Karisa Masson Grad Studio 6 Thesis Project Codes

1/24/12

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TYPE AND OCCUPANCY

1. What is the building construction type? The building construction type is Type I and II because the materials used for construction are non-combustible.

2. What is the occupancy classification for the different uses in your program? There are different occupancy classifications for this project because of the numerous typologies, these are as follows:

Assembly (A-2)- for Restaurant area and tasting area, this is described as an area intended for food or drink consumption and recreation.

This would also be a Group B classification because this area will most likely have an occupancy load of less than 50 persons but will have access to other areas.

Assembly (A-3)- for the gallery area

Factory industrial (F-2 Low-Hazard Occupancy) for the winery production area, it is

classified as a low hazard occupancy because the alcohol content of the wine being produced is between 10% and 14.5% by volume which is below the 16% requirement for this classification. This classification is for the manufacture of non-combustible materials

Low-Hazard Storage (S-2) might also apply to areas where the wine is being stored, which is

used for non-combustible products stored on wood pallets. Some of the wine would be stored in oak barrels so I am assuming that this classification is applicable to this area.

Mercantile Group M- For the retail area

3. What is the occupancy load per floor for your project? The first floor of the frost museum is approximately 11,700 sq. ft. This is the floor that will house the public spaces like the restaurant, retail and Wine

tasting areas. The occupancy load for this floor would be 100 people based on the chart below. The second floor is approximately 13,673 sq. ft. and will house the Winery and

storage areas as well as the Gallery and a multi-use area. The approximate occupancy load will be 65 to 70 people when tours are in progress

and about 20 when they are not.

4. Is your building equipped with automatic sprinkler system? Yes it is.

5. On what drawing do you show the sprinkler placement?

Sprinkler placement is to be shown on the Life Safety Plans.

EGRESS

6. What is the minimum number of exits required from the different spaces in your project?

1021.1 Exits from stories. All spaces within each story shall have access to the minimum

number of approved independent exits based on the occupant load of the story. For an occupant load of 1-500 (persons per story), a minimum of two exits are required

(per story). For an occupant load of 500-1000 (persons per story), a minimum of three exits are

required (per story).

7. The maximum common path of travel distance to exits in a building equipped with automatic sprinklers

1028.8 Common path of egress travel. A common path of travel shall be permitted for the 20

feet from any point where serving any number of occupants and for the first 75 feet from any point where serving not more than 50 occupants.

For smoke-protected assembly seating, the common path of travel shall not exceed 50 feet from any seat to appoint where a person has a choice of two directions of egress travel.

8. The maximum travel distance to exits in your building if not equipped with out automatic sprinklers

1028.7 Travel distance. Travel distance shall not be more than 250 feet in sprinklered

buildings.

9. Every floor should have a minimum of _______2_____exits.

1021.1 Exits from stories. All spaces within each story shall have access to the minimum number of approved independent exits based on the occupant load of the story. For an occupant load of 1-500 (persons per story), a minimum of two exits are required

(per story). For an occupant load of 500-1000 (persons per story), a minimum of three exits are

required (per story).

10. Use the diagonal rule to find the minimum distance between exits?

1015.2.1 Two exits or exit access doorways. Where two exits or exit access doorways are required from any portion of the exit access, the exit doors or exit access doorways shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one-half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served measured in a straight line between exit doors or exit access doorways. Interlocking or scissor stairs shall be counted as one exit stairway.

Exception: Where a building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the separation distance of the exit doors or exit access doorways shall not be less than one-third of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area served.

1015.2.2 Three or more exits or exit access doorways. Where access to three or more exits is required, at least two exit doors or exit access doorways shall be arranged in accordance with the provisions of Section 1015.2.1.

11. The minimum requirement for the wall construction of horizontal exits (exits between buildings or between to separate areas of a floor)

1022.1 Enclosures required. Exit enclosures shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less

than 2 hours where connecting four stories or more and not less than 1 hour where connecting less than four stories. The number of stories connected by the exit enclosure shall include any basements but not any mezzanines.

Exit enclosures shall have a fire resistance rating not less than the floor assembly penetrated, but need not exceed 2 hours.

Exit enclosures shall lead directly to the exterior of the building or shall be extended to the exterior of the building with an exit passageway.

An exit enclosure shall not be used for any purpose other than means of egress.

12. The minimum opening construction requirement for horizontal exits

1008.1.1 Size of doors. The minimum width of each door opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall provide a clear width of 32 inches.

13. The maximum capacity of horizontal exits is ____50______ percent of the total exit

requirement.

1016.1 Travel distance limitations. Exits shall be so located on each story such that the maximum length of exit access travel, measured from the most remote point within a story along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel to an exterior exit door at the level of exit discharge, an entrance to a vertical exit enclosure, an exit passage way, a horizontal exit, an exterior exit stairway or an exterior exit ramp, shall not exceed 250 feet.

Exceptions: In other than occupancy Groups H and I, the exit access travel distance to a maximum of 50 percent of the exits is permitted to be measured from the most remote point within a building to an exit using unenclosed exit access stairways or ramps when connecting a maximum of two stories. The two connected stories shall be provided with at least two means of egress.

14. The capacity of floor area providing horizontal exit per person is ____6____ square feet.

1025.1 Horizontal exits. Horizontal exits serving as an exit in a means of egress system shall

comply with the requirements of this section. A horizontal exit shall not serve as the only exit from

a portion of a building, and where two or more exits are required, not more than one-half of the

total number of exits or total exit width shall be horizontal exits.

At least 6 square feet of accessible space per occupant shall be provided on each side of

the horizontal exit for the total number of people in adjoining compartments.

15. The minimum width for an exit corridor

1018.2 Corridor width. For Group A occupancy, the minimum exit access corridor width shall be 44 inches.

16. The minimum exit corridor ceiling height 1003.2 Ceiling height. The means of egress shall have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet 6 inches.

17. The maximum length of a dead-end exit corridor

1018.4 Dead ends. Where more than one exit or exit access doorway is required, the exit

access of a sprinklered building shall be arranged such that there are no dead ends in corridors more than 50 feet in length (20 feet without sprinklers).

18. What is the definition of a smoke proof enclosure?

FBC/IBC: “An exit stairway designed and constructed so that the movement of the products of combustion produced by a fire occurring in any part of the building into the enclosure is limited.”

19. Where should you locate emergency lighting in your project?

1006.1.3 The floors and other walking surfaces within an exit and within the portions of the

exit access and exit dis-charge. For the purposes of this requirement, exit access shall include only designated

stairs, aisles, corridors, ramps, escalators and passageways leading to an exit. For the purposes of this requirement, exit discharge shall include only designated

stairs, ramps, aisles, walkways and escalators leading to a public way.

20. On what drawing do show emergency light sources? Emergency light sources should be shown on the Life Safety Plan.

SIGNS

21. Are Exits signs required? Yes.

22. If, required where should they be placed

1006.3.1 Exits shall be marked by an approved sign readily visible from any direction of exit access. Every exit sign shall be illuminated by a reliable source in both normal and emergency lighting.

1006.2.3 New sign placement shall be such that no point in an exit access corridor is in excess of the rated viewing distance or 100 ft. from the nearest sign.

1006.3.3 Every sign will be of such size, color and illumination so as to provide a contrast with interior finish or other signs, impaired visibility of an exit sign shall not be permitted.

1006.3.8 Where the direction of travel to reach the nearest exit is no apparent, a directional sign reading “EXIT” showing the direction of travel shall be placed in every location.

23. On what drawing do you show the signs and what symbol do you use?

On the life Safety plan and Lighting and Switching plan. The symbol used is a solid rectangle the width and thickness of the physical sign with

directional arrows next to it if applicable.

24. The minimum illumination from exit signs at floor level

As Per section 1006 1.1, Illumination of means of egress shall be provided for every structure, exit access will include designated stairs, aisles, corridors, ramps, escalators and passageways leading to a public way.

Illumination of the means of egress should be continuous during the time that conditions of occupancy require that the means of egress be available for use. Artificial lighting should be employed, an exception would be motion sensor-type lighting as long as they are equipped for fail-safe operation.

Illumination timers should be set for at least 15 mins.

1006.1.3 Floors and walking surfaces within an exit should be illuminated to values of at least 1 footcandle, for stairs use 10 footcandles.

In Assemblies, areas which are used for performances or projections can be at least 0.2 footcandle.

1006.1.6 Illumination sources need to be reasonably reliable, battery operated sources are

not to be used for primary illumination of means of egress, they can be used however, if only reliable types of rechargeable batteries are used which can be charged regularly.

1006.2.3.1 Emergency illumination shall be provided for a period of 1 ½ hours in the event

of normal lighting failure. Lighting facilities shall provide initial illumination of at least an average of 1 footcandle and a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle measured along the path of egress at floor level. Illumination levels are permitted to decline to 0.6 footcandle avg. and a minimum at any point of 0.06 footcandle at the end of the lighting time duration.

A maximum to minimum illumination uniformity ratio of 40:1 shall not be exceeded. 1006.2.3.5 The emergency lighting system shall be in continuous operation or be capable of

repeated automatic operation without manual intervention. 1006.3.5 Exit signs shall be illuminated by not less than 5 footcandles.

DOORS

25. The minimum width for exit doors

1008.1.1 Minimum Width of 32”

26. The maximum width for exit doors

1008.1.1 Maximum Width of 48”

27. The minimum height for exit doors

1008.1.1 Minimum Height is 80”

28. Threshold requirements

1008.1.7 Thresholds at doorways shall not exceed ¾” in height for sliding doors serving dwelling units or ½” for other doors.

Raised thresholds and floor level changes greater than ¼” at doorways shall be beveled with a slope not greater than one unit vertical in two units horizontal.

29. Door swing requirements

1008.1.1 Clear openings of doorways with swing doors shall be measured between the face

of the door and the stop with the door open 90 deg. 1008.1.8 Space between two doors in a series shall be 48” minimum plus the width of a

door swing into the space. Doors in a series shall swing either in the same direction of away from the space between

doors.

30. Minimum protrusion a door can make onto a corridor

1008.1.1.1There shall not be a projection into the required clear width lower than 34 “above ground. Projections into the clear opening width between 34” and 80” above the ground shall not exceed 4”

VENTILATION

31. Concerning window area for light in your building, a minimum of ________percent of floor area/room or artificial light is required.

STAIRS

32. The minimum headroom for a stairway is __6’__ feet __6”___inches above the nosing 1009.2

33. The minimum width for a stairway (if over 50 occupants)

1009.1 The minimum width is 44”, if occupant load is less than 50 then it can be a minimum of 36”.

34. The maximum allowable height between stairway landings

1009.4.3 12’ is the maximum allowable height between landings.

35. The minimum width for a landing

1009.5 The width of landings shall not be less than the width of stairways they serve. Every landing shall have a minimum dimension measured in the direction of travel equal to the width of the stairway. Such dimension need not exceed 48” where the stairway has a straight run.

36. Stair risers (height of stair) What are the maximum height and Minimum

Height 1009.4.2 Maximum height of risers is 7” and 4” minimum.

37. In public areas, a stair's depth (treads) What are the maximum and Minimum

1009.4.2 Rectangular tread depths shall be 11” minimum. Winder treads shall have a minimum tread depth of 11” measured at the walkline and 10” within the clear width of the stair.

38. How do you determine the ratio between tread and riser?

1009.4.4 The tolerance between the largest and smellest riser height of between the largest and smallest riser height of between the largest and smallest tread depth shall not exceed 3/8” in any flight of stairs.

1009.4.4.1 Tread slope shall not be more than ¼” per foot.

HANDRAILS

39. Handrails extend distance at top and bottom

1012.6 Handrails shall extend horizontally at least 12” beyond the top riser and continue to slope for the depth of one tread beyond the bottom riser.

40. Railing height

1012.2 Handrails shall not be less than 34” and not more than 38”.

41. Space between the handrail and the wall.

1012.7 Clear space between a handrail and a wall shall be a minimum of 1 ½”.

42. Width for a ramp The width of a means of egress ramp with between handrails shall be 36” minimum.

43. A ramp landing – requirements 1010.6.1 Ramps shall have landings at the top and bottom of each ramp, points of

turning, entrance, exits and at doors. Landings shall not have a slope steeper than one unit vertical in 48 units horizontal

(2%) in any direction. 1010.7.1 The surface of the ramps shall be of slip resistant materials that are

securely attached.

44. Ramp landing dimensions 1010.6.2 The landing shall be at least as wide as the widest ramp run adjoining the

landing. The landing length shall be 60 inches minimum.

FINISHES

45. In a building equipped with sprinklers, the interior finish maximum flame spread index for enclosed vertical exits is _________76-200____________

Class A: Flame spread index 0-25; smoke developed index 0-450 Class B : Flame spread index 26-75 smoke developed index 0-450 Class C : Flame spread index 76-200 smoke developed index 0-450

46. In a building equipped with sprinklers, the interior finish maximum flame spread index for other exit ways is ____________26-75_________________

47. The interior finish maximum flame spread index for other areas is ___________26-75____________

48. List the material classes AND testing requirements for the finishes in different

areas of the project. (Very Important – will be utilized in material selections) 803.1.1 Interior wall and finish materials shall be classified in accordance with

ASTM E 84 or UL 723. Such materials shall be grouped as Class A, B or C as follows: Class A: Flame spread index 0-25; smoke developed index 0-450 Class B : Flame spread index 26-75 smoke developed index 0-450 Class C : Flame spread index 76-200 smoke developed index 0-450 803.1.2 Interior wall and ceiling finishes shall be permitted to be tested in

accordance with NFPA 286 and shall comply with section 803.1.2.1. - Acceptance criteria for NFPA 286: - During the 40kW exposure flames shall not spread to the ceiling. - During the 160 kW exposure, the interior finish shall not spread to the outer

extremity of the sample on any wall or ceiling. Flashover shall not occur. - The peak rate of heat released throughout the test shall not exceed 800kW - The total smoke released throughout the test shall not exceed 1,000 m2

NFPA 265: Room corner test for textile wall coverings and expanded vinyl wall coverings: - During the 40kW exposure, flames shall not spread to the ceiling - During the 150kW exposure the flames shall not spread to the outer extremities

for the samples on the 8’ by 12’ walls. - Flashover shall not occur. - The total smoke released throughout the NFPA 265 test shall not exceed 1,000

m2. UL 723 textile wall and ceiling coverings and expanded vinyl wall and ceiling

coverings shall have a class A flame spread index in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723 and be protected by an automatic sprinkler system.

803.2 Materials having a thickness less than 0.036” applied directly to the surface of walls or ceilings shall not be required to be tested.

49. What areas of your program will need to be compartmentalized (look up compartmentation in the codes Guidebook) what are the fire rated assemblies that should separate them.

The only area of my project that will need to be compartmentalized are the winery (production) classified as F2.

ELEVATORS

50. Elevator requirement for your project is …..

3001.3 Accessibility. Passenger elevators are required to be accessible by the Florida Building

Code, Accessibility.

51. Elevator location should be… Appropriately located in proximity to an exit and in proximity of the main stairway being used.

52. The minimum elevator door width 407.4.1 Car Dimensions. The clear width of elevator doors shall comply with the following:

42 inches for centered doors.

36 inches for off-centered or doors in any other location.

53. The minimum inside dimensions for an elevator 407.4.1 Car Dimensions. Inside dimensions of elevator cars shall comply with chart

407.4.1(below)

54. The maximum height for elevator buttons 407.2.1.1 Height. Call buttons and keypads shall be located within one of the reach ranges

specified in 308 (below), measured to the centerline of the highest operable part. Exception: Existing call buttons and existing keypads shall be permitted to be located

at 54 inches maximum above the finish floor, measured to the centerline of the highest operable part.

308.2.1 Unobstructed. Where a forward reach is unobstructed, the high forward reach shall be 48 inches maximum and the low forward reach shall be 15 inches minimum above the finish floor or ground.

TOILET ROOMS

55. The numbers of stalls required for the project are? How many accessible?

56. The minimum width for the area in front of a toilet stall is from _________to ______inches.

604.2 Location. The water closet shall be positioned with a wall or partition to the rear and to

one side. The centerline of the water closet shall be 16 inches minimum to 18 inches maximum

from the side wall or partition, except that the water closet shall be 17 inches minimum and 19

inches maximum from the side wall or partition in the ambulatory accessible toilet compartment.

ADAAG 604.3.1 Size. Clearance around a water closet shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum

measured perpendicular from the side wall and 56 inches (1420 mm) minimum measured

perpendicular from the rear wall.

Figure 604.3.1Size of Clearance at Water Closets

57. Entry doors for toilet stalls must be at least ________ inches wide. ADAAG 604.8.1.2 Doors. Toilet compartment doors, including door hardware, shall comply with

404 except that if the approach is to the latch side of the compartment door, clearance between

the door side of the compartment and any obstruction shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum.

Doors shall be located in the front partition or in the side wall or partition farthest from the water

closet. Where located in the front partition, the door opening shall be 4 inches (100 mm)

maximum from the side wall or partition farthest from the water closet. Where located in the side

wall or partition, the door opening shall be 4 inches (100 mm) maximum from the front partition.

The door shall be self-closing. A door pull complying with 404.2.7 shall be placed on both sides

of the door near the latch. Toilet compartment doors shall not swing into the minimum required

compartment area.

58. The minimum toilet stall width is ______________ inches.

604.3.1 Size. Clearance around a water closet shall be 60 inches minimum measured

perpendicular from the side wall and 56 inches minimum measured perpendicular from the rear

wall.

59. A toilet seat must be between _________ inches and _________ inches from the floor. ADAAG 604.4 Seats. The seat height of a water closet above the finish floor shall be 17

inches (430 mm) minimum and 19 inches (485 mm) maximum measured to the top of the seat. Seats shall not be sprung to return to a lifted position.

60. The minimum height for a grab bar is _______________inches.

ADAAG 604.5 Grab Bars. Grab bars for water closets shall comply with 609. Grab bars shall be

provided on the side wall closest to the water closet and on the rear wall.

ADAAG 604.5.1 Side Wall. The side wall grab bar shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) long minimum,

located 12 inches (305 mm) maximum from the rear wall and extending 54 inches (1370 mm)

minimum from the rear wall.

ADAAG 604.5.2 Rear Wall. The rear wall grab bar shall be 36 inches (915 mm) long minimum

and extend from the centerline of the water closet 12 inches (305 mm) minimum on one side and

24 inches (610 mm) minimum on the other side.

ADAAG Figure 604.5.1Side Wall Grab Bar at Water Closets ADAAG Figure 604.5.2Rear Wall Grab Bar at

Water Closets

609 (ADAAG) – GRAB BARS 609.4 Position of Grab Bars. Grab bars shall be installed in a horizontal position, 33 inches minimum

and 36 inches maximum above the finish floor measured to the top of the gripping surface.

51.The minimum wheelchair turning space (unobstructed) is ___________ inches in

diameter.

603 (ADAAG) – TOILET AND BATHING ROOMS 603.2.1 Turning Space. Turning space complying with 304 (below) shall be provided within the room.

304 (ADAAG) – TURNING SPACE

304.3.1 Circular Space. The turning space shall be a space of 60 inches diameter minimum. The space

shall be permitted to include knee and toe clearance complying with 306.

ADAAG 604.8.1.1 Size. Wheelchair accessible compartments shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide

minimum measured perpendicular to the side wall, and 56 inches (1420 mm) deep minimum for wall

hung water closets and 59 inches (1500 mm) deep minimum for floor mounted water closets measured

perpendicular to the rear wall.

Figure 604.8.1.1Size of Wheelchair Accessible Toilet Compartment

52. What are the lavatory requirements for accessibility?

SECTION 305 (ADAAG) – CLEAR FLOOR OR GROUND SPACE

305.3 Size. The clear floor or ground space shall be 30 inches minimum by 48 inches minimum.

ADAAG 606 Lavatories and Sinks

ADAAG 606.1 General. Lavatories and sinks shall comply with 606.

ADAAG 606.2 Clear Floor Space. A clear floor space complying with 305, positioned for a

forward approach, and knee and toe clearance complying with 306 shall be provided.

ADAAG 606.3 Height. Lavatories and sinks shall be installed with the front of the higher of the

rim or counter surface 34 inches (865 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground.

ADAAG 606.4 Faucets. Controls for faucets shall comply with 309 (below).

ADAAG 606.5 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces. Water supply and drain pipes under lavatories and

sinks shall be insulated or otherwise configured to protect against contact. There shall be no

sharp or abrasive surfaces under lavatories and sinks.

ADAAG: look up and list the following in the American with Disabilities Act Standards that

pertain to your project.

ADAAG 308.2 Forward Reach.

ADAAG 308.2.1 Unobstructed. Where a forward reach is unobstructed, the high forward reach shall be

48 inches (1220 mm) maximum and the low forward reach shall be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum above

the finish floor or ground.

ADAAG 308.2.2 Obstructed High Reach. Where a high forward reach is over an obstruction, the clear

floor space shall extend beneath the element for a distance not less than the required reach depth over the

obstruction. The high forward reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum where the reach depth is 20

inches (510 mm) maximum. Where the reach depth exceeds 20 inches (510 mm), the high forward reach

shall be 44 inches (1120 mm) maximum and the reach depth shall be 25 inches (635 mm) maximum.

ADAAG Figure 308.2.1Unobstructed Forward Reach

ADAAG 308.3 Side Reach.308.3.1 Unobstructed. Where a clear floor or ground space allows a parallel

approach to an element and the side reach is unobstructed, the high side reach shall be 48 inches (1220

mm) maximum and the low side reach shall be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum above the finish floor or

ground.

ADAAG EXCEPTIONS: 1. An obstruction shall be permitted between the clear floor or ground space

and the element where the depth of the obstruction is 10 inches (255 mm) maximum.2. Operable parts of

fuel dispensers shall be permitted to be 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum measured from the surface of the

vehicular way where fuel dispensers are installed on existing curbs.

ADAAG Figure 308.3.1Unobstructed Side Reach

ADAAG 308.3.2 Obstructed High Reach. Where a clear floor or ground space allows a parallel

approach to an element and the high side reach is over an obstruction, the height of the obstruction shall

be 34 inches (865 mm) maximum and the depth of the obstruction shall be 24 inches (610 mm)

maximum. The high side reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum for a reach depth of 10 inches

(255 mm) maximum. Where the reach depth exceeds 10 inches (255 mm), the high side reach shall be 46

inches (1170 mm) maximum for a reach depth of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum.

ADAAG EXCEPTIONS: 1. The top of washing machines and clothes dryers shall be permitted to be 36

inches (915 mm) maximum above the finish floor.2. Operable parts of fuel dispensers shall be permitted

to be 54 inches (1370 mm) maximum measured from the surface of the vehicular way where fuel

dispensers are installed on existing curbs.

ADAAG Figure 308.3.2Obstructed High Side Reach

1. Entrances

ADAAG 206.4 Entrances. Entrances shall be provided in accordance with 206.4. Entrance doors,

doorways, and gates shall comply with 404 and shall be on an accessible route complying with 402.

Accessible route

ADAAG 206 Accessible Routes

ADAAG 206.1 General. Accessible routes shall be provided in accordance with 206 and shall comply

with Chapter 4.

ADAAG 206.2 Where Required. Accessible routes shall be provided where required by 206.2.

ADAAG 206.2.1 Site Arrival Points. At least one accessible route shall be provided within the site from

accessible parking spaces and accessible passenger loading zones; public streets and sidewalks; and

public transportation stops to the accessible building or facility entrance they serve.

ADAAG Advisory 206.2.1 Site Arrival Points Exception 2. Access from site arrival points may include

vehicular ways. Where a vehicular way, or a portion of a vehicular way, is provided for pedestrian travel,

such as within a shopping center or shopping mall parking lot, this exception does not apply.

ADAAG 206.2.2 Within a Site. At least one accessible route shall connect accessible buildings,

accessible facilities, accessible elements, and accessible spaces that are on the same site.

ADAAG Advisory 206.2.2 Within a Site. An accessible route is required to connect to the boundary of

each area of sport activity. Examples of areas of sport activity include: soccer fields, basketball courts,

baseball fields, running tracks, skating rinks, and the area surrounding a piece of gymnastic equipment.

While the size of an area of sport activity may vary from sport to sport, each includes only the space

needed to play. Where multiple sports fields or courts are provided, an accessible route is required to each

field or area of sport activity.

ADAAG 206.2.3 Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities. At least one accessible route shall connect each

story and mezzanine in multi-story buildings and facilities.

ADAAG 206.2.4 Spaces and Elements. At least one accessible route shall connect accessible building

or facility entrances with all accessible spaces and elements within the building or facility which are

otherwise connected by a circulation path unless exempted by 206.2.3

ADAAG 206.2.5 Restaurants and Cafeterias. In restaurants and cafeterias, an accessible route shall be

provided to all dining areas, including raised or sunken dining areas, and outdoor dining areas.

ADAAG EXCEPTIONS: 1. In buildings or facilities not required to provide an accessible route between

stories, an accessible route shall not be required to a mezzanine dining area where the mezzanine contains

less than 25 percent of the total combined area for seating and dining and where the same decor and

services are provided in the accessible area.2. In alterations, an accessible route shall not be required to

existing raised or sunken dining areas, or to all parts of existing outdoor dining areas where the same

services and decor are provided in an accessible space usable by the public and not restricted to use by

people with disabilities.

ADAAG 206.3 Location. Accessible routes shall coincide with or be located in the same area as general

circulation paths. Where circulation paths are interior, required accessible routes shall also be interior.

ADAAG Figure 403.5.1Clear Width of an Accessible Route

2. Protruding objects

ADAAG 307 Protruding Objects ADAAG 307.1 General. Protruding objects shall comply with 307.

ADAAG 307.2 Protrusion Limits. Objects with leading edges more than 27 inches (685 mm) and not

more than 80 inches (2030 mm) above the finish floor or ground shall protrude 4 inches (100 mm)

maximum horizontally into the circulation path.

ADAAG EXCEPTION: Handrails shall be permitted to protrude 4½ inches (115 mm) maximum.

ADAAG Advisory 307.2 Protrusion Limits. When a cane is used and the element is in the detectable

range, it gives a person sufficient time to detect the element with the cane before there is body contact.

Elements located on circulation paths, including operable elements, must comply with requirements for

protruding objects. For example, awnings and their supporting structures cannot reduce the minimum

required vertical clearance. Similarly, casement windows, when open, cannot encroach more than 4

inches (100 mm) into circulation paths above 27 inches (685 mm).

ADAAG 307.4 Vertical Clearance. Vertical clearance shall be 80 inches (2030 mm) high minimum.

Guardrails or other barriers shall be provided where the vertical clearance is less than 80 inches (2030

mm) high. The leading edge of such guardrail or barrier shall be located 27 inches (685 mm) maximum

above the finish floor or ground.

ADAAG 307.5 Required Clear Width. Protruding objects shall not reduce the clear width required for

accessible routes

ADAAG Figure 307.2Limits of Protruding Objects

ADAAG 307.3 Post-Mounted Objects. Free-standing objects mounted on posts or pylons shall overhang

circulation paths 12 inches (305 mm) maximum when located 27 inches (685 mm) minimum and 80

inches (2030 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground. Where a sign or other obstruction is

mounted between posts or pylons and the clear distance between the posts or pylons is greater than 12

inches (305 mm), the lowest edge of such sign or obstruction shall be 27 inches (685 mm) maximum or

80 inches (2030 mm) minimum above the finish floor or ground.

ADAAG EXCEPTION: The sloping portions of handrails serving stairs and ramps shall not be required

to comply with 307.3.

ADAAG Figure 307.3Post-Mounted Protruding Objects

3. Ground and floor surfaces

ADAAG 305.1 General. Clear floor or ground space shall comply with 305.

ADAAG 305.2 Floor or Ground Surfaces. Floor or ground surfaces of a clear floor or ground space

shall comply with 302. Changes in level are not permitted.

ADAAG EXCEPTION: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted.

ADAAG 305.3 Size. The clear floor or ground space shall be 30 inches (760 mm) minimum by 48 inches

(1220 mm) minimum.

ADAAG Figure 305.3Clear Floor or Ground Space

4. Ramps

ADAAG 303.4 Ramps. Changes in level greater than ½ inch (13 mm) high shall be ramped, and shall

comply with 405 or 406.

5. Doors

ADAAG 304.4 Door Swing. Doors shall be permitted to swing into turning spaces

6. Drinking fountains and water coolers.

ADAAG 211 Drinking Fountains

ADAAG 211.1 General. Where drinking fountains are provided on an exterior site, on a floor, or within

a secured area they shall be provided in accordance with 211.

ADAAG EXCEPTION: In detention or correctional facilities, drinking fountains only serving holding or

housing cells not required to comply with 232 shall not be required to comply with 211.

ADAAG 211.2 Minimum Number. No fewer than two drinking fountains shall be provided. One

drinking fountain shall comply with 602.1 through 602.6 and one drinking fountain shall comply with

602.7.

ADAAG EXCEPTION: Where a single drinking fountain complies with 602.1 through 602.6 and 602.7,

it shall be permitted to be substituted for two separate drinking fountains.

ADAAG 211.3 More Than Minimum Number. Where more than the minimum number of drinking

fountains specified in 211.2 are provided, 50 percent of the total number of drinking fountains provided

shall comply with 602.1 through 602.6, and 50 percent of the total number of drinking fountains provided

shall comply with 602.7.

ADAAG EXCEPTION: Where 50 percent of the drinking fountains yields a fraction, 50 percent shall be

permitted to be rounded up or down provided that the total number of drinking fountains complying with

211 equals 100 percent of drinking fountains.

Special Features

426.3.2 Public bathrooms. 426.3.2.1 Food service establishment shall be provided with adequate and conveniently located

bathroom facilities for its employees and guests in accordance with provisions of the Florida

Building Code, Plumbing. Public access to toilet facilities shall not be permitted through food

preparation, storage, or ware washing areas. Bathroom fixtures shall be of readily cleanable

sanitary design.

426.3.2.2 Public bathrooms shall be completely enclosed and shall have tight-fitting, self closing

doors or, in public lodging establishments or bathrooms located outside a public food service, have

entrances and exits constructed in such a manner as to ensure privacy of occupants.

426.3.3 Vermin control. Effective control measures shall be taken to protect against the entrance

into the establishment, and the breeding or presence on the premises of rodents, flies, roaches and

other vermin. All buildings shall be effectively rodent-proofed. All windows used for ventilation

must be screened, except when effective means of vermin control are used. Screening material

shall not be less than 16 mesh to the inch or equivalent, tightfitting and free of breaks.

426.3.4 Fire safety. All fire safety, protection and prevention equipment must be installed,

approved, maintained and used in accordance with Chapter 509, Florida Statutes, Chapter 69A-

55,Uniform Fire Safety Standards for Public Food Service Establishments, FAC, and the Uniform

Fire Safety Standards as adopted by the State Fire Marshal.

426.3.5 Electrical wiring. To prevent fire or injury, defective electrical wiring shall be replaced

and wiring shall be kept in good repair. Only a wall switch or approved pull cord shall be

permitted in bathrooms. Electrical wiring shall be in accordance with the provisions of Florida

Building Code, Building, Chapter 27.

426.3.6 Gas appliances. 426.3.6.1 All appliances, including water heaters using gas, shall be properly vented in accordance

with the Florida Building Code, Fuel Gas. All appliances shall have a nationally recognized

testing laboratory seal such as AGA or UL seal.

426.3.6.2 Heating appliances shall be properly sized in Btu input for room air space. Proper sizing

of heating appliances shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Florida

Building Code, Fuel Gas.

426.4 Sanitation and safety requirements.

426.4.1 Bathroom facilities. All bathrooms shall be of easy and convenient access to both patrons

and employees and shall be located on the same floor of the premises served. For the purpose of

this section, the same floor includes any intermediate levels between the floor and ceiling of any

room or space not to exceed a vertical height of 8 feet (2438 mm). Public food service

establishments whose occupancy is incidental to another occupancy may utilize public restrooms

provided on the same floor. The travel distance may vary where adequate directional signs are

provided and the number of fixtures is deemed satisfactory by the applicable plumbing authority.

Each public food service establishment shall maintain a minimum of one public bathroom for each

sex, properly designated, except as provided herein

Bodies at Work: Performing Service in American Restaurants

Karla Erickson

2004

Design Issue

This study examined a restaurant’s physical and social space by analyzing how people move in it.

This study expands previous research on restaurants (Hall, 1990; LaPointe, 1991; Paules,

1991) to include how workers and customers move and behave in them.

Service work has often been studied as factories and offices are. This is not sufficient because

service workers’ actions vary greatly from factory and office workers’.

Design Criteria Author Identified: - Define clear pathways for servers and customers that facilitate smooth passage and prevent

collisions and customer access to work areas.

- Design recognizable boundaries between the public and private spaces (e.g., kitchen doors),

that blend in with the decor of the restaurant.

- Create secure barriers between public and work areas to give servers opportunities for

momentary relaxation away from the customers’ gaze.

- The restaurant was divided into two spheres (i.e., public and private). Boundaries between

spheres were subtly designed to keep food preparation hidden from customers.

- The restaurant’s public area was divided into two sections, the dining area and the bar. No

physical border existed between these two spaces. However, differences in ambiance (e.g.

lighting, music, uniforms worn by workers) established different purposes and expectations for

the spaces.

Attention Restoration Theory (ART) (Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989)

contends that certain types of environments can help restore people's ability to concentrate (attentional

recovery) and create opportunities for reflective thought (reflection).

To create environments that are restorative, it is important to understand which characteristics of settings

promote cognitive benefits.

Design CriteriaAuthor Identified:

Create restorative environments that allow for exposure to nature such as trails or gardens to promote both

attentional recovery and reflection benefits. Provide places to engage in or view sporting and

entertainment activities to support attentional recovery.

Key Concepts

Attention Restoration Theory (ART) proposes that the benefits derived from reflection are more

significant than those derived from attentional recovery.

The amount of reflection that is possible in a restorative environment depends on the type of fascination

an environment promotes. Soft fascination occurs when there is enough interest in the surroundings to

hold attention but not so much that there isn't room for reflection, with some aesthetic pleasure included.

Natural settings are associated with soft fascination. Hard fascination occurs when events or settings are

intense enough to completely capture attention leaving no room for reflective thought. Sports and

entertainment events are associated with hard fascination. In this study, natural settings were found to be

the most restorative, urban settings were least restorative, and sports/entertainment settings were in

between.

Wine Tasting rooms:

The percentage of visitors purchasing wine in the tasting room varies from 25 to 100 percent. The

average is 78 percent, which is a high level of penetration in this segment of the wine market. Most of

those who purchase wine typically buy two bottles. Some wineries offer food services, but only 10

percent of the visitors take advantage of this service.

The average age of the tasting room patron is 40. Visitors range in age from 28 to 53. Their average

income is $39,000, with a range from $25,000 to $60,000. Overall, the typical visitor can be stereotyped

as someone who is middle-aged with an above-average in-come.

The design of the Bar:

A curved half circle bar. – This is generally considered a best practice in the industry simply because it

allows one or two servers to pour to more folks than a straight bar does. It also helps to prevent guests

from lining up two deep. You never want guests two deep. It diminishes their experience and makes the

entire exercise feel a bit out of control. I also like the way a curved bar fills the room. It just seems more

inviting to me.

Sustainability and Industry-Specific Regulations

ORS 455.068- Tasting areas should be limited to a maximum occupant load of 299. Where tasting

rooms exceed 299 occupants, those areas would be assigned an occupancy category of A-2 and the

building reviewed as a mixed occupancy structure.

Wineries with a tasting room not exceeding 299 occupants may be considered as an “F 2” occupancy

in their entirety where one of the following conditions exist;

a. An automatic sprinkler system is provided throughout the fire area.

b. Both an automatic fire alarm system with manual pull stations and a smoke detection system are

installed throughout the building.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Hazard

During the fermentation process, wine grape sugar is metabolized by yeast which converts the sugar

to water, alcohol and carbon dioxide. During the active fermentation process, concentrations of

carbon dioxide within the headspace of a fermenting tank may reach levels approaching 100 % by

volume. The dangers posed by this type of CO2 build-up include the displacement of oxygen and the

potential asphyxiation of employees, as well as the dangers of being exposed to high concentrations

of carbon dioxide for extended periods of time.

Alternative Winemaking Practices

• Reducing of Winery Water Footprints

– Minimize the Number of Tanks Transfers

– Adopt Clean-in-Place, automated Barrel Washing Systems

– Capture, Filter and Re-Use Cleaning Solutions

• Reducing Winery Chemistry Footprints

– Adopt Potassium-based Cleaning Solutions

– Phase out of Bentonite, DE and Fining Deposits

– Capture, Filter and Re-Use Cleaning Solutions

Changing Practices for Improved Sustainability

• Fluidized bed Crystallizer for Potassium Bitartrate

– Dense vertical bed of moving crystals

– Only wine in the bed is held cold

– >90% of energy recovery

– Treated Wine is layered back into same Tank, there is low Energy input, Low losses, no DE

filtration, Recovery of Tartrate, eliminates a Tank Transfer, this also saves one volume of cleaning

water per Tank.

– Below Ground Construction for Thermal Insulation, gound Coverage of Walls, Summer Radiation

Solar Panels for capturing of roof radiation during Summer, Panels also contributing to Rain Water

Capture. Geothermal, Sub-Surface Heat Pump where suitable.

Potential for below-ground Structures:

• RainWater Storage

• Cleaning Solution Storage

• Carbon Sequestration System

• Vehicle Charging Stations (Electric or Hydrogen)

• Hydrogen Generator and Compressed Hydrogen Storage

• Soil-Insulated Hot and Cold Thermal Storage Tanks

Water Usage and Waste Management:

Wineries can produce up to five kilolitres of effluent per ton of grapes processed depending on the extent of wash-water recycling and whether storm-water is allowed to enter the effluent stream. Typical quantities of winery effluent are given in Table 1. Just under half the total effluent volume is produced within 12 to 20 weeks during vintage.

In contrast, Distillation produces relatively small volumes of effluent, mainly rinse water and spent (non-alcoholic) liquors.

Winery and distillery solid waste comprises:

stalks, seeds and skins (marc) produced during the crushing, draining and pressing stages, almost all of which is delivered to distilleries for the recovery

of ethanol sediments (lees) containing pulp, tartrates and yeasts from the fermentation stage bentonite clay and diatomaceous earth from the clarification processes much of which is delivered to third party processors for producing cream of tartar and tartaric acid. The amount produced depends on the extent of juice extraction, the number of fermentation and clarification stages used in the manufacture of each wine type and the type of equipment used.

A typical winery produces about one ton of marc per 9-13 tons of fresh grapes crushed, of which about 65 per cent is water. Distillation produces spent fruit and other dried forms of waste.

Odors from winery or distillery operations can be detected up to several kilometers from the site, resulting in loss of public amenity. These odors arise from poor design and management of winery effluent treatment systems, and the stockpiling of used bentonite clay/diatomaceous earth at wineries.

The effectiveness of buffer zones in protecting the community from odors depends on several factors, including:

Whether methods are used to minimize odors generated from effluent treatment, storage and disposal.

whether effective buffer zones have been considered at all stages of the planning process for the operation, including :

- the distance between sites on the property where operations are undertaken and the surrounding amenities.

- physical barriers , including topography and vegetation

- climatic conditions , including wind direction, speed and turbulence

By themselves, buffer zones do not protect the community from odor unless they are effectively managed. Most odor problems will be alleviated if the effluent management practices recommended elsewhere in these guideline s (ie di r e c t l and application of effluent and only short term storage of bentonite clay/diatomaceous earth) are adopted for new and existing wineries and/ or distilleries. Proponents, as well as operators of existing wineries and distilleries, are encouraged to discuss separation distances for buffer zones, and other related requirement s, with the relevant State or territory agencies or authorities and the local community.

Controlling spillages

Areas where accidental spillage of effluent or products could occur should be adequately bunded or sloped to waste drains and directed to storage or effluent treatment areas. Effective alarm systems should be installed particularly in areas where equipment malfunction or a spillage would cause pollution, to enable immediate detection of accidents and remedial action to be instituted without delay.

Biological treatment

The most common form of biological treatment is anaerobic and/ or aerobic lagoons.

Small package proprietary treatment systems are also available. Lagoon systems should be designed to take account of quantity, quality and intermittent generation of effluents, the likelihood of odors affecting nearby landowners, and the ultimate reuse /disposal method to be adopted. Lagoons should be designed to cater for maximum hydraulic and waste load and future expansion of a winery.