Building the New Nation

Mr. JohnsonU.S. History

James Madison’s Presidency

James Madison• 1809-1817• “Father of the

Constitution”• Federalist Papers• Bill of Rights• Kentucky &

Virginia Resolutions

• Democratic-Republican

• Secretary of State

Indian Relations

“Five Civilized Tribes”

“Five Civilized Tribes”• Adopted English

Customs– Farming– Christianity– Schools– Cabins– Written language

(Sequoyah)– Tribal constitutions

Northwest Indian War• Treaty of Greenville

(1796)• Ends the war• Representatives

from 10 tribes cede part of NW Territory

• Some tribes rejected the treaty…

Treaty of Ft. Wayne (1809)• Gen. William Henry

Harrison• Additional land

purchase after Treaty of Greenville

• Tecumseh– rejected the treaty– Threatened to make

alliance with British

Tecumseh & Harrison

Tenskwatawa & Tecumseh• Tenskwatawa –

“Shawnee Prophet”• Tecumseh –

Military leader• Indian

confederacy to resist expansion into NW Territory

William Henry Harrison• Battle of

Tippecanoe– Burning of

Prophetstown– Victory over

Tenskwatawa– National hero– Later slogan:

“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too!”

Foreign Policy

Background• American

Revolution• Neutrality/Jay’s

Treaty• Impressment

– Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

• Embargo Act– Non-Intercourse Act– Macon’s Bill #2

Impressment

War Hawks• Young

Democratic-Republican leaders

• Wanted to protect American interests

• Webster, Clay, Calhoun

War Hawks’ Goals• Northerners

– Seize Canada

• Southerners– Seize Florida

• All War Hawks– Stop

impressment– Protect trade– Expand westward

Causes of the War1. Impressment… 2. …Interference

with trade3. British

provocation of Native American attacks

Fighting the War

Overview• 1812-1814,

1815*• Three Phases

– U.S. invasion of Canada/Great Lakes

– British invasion of Chesapeake Bay

– Battle of New Orleans

• Treaty of Ghent

Battle of Lake ErieOliver Hazard Perry: “We have met the enemy, and they are ours!”

Invasion of Canada

Death of Tecumseh (1813)

Burning of Burning of Washington, DCWashington, DC

Attack on Fort Attack on Fort McHenryMcHenry

Star-Spangled Banner

Hartford Convention• 1814• New England

states threaten to secede because of the war

• End up only calling for amendments to increase their political power

Hartford Convention

Daniel Webster• Protested the

poor conduct of the war

• Criticized secession movement

– “Liberty and Union”

The War Ends

Treaty of Ghent (1814)• Stalemated war• Unpopular on

both sides -“Mr. Madison’s War”

• Peace between U.S., Canada, & Britain

• Ghent, Belgium

Creek War• Gen. Andrew

Jackson• Creek were

allied with British

• Treaty of Ft. Jackson (1814)

Battle of New Orleans (1815)• British tried to

seize the strategic port before word of the treaty reached them

• Ended war on a “happy note” for U.S.

Jackson at New Orleans

Andrew Jackson

William Henry Harrison

Great Triumvirate• Three Powerful

Senators– Henry Clay (west)– Daniel Webster

(north)– John C. Calhoun

(south)

Roman Triumvirate• Joint rule of

Rome– Octavian– Antony– Lepidus

• Led to in-fighting

Domestic Policy

The “American System”• Henry Clay

– bank– Tariff– Internal

improvements

Bank of United States• Charter lapsed in

1811• Madison vetoed

bank bills• Wartime inflation

& debt• Re-chartered in

1816

Tariff of 1816• First protective

tariff (rather than revenue tariff)…

• …Henry Clay’s “American System”

Internal Improvements• Roads &

canals• Interstate

commerce• Agrarian

vs. industrial

Effects of the War• “2nd War for Independence”… Future

U.S./British friendliness• Wave of nationalism… Era of Good

Feelings• Tribes were crushed… Indian

removal• Rise of new heroes… Jackson,

Harrison & Great Triumvirate• Wartime economic woes…

“Federalist” economic plan

James Monroe’s

Presidency

James Monroe• Diplomat• Secretary of War &

State• Louisiana Purchase• Democratic-

Republican• Virginia… “dynasty”

Election of 1816• Dying

Federalist Party

• Electoral vote

– Monroe: 183

– King: 34

Election of 1820• Electoral

vote– Monroe:

231– Adams: 1

James Monroe• Major Issues

– Foreign policy successes

– Domestic nationalism & sectionalism

Monroe’s Diplomacy

John Quincy Adams• Monroe’s

Secretary of State

• Peaceful relations with Spain and Britain/Canada

Adams-Onis Treaty

Rush-Bagot Treaty• U.S.-British

agreement• Demilitarization of

Great Lakes

Treaty of 1818 (49th Parallel)

Monroe Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine

Nationalism & Sectionalism

“Era of Good Feeling”• National optimism• Dem.–Rep.

domination– “Era of Good Feeling”– Death of Federalist

Party…– …“National

Republicans”

Marshall’s Federalist Court• Gibbons v. Ogden

– Interstate commerce

• McCulloch v. Maryland– National bank/

national supremacy

Panic of 1819• Causes

• Failure to re-charter National Bank

• War of 1812 caused debt

• Banks called in loans

• Effects• Foreclosures• Bank Failures• Unemployment• Reduced production

Missouri Compromise• Missouri –

slave• Maine – free• 36-30 line• Sectional

conflict -

Jefferson’s “firebell in the night”

The Virginia Dynasty• Washington –

Virginia• Adams –

Massachusetts• Jefferson –

Virginia• Madison –

Virginia• Monroe –

Virginia