BellworkBellwork

What does it mean to be What does it mean to be neglected?neglected?

ObjectivesObjectives

Define salutary neglect & explain Define salutary neglect & explain how it affected the colonieshow it affected the colonies

Define mercantilism & explain Define mercantilism & explain how triangular trade & the how triangular trade & the Navigation Acts relate to itNavigation Acts relate to it

England & Colonial England & Colonial AmericaAmerica

Salutary Neglect: English policy of leaving the colonies to develop on their own.The main goal of England: To make money

MercantilismMercantilism

Economic policy that Economic policy that states colonies exist for states colonies exist for the benefit of the the benefit of the mother countrymother country

MercantilismMercantilismEconomic ideaEconomic idea

Colony

Mother CountryRaw Materials

& Gold/SilverFinished Products

Navigation ActsNavigation Acts laws to limit laws to limit

Colonial tradeColonial trade All trade must All trade must

be done on be done on British boatsBritish boats

Colonies could Colonies could only trade with only trade with BritainBritain

Leads to Leads to smugglingsmuggling Mercantilism

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

Colonies

England

AfricaMiddle Passage

French & Indian French & Indian WarWar(1754 – 1763)(1754 – 1763)The first major step in The first major step in

the road to Revolutionthe road to Revolution

The French and Indian The French and Indian WarWar

A War Between France and England and A War Between France and England and their allies in Colonial North Americatheir allies in Colonial North America

Why?

The French and Indian The French and Indian WarWar Conflict between French and Conflict between French and

English over dominance in Europe English over dominance in Europe in late 1600s and 1700s spilled in late 1600s and 1700s spilled over into Americaover into America

In 1740 In 1740 a common interest in a common interest in Ohio River Valley led to tensions Ohio River Valley led to tensions between French and Britishbetween French and British

Both sides built forts to claim Both sides built forts to claim territoryterritory

Battle over the Ohio River Valley

The French had set up trading posts and forts in Canada and the Ohio River Valley.

American Colonists saw them as a threat to westward expansion

The French and Indian The French and Indian WarWar In 1754 George Washington was In 1754 George Washington was

asked to intervene for the British asked to intervene for the British and expel the Frenchand expel the French

Washington’s troops defeated a Washington’s troops defeated a small group of French but had to small group of French but had to surrender when the French surrender when the French counterattacked (Fort Necessity)counterattacked (Fort Necessity)

The British suggested that the The British suggested that the American colonies form an alliance American colonies form an alliance with the Iroquois.with the Iroquois.

Albany ConferenceAlbany Conference

During a meeting called the During a meeting called the Albany Conference between the Albany Conference between the colonists and Iroquois, the colonists and Iroquois, the Iroquois agreed to remain neutralIroquois agreed to remain neutral

The conference issued the The conference issued the Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union – – the first the first suggestion that the colonies unite suggestion that the colonies unite to form a federal governmentto form a federal government..

Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union(1754)(1754)

United colonial effort to United colonial effort to solve Indian problemsolve Indian problem

Strengthen colonial Strengthen colonial defensesdefenses

Leads to stronger colonial Leads to stronger colonial unityunity

Causes of French & Indian Causes of French & Indian WarWar

Desire to control the Ohio Desire to control the Ohio River ValleyRiver Valley

Lingering hostilities between Lingering hostilities between the French and British & the the French and British & the Indians and ColonistsIndians and Colonists

George Washington’s attack George Washington’s attack @ Fort Duquesne@ Fort Duquesne

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris(1763)(1763) Ends the WarEnds the War France removed from North France removed from North

America (for the most part)America (for the most part) Great Britain emerged as Great Britain emerged as

dominant world powerdominant world power Colonies have an increased Colonies have an increased

confidence in military confidence in military strengthstrength

The French and Indian The French and Indian WarWar

Why?Why?

1- Great Britain accumulates a massive debt

2- Begins to enforce laws and tax colonists

Vocabulary- Salutary Neglect

British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of laws, meant to keep the colonies obedient

The Colonies Grow The Colonies Grow DiscontentedDiscontented The British victory caused an The British victory caused an

enormous British debtenormous British debt Britain looked to its colonies to help Britain looked to its colonies to help

pay for the warpay for the war In the spring of 1763, In the spring of 1763, PontiacPontiac, chief , chief

of the Ottawa people, united several of the Ottawa people, united several Native American groups, including Native American groups, including the Ottawa, Delaware, Shawnee, the Ottawa, Delaware, Shawnee, and Seneca peoples, to go to war and Seneca peoples, to go to war against the British.against the British.

The Colonies Grow The Colonies Grow DiscontentedDiscontented

They attacked forts and towns along They attacked forts and towns along the frontierthe frontier

The British government did not want The British government did not want to pay for another war, so it issued the to pay for another war, so it issued the Royal Royal Proclamation of 1763 Proclamation of 1763 that that limited western settlement.limited western settlement.

ColonistsColonists were not allowed to settle in were not allowed to settle in certain areas certain areas without the without the government’s permissiongovernment’s permission..

The proclamation angered many The proclamation angered many farmers and land speculatorsfarmers and land speculators

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

Prohibits the colonists from Prohibits the colonists from moving west of the moving west of the AppalachiansAppalachians– Colonists upset: limiting the Colonists upset: limiting the

freedom rights of the colonists.freedom rights of the colonists.– Proclamation ignoredProclamation ignored

The Colonies Grow The Colonies Grow DiscontentedDiscontented In an effort to reduce Britain’s debt and In an effort to reduce Britain’s debt and

pay for the British troops in North pay for the British troops in North America, America, George GrenvilleGeorge Grenville, the British , the British Prime Minister, implemented new tax Prime Minister, implemented new tax policies in the coloniespolicies in the colonies

Merchants smuggled goods in and out of Merchants smuggled goods in and out of America to avoid America to avoid customs dutiescustoms duties, or , or taxes paid on imports and exports.taxes paid on imports and exports.

Smugglers were sent before a naval Smugglers were sent before a naval court.court.

The Colonies Grow The Colonies Grow DiscontentedDiscontented Grenville also introduced the Grenville also introduced the Sugar Sugar

ActAct in the coloniesin the colonies This act This act changed tax rates for raw changed tax rates for raw

sugar and molasses imported from sugar and molasses imported from foreign coloniesforeign colonies

The act placed new taxes on silk, The act placed new taxes on silk, wine, coffee, pimento, and indigowine, coffee, pimento, and indigo

Merchants felt the Sugar Act hurt Merchants felt the Sugar Act hurt trade and argued that it violated trade and argued that it violated traditional English rightstraditional English rights

The Stamp Act CrisisThe Stamp Act Crisis

To raise more money to pay for the war, To raise more money to pay for the war, Parliament passed the Parliament passed the Stamp Act Stamp Act in in 17651765

Stamps were required on most printed Stamps were required on most printed materialsmaterials

The stamp tax was the first direct The stamp tax was the first direct tax tax Britain had ever placed on the Britain had ever placed on the colonists.colonists.

When the When the Stamp Act took effect, the Stamp Act took effect, the colonists ignored itcolonists ignored it

Stamp ActStamp Act

First Direct TaxFirst Direct Tax use of stamped paper for use of stamped paper for

legal documents, legal documents, newspapers and playing newspapers and playing cards. cards.

stamp was to be proof that stamp was to be proof that the tax had been paid. the tax had been paid.

Extremely unpopular, Extremely unpopular, massive protests massive protests

The Stamp Act CrisisThe Stamp Act Crisis

The protests led to the Stamp Act The protests led to the Stamp Act being repealed in 1766being repealed in 1766

Parliament passed the Parliament passed the Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act, which gave , which gave them the power to make laws for them the power to make laws for the colonies. (an effort to assert the colonies. (an effort to assert its control)its control)

Sugar ActSugar ActNew tax: Lower than original tax

Goal: Stop smuggling

Colonist Reaction:Ignore it: Continue to smuggle

Colonial ConcernsColonial Concerns

Quartering ActQuartering Act: : British troops in British troops in colonial homescolonial homes

Admiralty courtsAdmiralty courts: No : No juries, defendants were juries, defendants were “guilty until proven “guilty until proven innocent”innocent”

““No taxation without No taxation without representation”representation”

Colonial ResistanceColonial Resistance

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress

–Petition: Petition:

- Please repeal the taxes

- Refuse to buy all - Refuse to buy all British goods, until British goods, until Stamp Act Stamp Act repealedrepealed

Boycotts:

What did the colonists What did the colonists need in order to boycott need in order to boycott English goods?English goods?

Homespun: Women make clothing in their homes

Colonial ResistanceColonial Resistance (enforcement)(enforcement)

Sons of Sons of LibertyLiberty

Radicals Radicals mainly from mainly from BostonBoston

Enforcers of Enforcers of boycottsboycotts

Sam AdamsSam Adams

Leader of the Leader of the Sons of Sons of LibertyLiberty

PropagandaPropaganda Committees of Committees of

correspondenccorrespondencee

ResultsResults

Declaratory Declaratory Act:Act: Parliament Parliament has the power to has the power to pass laws on the pass laws on the coloniescolonies

Stamp Act repealed

Townshend ActsTownshend Acts

1767: Punishment for 1767: Punishment for Stamp Act uprisingStamp Act uprising

““Indirect Tax” to pay for Indirect Tax” to pay for royal judgesroyal judges

British troops to enforce British troops to enforce the taxthe tax

““No Taxation without No Taxation without Representation”Representation”

Believed that only Believed that only colonial governments colonial governments could tax themcould tax them

Colonies had no Colonies had no members members (Representatives) in (Representatives) in ParliamentParliament

No voice or say in No voice or say in Parliaments decisions Parliaments decisions = no right to tax = no right to tax

Colonial ReactionColonial Reaction

Some colonists were against independence, but for “no Some colonists were against independence, but for “no taxation w/o representation”. They promoted the use of taxation w/o representation”. They promoted the use of petition to remove taxes, it that didn’t work….Boycottpetition to remove taxes, it that didn’t work….Boycott

The Boston Massacre

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre(March 5,1770)(March 5,1770)

British soldiers British soldiers fire on an fire on an unruly mobunruly mob

Crispus AttucksCrispus Attucks

What is a massacre?

John AdamsJohn Adams

LawyerLawyer Member of Member of

Sons of LibertySons of Liberty Defender of Defender of

British soldiers British soldiers accused of accused of murdermurder

Townshend Acts: ResultsTownshend Acts: Results

Decline in exportsDecline in exports– 1770: 1770:

Townshend Acts Townshend Acts repealedrepealed

Tax remains on Tax remains on tea tea

HomeworkHomework

Answer questions 1-10 in study Answer questions 1-10 in study guide, review notes, and highlight guide, review notes, and highlight key vocabulary wordskey vocabulary words

Tea Act (1773)Tea Act (1773) British East India Co: British East India Co:

Monopoly on Monopoly on American tea tradeAmerican tea trade

Lowers the price of Lowers the price of teatea

Colonists reaction: Colonists reaction: – Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

The Tea Act and the The Tea Act and the Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

Colonists opposed Colonists opposed the monopoly that the monopoly that was created by Actwas created by Act

Tea was actually Tea was actually cheaper but some cheaper but some Local merchants Local merchants were put out of were put out of business business

Sons of Liberty Sons of Liberty Protested by Protested by dumping tea in dumping tea in harbor. harbor. Disguised as Native Americans

Intolerable Acts (1774)Intolerable Acts (1774) Closed Boston Closed Boston

harbor harbor Massachusetts Massachusetts

charter revokedcharter revoked Colonists must Colonists must

house troopshouse troops Response to Tea Response to Tea

PartyParty

Colonial Colonial ReactionReaction 11stst Continental Congress Continental Congress

– Sept – Oct 1774Sept – Oct 1774

–Complete boycott of Complete boycott of British goodBritish good

–Restated allegiance to Restated allegiance to EnglandEngland

Lexington & ConcordLexington & Concord

Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Doctor Samuel Prescott rode from Doctor Samuel Prescott rode from Boston to warn Lexington and Boston to warn Lexington and Concord.Concord.

Paul Revere and William Dawes Paul Revere and William Dawes was stopped in Lexington, but Dr. was stopped in Lexington, but Dr. Prescott was able to continue to Prescott was able to continue to Concord and warn the MinutemenConcord and warn the Minutemen

Lexington & ConcordLexington & Concord(April 1775)(April 1775)

““By the rude bridge By the rude bridge that arched the flood, that arched the flood, Their flag to April’s Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled, Here breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled once the embattled farmers stood, And farmers stood, And fired the shot heard fired the shot heard round the world”round the world”

Lexington & ConcordLexington & Concord

British search for: colonial British search for: colonial weapons, Sam Adams and weapons, Sam Adams and John HancockJohn Hancock

Casualties: Casualties: –8 colonists killed8 colonists killed–70 “Redcoats” killed, 300 70 “Redcoats” killed, 300 injuries totalinjuries total

22ndnd Continental Congress Continental Congress(May 10,1775)(May 10,1775)

Government of colonies Government of colonies during the warduring the war

Create armyCreate army Name George Washington Name George Washington

head of Continental Armyhead of Continental Army Olive Branch PetitionOlive Branch Petition

– Last ditch effort to Last ditch effort to prevent all-out warprevent all-out war

– Pledged loyalty to the Pledged loyalty to the crowncrown

KING

Early BattlesEarly Battles

Fort Fort TiconderogaTiconderoga–Ethan Allen Ethan Allen & Green & Green Mountain Mountain BoysBoys

–Benedict Benedict ArnoldArnold

Bunker HillBunker Hill– Bloodiest Bloodiest

battle of warbattle of war– American American

victory despite victory despite abandoning hillabandoning hill

– ““don’t fire until don’t fire until you see the you see the whites of their whites of their eyes!”eyes!”

Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill

RecognitionRecognition

Several slides come from the Several slides come from the Power Point of bthone. US History. Power Point of bthone. US History. Smithtown, NYSmithtown, NY

Some have been changed Some have been changed slightly, but slides, slightly, but slides, 11,13,20,22,30,43,45,51, and 53 11,13,20,22,30,43,45,51, and 53 came from Mr. Thone’s PPT.came from Mr. Thone’s PPT.