Biology Chapter 2: Homework

Answer all questions on a separate piece of lined paper. Use complete sentences. Answers that cannot be read will be counted as incorrect.

Homework 2-11. Define atom. What are the three subatomic particles, what are their charges and where are they located within the atom?2. What are isotopes?3. What does a chemical formula tell you? Name two things. 4. Describe the following types of chemical bonds in your own words.

A. covalentB. ionicC. van der waals

Homework 2-21. In your own words explain why the water molecule is polar.2. Define cohesion and adhesion and what they have to do with hydrogen bonds.3. What is the difference between solution and suspension?4. Describe what the pH scale tells you.5. What are buffers and what do they do?

Homework 2-31. What do organic chemists study?2. What properties make carbon a versatile element? 3. For each of the following, answer the below questions: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

A. What is this macromolecule assembled from (i.e. its monomers)?B. What elements are found in this macromolecule?C. What functions does this macromolecule have?D. What is one example of this macromolecule?

Homework 2-41. Define chemical reactions. Be sure to define reactants and products.2. What is an activation energy?3. What is the purpose of an enzyme?4. Describe the enzyme-substrate complex.5. What variables affect enzyme activity?

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Biology Chapter 2: Study Guide

Section 1 Definitions

atomnucleuselectronelement

isotopecompoundionic bondion

covalent bondmoleculevan der Waals forces

Know where each subatomic particle is located and what its charge is Know who was the first to use the word “atom” and what “atomos” means Know which subatomic particles are heavier/lighter than others Know the charge of an atom Know what the atomic number and atomic mass indicate Know what radioactive isotopes are used for Know the difference between a molecule and a compound Be able to order the bonds in strength Know what type of bonding holds water together

Section 2 Definitions

CohesionAdhesionMixtureSolution

SoluteSolventSuspensionpH scale

acidbasebuffer

Know what makes a molecule polar Be able to name at least one molecule that is polar Understand hydrogen bonds and what they do Know the difference between solution and suspension Be able to identify the solute and solvent of a solution Know how you would identify a base or an acid Know how the pH scale works; what it measures Understand how buffers work

Section 3 Definitions

monomerpolymercarbohydratemonosaccharidepolysaccharide

lipidnucleic acidnucleotideribonucleic acid (RNA)

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)proteinamino acid

Know what organic chemistry is Understand the important properties of carbon atoms Be able to break down the meanings of prefixes (i.e. mono-, poly-, etc) and

suffixes (i.e. –saccharides, etc) Be able to list the four macromolecules and their properties and functions

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Be able to understand the difference between saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated

Know the structures of nucleotides and amino acids Know and understand the levels of organization of proteins

Section 4 Definitions

chemical reactionreactantproduct

activation energycatalystenzyme

substrate

Be able to label a chemical reaction as well as balance it Be able to list what is conserved during a chemical reaction Know the difference between a spontaneous and nonspontaneous reaction Be able to identify the graphs on page 50 as energy-absorbing or energy-releasing

reactions Understand the purpose of catalysts Know how catalysts are named Be able to describe in detail the enzyme-substrate complex Be able to determine the factors that regulates/affects enzyme productivity

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