AV SystemAV SystemAV SystemAV Systemyyyy

Twisted Pair anTwisted Pair anKarl Rosenberg Karl Rosenberg -- EE

krosenberg@krosenberg@krosenberg@krosenberg@

ms Designms Designms Designms Designgggg

nd Fiber Opticsnd Fiber OpticsppExtronExtron ElectronicsElectronics

@extron.com@extron.com@extron.com@extron.com

ObjecObjec

Video Signal CharacteristicsVideo Signal CharacteristicsggAnalog Video Loss and ComAnalog Video Loss and ComAnalog Video SolutionsAnalog Video SolutionsAnalog Video SolutionsAnalog Video Solutions–– Coaxial Coaxial -- Twisted Pair Twisted Pair -- FiberFiber

T i t d P i i A/VT i t d P i i A/VTwisted Pair in A/VTwisted Pair in A/VFiber in A/VFiber in A/V

ctivesctives

ssmpensationmpensation

TransmissioTransmissio

oaxialoaxialPA 300PA 300PA 300PA 300

Up to 150Up to 150

wisted Pairwisted PairMTP TxMTP Tx

wisted Pairwisted Pair

Up to 1Up to 1

ber Opticber OpticFOXBOX TxFOXBOX Tx

on methodson methods

Up to 600’Up to 600’pp

00’00’

MTP RxMTP Rx

18 miles18 miles

FOXBOX RxFOXBOX Rx

A l VidAnalog Vide

• RGBHV • RGBS• RGBHV • RGBSh Res Videoh Res Video • RGBS • RsGsBs/RGsB• RGBS • RsGsBs/RGsB

h Res Videoh Res Video

• Component • S-Video (Y-C) • Component • S-Video (Y-C)

n be eithern be either

• Composite • RF • Composite • RF

w Res Videow Res Video

F teo FormatsDecodedDecoded

= 5-Wire= 4 Wire= 5-Wire= 4 Wire= 4-Wire

B = 3-Wire= 4-Wire

B = 3-Wire= 3-Wire= 2-Wire= 3-Wire= 2-Wire= 1-Wire = 1-Wire= 1-Wire = 1-Wire EncodedEncodedEncodedEncoded

Analog SigAnalog Sig

Low Resolution VideoLow Resolution VideoLow Resolution VideoLow Resolution VideoLow Resolution VideoLow Resolution Video–– National Television StandardsNational Television Standards

Low Resolution VideoLow Resolution Video–– National Television StandardsNational Television Standards

720720720720

Field A

Field B

gnal Typesgnal Types

s Committee (NTSC)s Committee (NTSC)s Committee (NTSC)s Committee (NTSC)

262.5 Interlaced262.5 Interlaced

262.5 Interlaced262.5 Interlaced

Analog SigAnalog SigHigh Resolution VideoHigh Resolution VideoHigh Resolution VideoHigh Resolution Video–– Advanced Television SystemsAdvanced Television Systems–– Video Electronics Standards AVideo Electronics Standards A–– Advanced Television SystemsAdvanced Television Systems–– Video Electronics Standards AVideo Electronics Standards A A wide variety of market driven rA wide variety of market driven r A wide variety of market driven rA wide variety of market driven r

20p 1080i

oror

Satellite RxSatellite Rxoror

Blu-rayBlu-ray

gnal Typesgnal Types

s Committee (ATSC)s Committee (ATSC)Association (VESA)Association (VESA)s Committee (ATSC)s Committee (ATSC)Association (VESA)Association (VESA)resolutionsresolutionsresolutionsresolutions

1920x1280

x 1200x800

1440x

9001680

x1050

How far can a vHow far can a v

Distance limitations are baseDistance limitations are base–– FrequencyFrequency Pixel durationPixel duration

–– Type of cable being usedType of cable being used ResistanceResistance CapacitanceCapacitance

–– System capabilitiesSystem capabilities Cumulative system bandwidthCumulative system bandwidth What is the contentWhat is the content

ideo signal go?ideo signal go?

ed on:ed on:

Analog Video – DiAnalog Video Di

No defined distance limitatioNo defined distance limitatio–– Not forced to follow good desiNot forced to follow good desi

35’~50’35’~50’ 75’~100’75’~100’ 135’ +135’ +

Passive PlatePassive Plate

35’~50’35’~50’ 75’~100’75’~100’ 135’ +135’ +

Extender DExtender D

istance with Coaxistance with Coax

nngn practicesgn practices

Signal graduaSignal graduaSignal graduaSignal graduaSignal graduaSignal graduadegrades but degrades but visible long invisible long indegraded statdegraded stat

Signal graduaSignal graduadegrades but degrades but visible long invisible long indegraded statdegraded stat

Electrical CharacElectrical Charac

ResistanceResistance–– Opposition to the flow of electOpposition to the flow of elect–– Specification is given in OhmsSpecification is given in Ohmsp gp g–– Appears as lack of brightnessAppears as lack of brightness

CapacitanceCapacitanceCapacitanceCapacitance–– Electrical charge a cable can Electrical charge a cable can

Affects time it takes for cable tAffects time it takes for cable t–– Affects time it takes for cable tAffects time it takes for cable t How fast can the signal turn off How fast can the signal turn off

Appears as loss of image shaAppears as loss of image sha–– Appears as loss of image shaAppears as loss of image sha

cteristics of Cablecteristics of Cable

tronstronss / 1000 feets / 1000 feet in the video image in the video image

holdholdto charge and dischargeto charge and dischargeto charge and dischargeto charge and dischargeand on?and on?rpnessrpnessrpnessrpness

Cable LossCable Loss

Resistance and capacitance Resistance and capacitance pp

12’12’

Quality of cable alsoQuality of cable also impacimpac100’100’

Quality of cable alsoQuality of cable also impacimpac•• Limiting signal lossLimiting signal loss is ALWAis ALWA

•• Better cable less lossBetter cable less lossBetter cable, less lossBetter cable, less loss

s Artifactss Artifacts

work together work together gg

To affectTo affect•• BrightnessBrightnessTo affectTo affect•• BrightnessBrightness

cts the amount of losscts the amount of loss

gg•• ContrastContrast•• SharpnessSharpness

gg•• ContrastContrast•• SharpnessSharpness

cts the amount of losscts the amount of lossAYS better than compensationAYS better than compensation

Video ComVideo Com

Level controlLevel control–– Compensates for long distancCompensates for long distanc resistanceresistance

Peaking controlPeaking control–– Compensates for high frequenCompensates for high frequenCompensates for high frequenCompensates for high frequen Cable capacitanceCable capacitance Multiple system componentsMultiple system componentsp y pp y p

Controls are available on IntControls are available on Intsome Distribution Amplifierssome Distribution Amplifierssome Distribution Amplifierssome Distribution Amplifiers

mpensationmpensation

cesces

ncy lossncy lossncy lossncy lossRGB 203RxiRGB 203Rxi RGB 1RGB 1

erfaces, Line Drivers and erfaces, Line Drivers and

Electrical CharacElectrical Charac

ImpedanceImpedancepp–– Combination of resistance andCombination of resistance and

Video is a 75 Ohm matchedVideo is a 75 Ohm matchedVideo is a 75 Ohm matched Video is a 75 Ohm matched –– Mismatch in impedance canMismatch in impedance can

cause signal reflectionscause signal reflectionscause signal reflectionscause signal reflections

K i i i 75 OhK i i i 75 OhKeys to maintaining 75 OhmKeys to maintaining 75 Ohm–– Good quality cableGood quality cable–– Proper terminationProper termination

cteristics of Cablecteristics of Cable

d reactanced reactanceimpedance systemimpedance systemimpedance systemimpedance system

i di dm impedancem impedance

Signal Loss aSignal Loss a

Loss causes video to displayLoss causes video to displayp yp yLoss affectsLoss affects–– Rise time (increases)Rise time (increases)Rise time (increases)Rise time (increases)–– Amplitude (decreases)Amplitude (decreases)

Loss increases jitterLoss increases jitterLoss increases jitterLoss increases jitter–– If a pixel has no “shelf” then thIf a pixel has no “shelf” then th

l k t i i l hl k t i i l hlocks to a moving signal, henclocks to a moving signal, henc

and the Pixeland the Pixel

y poorlyy poorlyy p yy p y

he displayhe displayhihice shimmerce shimmer

Why Use TwAV Signal Tra

wisted Pair ansmission?

Wh TWhy use TwLong Distance Transmissiong– High resolution analog signals

over twisted pair cable compa

Up to 1500Up to 1500

12001200MTP TxMTP Tx

12001200PA 300PA 300

i t d P i ?wisted Pair?ns can be sent 2 to 3 times fartherared to coaxial cable

0’0’

MTP RxMTP Rx

Up to 600’Up to 600’

Wh TWhy use TwSmaller size cable– Limited conduit space Requires less space

– Environmental impact Historical buildings (run externa May eliminate the need to core o May eliminate the need to core o

0.357 in9.17 mm

0.792 in20.12 mm

0.240 in6.09 mm

0.118 in3 mm

MHR 5 RG6 5 Sk F SM Si lMHR-5 RG6-5 Skew-Free SM Simplex

Coax Coax Twisted Pair

Fiber

i t d P i ?wisted Pair?

lly)or trench flooror trench floor

Wh TWhy use TwImproved noise immunityp y– Audio and Video are run balan

RFI

Twisted Pair

CCoax

i t d P i ?wisted Pair?

nced so noise is cancelled out

EMI

Why use TwWhy use Tw

Use of existing cable infrastrg– Many facilities will have unuse

terminated twisted pair cable pthroughout the building that thIntegrator can use

Twisted pair cable can also bfaster and less expensive to compared to coaxial cable

wisted Pair?wisted Pair?

ructureed pre-pulled

he A/V

be easier, terminate

Extron VGA Cable

TP integratTP integrat

Compensating for long cableCompensating for long cablep g g– Level– Peaking

p g g– Level– Peakingg

Compensating for different pSkew

gCompensating for different p

Skew– Skew– Skew

ion into AVion into AV

e runse runs

pair twists (lengths)pair twists (lengths)

LevLev

Brightness loss due to cable Brightness loss due to cable gg

velvel

resistanceresistance

Level AdjLevel Adj

Restore signal level to 0.7 VogTo visually assess image qu– CrosshatchCrosshatch– Checkerboard – H pattern– Alternating pixel

RGBHVTwisted Pair

justmentjustment

oltality

No CompensationWith Compensation

RT

P kPeakSmearing and sharpness losg p– Low frequencies are comprom– High frequencies are rolled offHigh frequencies are rolled off

Normal H

kikingss due to cable capacitancepmised resulting in “smearing”f resulting in loss of “sharpness”f resulting in loss of sharpness

H Pattern

Multi-Stage PeakMulti-Stage Peak

Recover rise timeTo visually assess image qu– Crosshatch– Checkerboard – H pattern

Alternating pi el– Alternating pixel

RGBHVTwisted Pair

king Adjustmentking Adjustment

ality

No CompensationWith Compensation

RGBHRGBHTwiste

WiWire Determines if the cable has b– According to a standard - T56

MMapbeen terminated correctlyy8A

SkeSke

Relates to twist ratio per pairp pLength of the conductors wil

300’300’

ewew

rl vary between pairs

5 twists5 twists

319’319’319’319’

310’310’

3 twists3 twists

310310

SkewSkew Propagation delay between eMaximum time difference be

301’

319’

310’25

304’

300’

DelayDelay each pair

etween shortest and longest p

555

Pixel BePixel Be

Cable with skew delay of 0.2Cable with skew delay of 0.2y– At 30 meters => delay = 7.5ns

y– At 30 meters => delay = 7.5ns

1024 x 768 @ 60Hz

15 ns

1024 x 768 @ 60Hz

½ pixel sh

Pixel Clock = 65 MHzPixel Clock = 65 MHz

ehaviorehavior

25ns per meter25ns per meterps

ps

1280 x 1024 @ 60Hz

8 ns

1280 x 1024 @ 60Hz

ift 1 pixel shift

Pixel Clock = 135 MHzPixel Clock = 135 MHz

Effect of Delay Skew onsh

P2 P3P1PIXELS

SUB-PIXELS

Red Channel

0.7 V

0 V

0.7 V

Blue Ch l

Green Channel

0.7 V

0.7 V

0 V

Clock

Channel

5 V

0 V

n displays with 1/2 pixelhift

Digital Display

CRT Monitor

ffect of Delay Skew on dffect of Delay Skew on d

P2 P3P1PIXELS

SUB-PIXELS

Red Channel

0.7 V

0 V

0.7 V

Blue Ch l

Green Channel

0.7 V

0.7 V

0 V

Clock

Channel

5 V

0 V

displays with 1 pixel shidisplays with 1 pixel shi

Digital Display

CRT Monitor

Network CoNetwork Co

No match!No match!– Our signals can damage netw Some Twisted Pair products hav

– Our signals can damage netw Some Twisted Pair products havp

voltages Our signals are analog

N t k h d i d i d f

pvoltages Our signals are analog

N t k h d i d i d f Network hardware is designed f Network hardware is designed f

ompatibilityompatibility

work hardwareve large DC

work hardwareve large DC g

f di it l i l

g

f di it l i lfor digital signalsfor digital signals

Mixing and Matching TMixing and Matching TAll manufacturers follow theiCurrently no A/V standard inTransmissionTransmission

ed

Twisted Pair productsTwisted Pair productsr own product design procesp g p

n Twisted Pair signal

Fib O tiFiber OpticTransmTransm

AV Si lc AV Signal missionmission

Why uWhy uImmune to electrical interf

I t EMI RFI li ht– Immune to EMI, RFI or light– No common group required

Coax Receiver

Fiber Receiver

Power Line

Coax

Fib

Receiver

Fiber Receiver

se fiber?se fiber?ferencet i t iktning strikes

d – No ground loops

Bit errors

Bit errors

Why uWhy uSmaller than copper cables– Less weight and Cheaper to t– Higher density

216-fiber optical ribbon cable has samecables

se fiber?se fiber?

transport

e effective cross-sectional area as two (2) CAT 6

Why uWhy uLower Energy Consumption– Green” building initiatives Approximately 20% of the ener

based systembased system Fewer/smaller cables equal bet

se fiber?se fiber?n

rgy required for a comparable copper

tter airflow in racks

B fit f FibBenefits of FibeSecure transmissionResistant to ground loopsLow AttenuationLow AttenuationEMI/RFI ImmunityLightweight

i AV tr in AV systems

T i iTransmissiTransmitters convert electricReceivers convert light to eleTwo Types of Light sourcesTwo Types of Light sources– LED - Light Emitting Diode Multimode fiber cable Multimode fiber cable

– LASER - Light Amplification by St Singlemode and Multimode fibe Singlemode and Multimode fibe Extron uses lasers in all product

i M th dion Methodcal to light energyg gyectrical energy

timulated Emission of Radiationr cabler cablets

Fib OSinglemode - long distanceSinglemode - long distance

Fiber Op

• Core size 8 to 9 micrometers and• Only allows one mode/path of lig• Low losses typically 0.2 to 0.4 d

• Core size 8 to 9 micrometers and• Only allows one mode/path of lig• Low losses typically 0.2 to 0.4 dLow losses typically 0.2 to 0.4 dLow losses typically 0.2 to 0.4 d

M lti d h t di tM lti d h t di tMultimode - short distance• Core size typically 50 or 62.5 mic• Allows more than one mode/path

Multimode - short distance• Core size typically 50 or 62.5 mic• Allows more than one mode/pathAllows more than one mode/path• Typical loss 1 to 6 dB/Km

Allows more than one mode/path• Typical loss 1 to 6 dB/Km

ti C blesestic Cable

d transmits at 1310, 1550 nmghtB/Km

d transmits at 1310, 1550 nmghtB/Km Singlemode fiberSinglemode fiberB/KmB/Km Singlemode fiberSinglemode fiber

escrometers and transmits 850, 1300 nh of light

escrometers and transmits 850, 1300 nh of lighth of lighth of light

Multimode fiberMultimode fiber

Fib AttFiber AttAttentuation is the loss of lig– Extrinsic Splices

C Connectors End finishes CouplersCouplers Macrobends Microbends

– Intrinsic Absorption

S tt i Scattering

tienuationht or signal power

MacrobendMacrobend

PLLClock

8 Bit - RedAD

Multiplexer8 Bit - GreenAD

8 Bit - BlueAD

AAD

2 x18 Bit Audio

LevelTranslator Serial RS-232

T ittTransmitter

OpticalConverter

eceiver

OpticalConverter

DM

SSClock

PLL

R8 Bit - Red DA

G8 Bit - Green DA

De-Multiplexer

B8 Bit - Blue DA

DAu

DA

2 x18 Bit Audio

LossLoss

OpticalOpticalOptical budget

7 dB

Optical budget

7 dB

Optical budgOptical budgFiberM iMatrix

Switch

Optical budget Optical budget Optical Optical p

budget13 dB

pbudget

13 dB

BudgetBudget

OpticalOpticalOptical budget

7 dB

Optical budget

7 dB

get 7 dB MMget 7 dB MMr x

her

13 dB SM13 dB SMOptical Optical p

budget13 dB

pbudget

13 dB

ses of Fiber opticsses of Fiber opticsFiber based systems are employed in commercialemployed in commercial, residential, medical, military/defense, education,y , ,very large scale facilities.

, and ,