blood human biology 11. blood carries the necessities of life to the cells and takes waste from the...
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BLOOD
Carries the necessities of life to the cells and takes waste from the cells
What are the necessities of life? Oxygen Nutrients Hormones Antibodies
What are waste products? Carbon Dioxide
WHAT IS BLOOD?WHAT IS BLOOD?
Blood is composed of: Blood is composed of: Plasma (55%)Plasma (55%) Red Blood Cells (40%)Red Blood Cells (40%) White Blood Cells (1%)White Blood Cells (1%) Platelets (4%)Platelets (4%)
Bodies contain 5 L of blood
PLASMAPLASMA
Liquid part of bloodLiquid part of blood
Approx. 90% waterApprox. 90% water
The other 10% consist of dissolved The other 10% consist of dissolved substances that are essential for lifesubstances that are essential for life
RED BLOOD CELLSRED BLOOD CELLS
Also known as Also known as erythrocyteserythrocytes
Main function is to “pick up” oxygen molecules Main function is to “pick up” oxygen molecules and retrieve carbon dioxide moleculesand retrieve carbon dioxide molecules
Hemoglobin in the red blood cell carry the Hemoglobin in the red blood cell carry the oxygenoxygen
Gets its red colour from the iron in hemoglobin Gets its red colour from the iron in hemoglobin when it carries oxygenwhen it carries oxygen
Iron acts as an oxygen magnetIron acts as an oxygen magnet
WHITE BLOOD CELLSWHITE BLOOD CELLS
Also known as Also known as leukocytesleukocytes
Function to protect the body from infection Function to protect the body from infection and disease causing organismsand disease causing organisms
There are many different kindsThere are many different kinds
4 CHARACTERISTICS OF WHITE 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF WHITE BLOOD CELLSBLOOD CELLS
1.1. Capable of moving on their own and changing Capable of moving on their own and changing their shapestheir shapes
1.1. PhagocytosisPhagocytosis – surround or engulf bacteria and – surround or engulf bacteria and digest their harmful materialdigest their harmful material
1.1. Capable of recognizing Capable of recognizing antigensantigens, which are , which are chemicals on the surface of cells. This allows chemicals on the surface of cells. This allows the white blood cells to know if it belongs or is the white blood cells to know if it belongs or is foreignforeign
1.1. Produce Produce antibodies antibodies which are special proteins which are special proteins which are used to destroy the which are used to destroy the pathogensn pathogensn (Organsims that cause disease)(Organsims that cause disease)
VIDEO OF A WHITE BLOOD VIDEO OF A WHITE BLOOD CELL CHASING A BACTERIUMCELL CHASING A BACTERIUM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnlULOjUh
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PLATELETSPLATELETS
Are responsible for the initial stages of blood Are responsible for the initial stages of blood clottingclotting
Are not cells, but rather tiny fragments of Are not cells, but rather tiny fragments of white blood cellswhite blood cells
Contain a special enzyme that initiates Contain a special enzyme that initiates clottingclotting
ANEMIAANEMIA
occurs when there are not enough red blood cells to occurs when there are not enough red blood cells to carry all the oxygen the body requires.carry all the oxygen the body requires.
People who have this condition appear tired and lack People who have this condition appear tired and lack energy to work efficiently.energy to work efficiently.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZV5140OykE&feature=channel
TYPES OF ANEMIATYPES OF ANEMIA
The most common types of anemia:The most common types of anemia: Iron deficiency anemia Iron deficiency anemia –– Not enough iron Not enough iron
in diet which means that RBC can’t carry in diet which means that RBC can’t carry enough oxygenenough oxygen
Sickle cell anemia –Sickle cell anemia – RBC take on a sickle RBC take on a sickle shape (half moon or crescent) which shape (half moon or crescent) which decreases the amount of oxygen it can carrydecreases the amount of oxygen it can carry
HEMOPHILIAHEMOPHILIA
This blood disorder prevents normal blood This blood disorder prevents normal blood clottingclotting
Bleed for a longer time than others after an injury
Also may bleed internally, this bleeding can
damage your organs or tissues and may be life threatening.
LEUKEMIALEUKEMIA Cancer of bone marrowCancer of bone marrow
Most types increase the number of WBC and Most types increase the number of WBC and decrease the number of RBCdecrease the number of RBC
WBC reproduce rapidly but are ineffectiveWBC reproduce rapidly but are ineffective
The body is unable to cope with infectionsThe body is unable to cope with infections
With decreased amounts of red blood cells, With decreased amounts of red blood cells, the body isn’t receiving enough oxygenthe body isn’t receiving enough oxygen
MONONUCLEOSISMONONUCLEOSISAKA “KISSING DISEASE”AKA “KISSING DISEASE” Not really a disease of the blood but it does Not really a disease of the blood but it does
result in the production of large numbers of result in the production of large numbers of WBCWBC
Most commonly transferred through saliva Most commonly transferred through saliva (hence why it is called the kissing disease)(hence why it is called the kissing disease)
Thought to be caused by a virus that is not Thought to be caused by a virus that is not easy to get rid offeasy to get rid off
Symptoms include: fatigue, swollen glands, Symptoms include: fatigue, swollen glands, fever, and sore throat.fever, and sore throat.
HOW DO YOU SEEK TREATMENT?
Diagnosis – the process of identifying the disease or problem
Looking at blood samples can help diagnose the problem or disease
What do they look for? Number of Red Blood cells Number of White blood cells Number of platelets
THE PROCESS OF BLOOD CLOTTINGTHE PROCESS OF BLOOD CLOTTING
1.1. Platelets break open at wound site and Platelets break open at wound site and release thromboplastin. (reaction starts)release thromboplastin. (reaction starts)
2.2. Thromboplastin causes calcium and Thromboplastin causes calcium and prothrombin to unite and form thrombin.prothrombin to unite and form thrombin.
3.3. Thrombin joins with fibrinogen to form fibrinThrombin joins with fibrinogen to form fibrin
4.4. A network of fibrin threads traps red blood A network of fibrin threads traps red blood cells and forms a clot that plugs the wound.cells and forms a clot that plugs the wound.
BLOOD TYPESBLOOD TYPES
• Determined by the presence or absence of Determined by the presence or absence of antigens on RBCantigens on RBC
• Antibodies recognize RBC as our own and will Antibodies recognize RBC as our own and will bind to RBC that they don’t recognizebind to RBC that they don’t recognize
BLOOD TYPES A, B, AB, OBLOOD TYPES A, B, AB, O
• There are 2 kinds of antigens There are 2 kinds of antigens A and B A and B
• If antigen A is present, the blood type is AIf antigen A is present, the blood type is A
• If antigen B is present, the blood type is BIf antigen B is present, the blood type is B
• Blood type AB, has both antigen A and BBlood type AB, has both antigen A and B
• Blood type O, has no antigensBlood type O, has no antigens
ANTIBODIES AND BLOOD TYPESANTIBODIES AND BLOOD TYPES
Antibodies found in plasma are ALWAYS Antibodies found in plasma are ALWAYS opposite the antigen on RBCopposite the antigen on RBC
For example: For example: Blood type B has antigen B on the RBC so plasma Blood type B has antigen B on the RBC so plasma
would have antibodies for antigen Awould have antibodies for antigen A
Type AB blood have no antibodiesType AB blood have no antibodies
Type O blood have both A and B antibodiesType O blood have both A and B antibodies
THE RH FACTORTHE RH FACTOR
The Rh factor is an antigen found on the RBC The Rh factor is an antigen found on the RBC of most peopleof most people
If you have the antigen, you are Rh+If you have the antigen, you are Rh+
If you don’t have the antigen, you are Rh-If you don’t have the antigen, you are Rh-
The disease associated with the Rh factor is The disease associated with the Rh factor is known as Hemolytic Disease of the Newbornknown as Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
TRANSFUSIONSTRANSFUSIONS
If antibodies and antigens of the same type If antibodies and antigens of the same type come together, the RBC clumpcome together, the RBC clump
Why is this important?Why is this important?
If blood type A is given blood type B, the If blood type A is given blood type B, the antibodies bind to the antigens, clumping antibodies bind to the antigens, clumping the blood which can be fatalthe blood which can be fatal