Process of changing air in an enclosed space

A proportion of air should be withdrawn and replaced by the

fresh air continuously

Maintain the air purity, allow the oxygen to enter and water

vapors, smell to leave

Without proper ventilation, home will be suffer by damages,

most common-rot

Using less energy to have same kind of service

Instead of installing air-conditioner, use whole house fan

An efficient ventilation – establish hazard, satisfy usercomfort, be energy efficient, cost effective.

Heating, ventilation & air-conditioning (HVAC) ensure apleasant, comfortable & safe work environment

Significant energy and money saving can be made outthrough when constructing new buildings, good strategiespresence optimize energy use in existing HVAC systems thatare reducing the demand for the service and ensuring thegood maintenance practices

Passive Stack

Ventilation (PSV)

- Connected via near-vertical

ducts to ridge or other roof

terminals.

- Replacement dry air is drawn

into the room via background

ventilators and by air leakage

- Air is drawn up the ducts by a

combination of the stack effect

and wind effect

Installation process

Each wet room must have

their individual ducts

Make sure that the ducting

fixed securely to the

terminals

Cut the ducts to length, and

the angles of offsets should

not more than 45`

The ducts must be insulated

Wastes heat and may cause draughts therefore

additional input grilles are required in living rooms to

prevent draughts

Have tendency to over or under ventilate depending

on weather conditions.

Window trickle vents and wall inlets are required.

Lack of pressure differences affecting airflow might

mean it’s necessary to use an open window or

additional central fan during warmer weather

Possible Problems to

the System

Single Room Heat Recovery Ventilation (SRHRV)

Is also known as mechanical

ventilation heat recovery

recovers heat from the outgoing

air and pre-heats the incoming

air

moderate and balance the

temperature of the house

typically dual speed, providing

low-speed and high-speed

airflow

can be mounted on the places like floor, joists or plinth.

correctly located, wired and commission on places which have the easy access to the main electricity

Make sure there is an adequate gap between the exhaust vents and incoming vents

Installation process

Recirculation possible due to close proximity of supply

and extract grilles.

Too noisy to be installed in bedrooms or other quiet

places.

Fresh outdoor air and extracted air are indirectly in

contact with each other, therefore any pollutant could

be exchanged between the fresh and extracted air.

Possible Problems to

the System

Mechanical Extract Ventilation (MEV)

Extracts air from ‘wet’

rooms continually

Less dependency on

background ventilators

Able to increase the speed

of the fan and extraction

rate as necessary, rather

than raising the extraction

rate for the whole building.

ducts should be sealed using tape or sealant

can be mounted on the places which have anti-vibration mountings

between the unit and the structure.

Installation process

Requires ducting from the wet rooms and also requires

commissioning.

Air infiltration through the building envelope creates

easily draught in winter in cold climate.

The exhaust is usually from kitchens, bathrooms, and

toilets ventilation supply air flow is not evenly distributed

in the bed rooms and living rooms.

Possible Problems to

the System

Positive Input Ventilation (PIV)

is also known as low energy

positive input ventilation

typically mounted in the roof

space

supplying fresh and filtered air

into a property at a continuous

rate

either operate under manually

or humidity controlled boost

option

Make sure the upstairs ceiling

is airtight

Airflow should not passing

directly over a smoke detector

Air taken from the roof space

should be filtered.

The automatic sensor should

be correctly located, wired and

commission in the house.

PIV Loft Mounted Unit

Whole House Positive Input

Ventilation Unit

Installation process

Some additional enhancement may be needed

depending on the building structure

Air tight buildings there may not be enough ventilation

so may require extract ventilation ports in wet rooms,

these ports may have to remain constantly open

Possible Problems to

the System

Intermittent Extract Fan &

Background Ventilators

provide rapid extraction of moisture and other pollutants.

operate intermittently under either occupant or automatic

control.

The fans can be either mounted in a window, ceiling or

external wall.

These fans do not run continuously, therefore the

background ventilators should be sized to provide adequate

continuous whole house ventilation.

May produce lots of noise

Prone to occupant tampering & if

occupant is controlled, it may not be

used

Single façade dwellings require

additional background ventilators fitted

at low level

Possible Problems to

the System

Whole House Mechanical

Ventilation with Heat

Recovery (MVHR)

usually combines supply and extract ventilation in one

system.

Systems considered here incorporate a heat exchanger.

provide the ideal ventilation system, delivering the required

ventilation rate almost independently of the weather

conditions

The system is typically dual speed, providing low-speed

continuous ‘trickle’ ventilation, and high-speed ‘boost’ extract

flow.

An adequate level of air tightness must be achieved

In order to perform in optimum condition

Can be difficult in existing dwellings

Complexity for installation & commissioning

Possible Problems to

the System

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Maintaining the effectiveness of ventilation

regardless of wind direction

Ensuring constant supply of fresh air to maintain

Indoor Air Quality

Making sure Inlet and Outlet openings are not

obstructed by nearby objects

Air exchange rate in naturally ventilated areas

mostly on :-

Weather

Internal & External factors of a

building

Mostly applicable in tall

buildings

Warm air is less dense than

cold air, as a result, warm air

rises and escapes and cooler

air enters the building through

openings lower down

Effectiveness depends on:-

Height

Difference in temperature

Area/size of the openings

Energy efficient; no energy is

needed for stack effect to

take place

STACK EFFECT

Equipment used is known as Heat

Recovery Ventilator

Can operate independently or

attached to an existing system

Earth-to-air heat exchanger

involves a earth warming pipe,

buried 1.5m which transfers the

heat from inside to outside

Energy efficient

HEAT RECOVERY

VENTILATION (HRV)

Draws moisture from

wet rooms e.g.

kitchens, bathrooms

etc.

Placed on top of the

ceiling of the house

MEV Spider is an

Example of a

Mechanical Extract

ventilator

Operate with very little

power

Mechanical Extract

Ventilation (MEV)

Supply fresh filtered air

at a continuous rate

“PIV Loft Mounted Unit”

used in households to

circulate fresh air into

the building from a

central point

Energy efficient and is

used for health benefits

POSITIVE INPUT

VENTILATION (PIV)

ADVANTAGES

SAVE COST IN A LONG TERM PLAN

Control usage of energy

Control usage of electrical appliances

Electric bills per year REDUCED !!!

MUCH HEALTHIER INDOOR

ENVIRONMENT

Provide fresher air

Occupant will feel more comfortable

INCREASE PRICE OF ASSET Buildings that are perceived certified as

energy efficient

Command higher occupancy rates & rentals

Price of asset GONE UP

ADVANTAGES

IMPROVE OPERATING SYSTEM

Work more reliably & efficiently

Require fewer repair

LAST LONGER

CUTS BUILDING CARBON EMISSIONS

Reduce the emission of Greenhouse gases

SAVE ENVIRONMENT !

DISADVANTAGES

✘ HIGH COST IN SHORT TERM

Expensive building materials

Higher payment for architect & engineer

✘ TAKES LONGER TIME TO BUILD

Drastic architectural design

Require more time

✘ MIGHT HARM THE ENVIRONMENT

The use of natural materials

- ventilate the room to be hot or cold than the

outside air temperature

- causes air infiltration

- During the hot season, the indoor warm air will

flow to the top opening and replaced by the

cooler air outside through the stack effect of

ventilation.

- during the cold season, the cooler air will be

drawn out and replaced with warmer air from

outside

Stack Effect

create a healthier environment.

increase the air permeability

extract the stalely air from the kitchen,

bathroom & toilet

supplies the fresh air into the ventilation

system through a filter

prevent allergies from the incoming

dusty air.

Single Room Heat Recovery Ventilation (SRHRV)

Extracts the air from a particular room

Has two kinds of exhaust system

single-point

multi point exhaust system.

Single point exhaust system

extract the air from the kitchen & bathroom

allows the residents temporarily boots the ventilation rate

Multi point exhaust system

The bathroom has exhaust port instead of having spot fan

allows the residents temporarily boost the ventilation rate

Mechanical Extract Ventilation (MEV)

Positive Input

Ventilation (PIV)

Deal with condensation

problem in a building.

Ideal for retrofit projects.

Easy to install and

extremely cost-effective

to run

ARTICA

• Reduces energy usage up to 90%

• Lower costs

• Uses thermal Battery

• Consists of four components an insulated duct, air diffusers,

the Air Handling Unit and the control system.

• Perfect for offices and commercial properties

• Ground-breaking passive ventilation with

heat recovery product

• The highest levels of energy savings

• Designed for continuous twenty-four hour

ventilation

• Divides into Ventive S and Ventive S+

VENTIVE

• Provides high efficient cooling, heating, hot water, air

purification and ventilation

• Uses combination of air handling units

• This system utilizes heat recovery technology for saving up

to 40% of energy

• Suitable for places where everything such as humidity,

temperature, air quality and comfort must be in perfect

requirements like hospitals

DAIKIN

Case Study- PJ Trade Centre (PJTC)

Background of PJTC

Entrance of

Damansara

Perdana

Location

Developer Tujuan Gemilang Sdn Bhd

Contractor Syarikat Pembinaan LAL Sdn Bhd

Completed in December 2009

Financially Success for its investors

Sold out about 95% in 18 months

NOW fully occupied by 25 companies

4

TOWER

S MENARA MUSTAPHA KAMAL

MENARA GAMUDA

MENARA HASIL

MENARA BATA

WON TOP AWARDS Interior Design

Landscape Architecture

Commercial Architecture

The Architect-

Malaysia paradigm

Rooted with the local culture and climate

Designed as a “BOUTIQUE” office building

of the building….........

TYPICAL aluminum & glass box office

Over-burnt bricks & vent blocks on the facades

Minimize heat gained & allow natural ventilation

Single loaded & thin building mass

Allow the entrance of natural light and cross-ventilation

BIG LANDSCAPE PLAZA + SKY TERRACES 2.5 out of 5.4 acres of total land

More than 1400 trees

of the building (Con’t)

12 units

With trees, wall creepers &

hanging vines

Provide needed shade

Act as a filter to cool heated air

VERY SIMPLE

LESS obstructing objects

Uncomplicated flow of spaces

of the building….........

1-4 UNITS per floor + own washroom & pantry

Not being too compact

of the building…..........

Use the one in their own unit

Occupancy density Ventilation Rate

BIG balcony + nice landscape garden

of the unit…....................

Balcony is an alternative architectural

element as a wind scoop for scooping the

air into a building to allow the better

ventilation

LOWER temperature in the room

Bigger space > lower temperature

Provide better air ventilation

Resistance to flow through the structure reduced

in the unit…....................