Gerald Ford & Gerald Ford & Jimmy CarterJimmy CarterCreated Created

by Mr. by Mr. JohnsonJohnson

Ford Ford AdministrationAdministration

Gerald Ford (R)Gerald Ford (R)

• Domestic PolicyDomestic Policy• First non-elected First non-elected

executiveexecutive• Nixon pardonNixon pardon• Church Committee Church Committee

investigationinvestigation• Clemency boards for Clemency boards for

draft dodgers & desertersdraft dodgers & deserters• Economic recession: Economic recession:

energy crisis, stagflation energy crisis, stagflation & “WIN”& “WIN”

• Lost 1976 electionLost 1976 election

Gerald Ford (R)Gerald Ford (R)

• Foreign PolicyForeign Policy• Continued Nixon’s Continued Nixon’s

policy of policy of détentedétente• Helsinki AgreementHelsinki Agreement• Apollo-Soyuz Test ProjectApollo-Soyuz Test Project

• End of Vietnam WarEnd of Vietnam War• Fall of SaigonFall of Saigon• Khmer Rouge & Khmer Rouge &

Cambodian genocideCambodian genocide

Ford Replaces NixonFord Replaces Nixon

Pardon of NixonPardon of Nixon

Church Committee InvestigationChurch Committee Investigation

Fall of SaigonFall of Saigon

Khmer Rouge & Cambodian GenocideKhmer Rouge & Cambodian Genocide

DétenteDétente: Helsinki Agreements: Helsinki Agreements

DétenteDétente: Apollo-Soyuz: Apollo-Soyuz

Clemency for Draft Evaders & DesertersClemency for Draft Evaders & Deserters

Energy Crisis ContinuesEnergy Crisis Continues

Economic RecessionEconomic Recession

• Mid-1970s saw Mid-1970s saw worst worst economic economic conditions conditions since Great since Great DepressionDepression

StagflationStagflation

• Rising prices Rising prices (inflation)(inflation)

• Flat wages & Flat wages & high high unemployment unemployment (stagnant (stagnant economy)economy)

• Problem Problem throughout throughout 1970s1970s

WIN – FordWIN – Ford

• ““Whip Inflation Now”Whip Inflation Now”• Voluntary measuresVoluntary measures

• ButtonsButtons• Save moneySave money• Conserve fuelConserve fuel• Vegetable gardensVegetable gardens• Ineffective, so…Ineffective, so…

• More direct measuresMore direct measures• Unemployment benefitsUnemployment benefits• Deficit spendingDeficit spending• Tax cutsTax cuts

Election of 1976Election of 1976

Election of 1976Election of 1976

Carter Carter AdministrationAdministration

Jimmy Carter (D)Jimmy Carter (D)

• Domestic policyDomestic policy• ““Washington outsider”Washington outsider”• Blanket amnesty for draft Blanket amnesty for draft

evaders & desertersevaders & deserters• Three Mile Island accidentThree Mile Island accident

• Reorganization of Nuclear Reorganization of Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)Regulatory Commission (NRC)

• National Energy PolicyNational Energy Policy• Environmental SuperfundEnvironmental Superfund

• Deregulation of airlinesDeregulation of airlines• Stagnant economyStagnant economy

• 22ndnd OPEC embargo OPEC embargo• Crisis of Confidence Crisis of Confidence

(“economic malaise”) speech(“economic malaise”) speech

Jimmy Carter (D)Jimmy Carter (D)

• Foreign PolicyForeign Policy• Camp David AccordsCamp David Accords• Human Rights policyHuman Rights policy• Panama Canal TreatyPanama Canal Treaty• End of End of détentedétente

• Soviet invasion of AfghanistanSoviet invasion of Afghanistan• SALT II failedSALT II failed• U.S. grain embargo on U.S.S.R.U.S. grain embargo on U.S.S.R.• U.S. Boycott of 1980 OlympicsU.S. Boycott of 1980 Olympics

• Sandinista Revolution in Sandinista Revolution in NicaraguaNicaragua

• Iranian Revolution & Iranian Revolution & Hostage CrisisHostage Crisis

““Washington Outsider”Washington Outsider”

Blanket AmnestyBlanket Amnesty

Three Mile Island DisasterThree Mile Island Disaster

National Energy ActNational Energy Act

• Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency• Alternative sources of Alternative sources of

energyenergy

Solar EnergySolar Energy

Wind EnergyWind Energy

Environmental SuperfundEnvironmental Superfund

Deregulation of AirlinesDeregulation of Airlines

Camp David AccordsCamp David Accords

Human Rights PolicyHuman Rights Policy

Sandinista Revolution in NicaraguaSandinista Revolution in Nicaragua

Panama Canal TreatyPanama Canal Treaty

End of End of DétenteDétente

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, 1979Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, 1979

SALT II FailsSALT II Fails

U.S. Grain Embargo on U.S.S.R.U.S. Grain Embargo on U.S.S.R.

U.S. Boycott of 1980 OlympicsU.S. Boycott of 1980 Olympics

1979 Iranian Revolution1979 Iranian Revolution

Iran Hostage CrisisIran Hostage Crisis

Failed Rescue AttemptFailed Rescue Attempt

22ndnd OPEC Oil Embargo OPEC Oil Embargo

1979 Energy Crisis1979 Energy Crisis

Historic Oil PricesHistoric Oil Prices

““Crisis of Confidence” SpeechCrisis of Confidence” Speech

““We can see this crisis We can see this crisis in the growing doubt in the growing doubt about the meaning of about the meaning of our own lives and in the our own lives and in the loss of a unity of loss of a unity of purpose for our nation… purpose for our nation… In a nation that was In a nation that was proud of hard work, proud of hard work, strong families, close-strong families, close-knit communities, and knit communities, and our faith in God, too our faith in God, too many of us now tend to many of us now tend to worship self-indulgence worship self-indulgence and consumption.”and consumption.”

New Right CoalitionNew Right Coalition

• Small-governmentSmall-government• Cut taxesCut taxes• Cut social programsCut social programs

• Conservative Christian Conservative Christian groupsgroups• TelevangelistsTelevangelists• Moral MajorityMoral Majority

• Business interestsBusiness interests• Cut taxesCut taxes• Restore faith lost by Restore faith lost by

CarterCarter

Ronald ReaganRonald Reagan

• RepublicanRepublican• Actor, California Actor, California

governorgovernor• ““Let’s make Let’s make

America great America great again”again”

Election of 1980Election of 1980