autocad 2d module 27 pdf

Learning Outcomes:

AutoCAD® Self-paced Learning Modules

AutoCAD 2DModule 27Polylines

When you have completed this module, you will be able to:

1. Describe a polyline object. Explain how to create, close and edit a polyline.2. Describe and apply the PLINE, PEDIT, DONUT, FILL, EXPLODE and BOUNDARY

commands.

PolylinesA polyline is a series of line and/or arc segments connected to create a single object. Polylinesare created using the PLINE or PEDIT command from straight line segments, arc segments or acombination of the two. A polyline, usually called a pline, can be edited with the PEDITcommand, given a width or can be converted back to individual object segments using theEXPLODE command.

2D or Lightweight PolylineSince the release of AutoCAD 14, polylines have been created as lightweight polylines.Sometimes called a 2D polyline, a lightweight polyline is greatly improved over the olderheavyweight or 3D polyline which was used before AutoCAD 14. Using 2D polylines allowsAutoCAD to regenerate the drawing faster which in turn allows you to work faster. You can alsosnap to object snap modes of the new 2D polyline.

In this module, only 2D polylines are taught. You will learn more about 3D polylines in theAutoCAD 3D Modules. In these modules, the term pline or polyline refers to a 2D polyline. A3D polyline will be called a 3D polyline.

AutoCAD Command: PLINEThe PLINE command is used to create a connected sequence of line and/or arc segments to forma single AutoCAD object.

Shortcut: PL

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Polylines The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright © 1993 - 2007 Module 27

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27 - 2 AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2007-04-13

Using the PLINE and PEDIT CommandsStep 1 Start a new drawing using the template Module Template A.

Step 2 Save and name thedrawing AutoCAD 2D Workalong 27-1.

Step 3 Create layers Object and Constructionas shown in Figure Step 3.Step 4 On layer Object, enter the followingcommand to draw a closed 2D polyline. SeeFigure Step 4.Command: PLINESpecify start point 1,8Current line-width is 0.0000

(The width should be 0.)Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @2,0Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @0,2Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-2,0Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: C

(Closing the pline.)Command:

Step 5 Without entering a command,

Figure Step 3

Figure Step 4

Figure Step 5

Command: PLINE

select the polyline you just drew and youwill see that it is one object. See Figure Step 5.Step 6 Enter the PLINEcommand shown below to drawanother polyline inside the first one.In this command you will beassigning a width to the pline. SeeFigure Step 6A and 6B.

Specify start point: (mid) P1Current line-width is 0.0000Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: WSpecify starting width <0.000>: .1

(Setting the width of the polyline to 0.1.)Specify ending width <0.1000>:

(Press enter to set both ends of the pline to the same width.)Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: (mid) P2Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: (mid) P3Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: (mid) P4Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: CCommand:

(Note how a pline can have 0 width or be assigned a width.)

...continued on page 27-3

Figure Step 6A

Figure Step 6B


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AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2007-04-13

A Closed Polyline

27 - 3

A closed polyline creates a polygon. A closed polyline or a polygon has many different uses inan AutoCAD drawing but will appear exactly the same as an open polyline. Therefore, it isimportant to be able to verify if a polyline is opened or closed.

Polylines are assigned a closed property. To check or change the closed polyline setting, usethe Properties window. Figure 27-1 shows the selected polyline as open as you can see by theNo value to the Closed property. On the other hand, Figure 27-2 shows how the polylinesproperty can be changed to a closed polyline.

Figure 27-1An Open Polyline

Figure 27-2A Closed Polyline

Creating Polylines from Existing ObjectsPolylines can be drawn from scratch, using the PLINE command, or they can be created fromexisting objects using the PEDIT or the BOUNDARY command. The PEDIT command is usedto convert existing lines and arcs into polylines and the BOUNDARY command will create aclosed polyline object using enclosed areas of existing lines, arcs and/or polylines.

Editing PolylinesTo edit a polyline, use the PEDIT command orthe Properties dialogue box. The 2D modules donot cover all the editing features of PEDIT. The3D modules cover the more advanced options.As you become more efficient using AutoCAD,experiment with the PEDIT command.

A VertexA vertex is the endpoint of each line or arcsegment of a polyline. See Figure 27-3.

Polylines The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright © 1993 - 2007

Figure 27-3A Vertex

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AutoCAD Command: PEDITThe PEDIT command is used to editexisting or create new polylines.

Shortcut: PE

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Method Abb.

Method of Selecting Objects

Description Display

all ALL Allows you to select all the visible objectsin the drawing. Visible means that thelayer the object resides on is On andThawed.

Using the PLINE and PEDIT Commands - Continued

N/A

Step 7 Enter the PEDIT command shown below to change thewidth of an existing pline. See Figure Step 7A and 7B.

Command: PEDITSelect polyline or [Multiple]: P5Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltypegen/Undo]: W

(Select the Width option.)Specify new width for all segments: .05

(Set the width to 0.05 units.)Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltypegen/Undo]:Command:


Figure Step 7A

Figure Step 7B


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Step 8 Without entering acommand, select the insidepolyline as shown in Figure Step8A. In the Properties dialoguebox, change the Global width to0.035. It should appear asFigure Step 8B.

Figure Step 8A

Step 9 Enter the PLINE command shown belowto create an open polyline as shown in FigureStep 9A.

Figure Step 8B

27 - 5

Command: PLINESpecify start point: 5,8Current line-width is 0.1000

(The width should be set to 0.1)Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @2,0Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @0,2Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-2,0Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:

(This is an open pline.)Command: PEDITSelect polyline or [Multiple]: P6

Figure Step 9A

Figure Step 9B

Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: C(Closing the polyline. Note how the last section has been added by this command.)

Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]:Command:

Step 10 On layer Object, draw the object in Figure Step 10A using lines, circles and arcs.The overall drawing should now appear as shown in Figure Step 10B.

Figure Step 10AFigure Step 10B



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Step 11 Enter the PEDIT command shown belowto create a polyline using existing objects. SeeFigure Step 11A and 11B.Command: PEDITSelect polyline or [Multiple]: P7

(Select one of the objects.)Object selected is not a polylineDo you want to turn it into one? <Y> YEnter an option [Close/Join/Width/Editvertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: J

(Enter the Join option.)Select objects: P8 1 foundSelect objects: P9 1 found, 2 totalSelect objects: P10 1 found, 3 totalSelect objects:3 segments added to polyline

(Joining the 4 objects to form one pline.)

Figure Step 11A

Figure Step 11B

Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]:Command:

Step 12 Without entering in a command, select the polyline that you created in Step 11. Inthe Properties dialogue box, check to ensure it is a closed polyline. See Figure Step 12.

Figure Step 12

Step 13 Enter the PEDIT command shown below and using the All object selectionmethod, create a polyline with existing objects. See Figure Step 13.Command: PESelect polyline or [Multiple]: P11Object selected is not a polylineDo you want to turn it into one? <Y>

(Press enter to accept Yes.)Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Editvertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: JSelect objects: ALL

Figure Step 13

(Selecting all of the visible objects in the drawing. The PEDIT command will find the objects that areconnected exactly at their endpoints and join them to form the polyline.

Command:



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Step 14 Using the Properties dialogue box, check to ensurethat the polyline you created in Step 13 was created and isclosed. Your drawing should appear as shown in Figure Step 14.

Step 15 Save and close the drawing.

Figure Step 14

Donuts

27 - 7

A donut is simply a circular closed polyline with an assigned width. Donuts are created with theDONUT command and are created with a width. They can also be completely filled in so thatthey appear as a solid circle. Since a donut is a polyline, it can be edited with the PEDITcommand and exploded with the EXPLODE command. See Figure 27-4 for 3 examples ofdonuts.

Figure 27-4Donuts

AutoCAD Command: DONUTThe DONUT command is used to create donuts.

Shortcut: DO

AutoCAD Command: BOUNDARYThe BOUNDARY command is used to create a closed polylineusing existing objects that form an enclosed area on the drawing.

Shortcut: BO


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AutoCAD Command: EXPLODEThe EXPLODE command is used to convert polylines plus many other AutoCAD objects back intoindividual objects.

Shortcut: X

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AutoCAD Command: FILLThe FILL command is used to toggle the solid fill display inside polylines, solid and hatches.

Shortcut: none

Object Snap Modes for a Polyline

Mode

Endpoint

Midpoint

Center

Quadrant

Abbreviations

End

Mid

Cen

Quad

Icon Marker The AutoCAD Object

Polylines

When you want to use the PEDIT command to convert existing objects intopolylines, the objects must be drawn perfectly with their endpoints meetingexactly. If they overlap, have a gap between them or are stacked on top ofa another object, the PEDIT command will not create the polyline.

The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright © 1993 - 2007 Module 27

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AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2007-04-13 27 - 9

Using the DONUT, FILL, EXPLODE and BOUNDARY CommandsStep 1 Open the drawing AutoCAD Workalong 27-1that you created in the workalong on page 27-2. Ifyou have not completed this drawing, do it before

continuing with this workalong. See Figure Step 1.

Step 2 On layer Construction, draw a construction line diagonallyfrom corner to corner in both squares as shown in Figure Step 2.

Step 3 Enter theDONUT commandshown below to drawtwo donuts on layer

Figure Step 1

Figure Step 2

Command: DONUTSpecify inside diameter of donut <0.5000>: 0

(Setting the inside diameter to 0.)Specify outside diameter of donut <0.8000>: 1

(Setting the outside diameter to 1.)Specify center of donut or <exit>: (mid) P1Specify center of donut or <exit>:Command: DONUTSpecify inside diameter of donut <0.0000>: .5

(Setting the inside diameter to 0.5)Specify outside diameter of donut <1.0000>:

(Press enter to accept default.)Specify center of donut or <exit>: (mid) P2Specify center of donut or <exit>:Command:

Step 4 Turn layer Construction off, and

Object. See Figure Step 3A and 3B.

Figure Step 3A

Figure Step 3Benter the commands below to see the results of the FILL command. See Figure Step 4Aand 4B.Command: FILLEnter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: OFF

(Disabling fill mode.)Command: RE

(Regenerating to display fill mode.)REGEN Regenerating model.Command: FILLEnter mode [ON/OFF] <OFF>: ON

(Enabling fill mode.)Command: RE

(Regenerating to display fill mode.)REGEN Regenerating model.


Figure Step 4A

Figure Step 4B


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Using the DONUT, FILL, EXPLODE and BOUNDARY Commands - Continued

Step 5 Mirror the lower object to match the dimensions shownbelow. See Figure Step 5A and 5B.

Figure Step 5A

Step 6 Enter the EXPLODEcommand shown below to explode theplines back in to their individualobjects. See Figure Step 6.

Command: EXPLODESelect objects: P3 1 foundSelect objects: P4 1 found, 2 totalSelect objects: P5 1 found, 3 totalSelect objects: P6 1 found, 4 totalSelect objects: P7 1 found, 5 totalSelect objects:Command:

Step 7 Note how an exploded plinelose its width as shown in FigureStep 7.

Step 8 Erase the inside arcs andlines from the object on the right asshown in Figure Step 8.


Figure Step 5B

Figure Step 6

Figure Step 7

Figure Step 8


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Step 9 Copy the object on the right locating the center ofthe large radius at X5,Y3.5 and then rotate it -45 degrees asshown in figure Step 9.

Step 10 Mirror and copy theobject to match the dimensionsas shown in Figure 10A. Yourdrawing should now match

Figure Step 10A

Figure Step 10B. Figure Step 9

Step 11 Create layer Boundary, color blue as shown inFigure Step 11. Make it the current layer.

Figure Step 11

Step 12 Enter the BOUNDARY command. Itwill open the Boundary Creation dialogue box.Ensure the settings in the dialogue box matchFigure Step 12.


Figure Step 10B

Figure Step 12


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Step 13 Click the Pick Points icon as shown in Figure Step13A. Then select the locations P7, P8 and P9 as shown inFigure Step 13B.

Figure Step 13A

Command: BOUNDARYPick internal point: Selecting everything...Selecting everything visible...Analyzing the selected data...Analyzing internal islands...Pick internal point: P7Analyzing internal islands...Pick internal point: P8Analyzing internal islands...Pick internal point: P9BOUNDARY created 3 polylinesCommand:

Figure Step 13BStep 14 Note how the BOUNDARY commandcreates closed polylines using the boundary of theselected area. The plines are located on layerBoundary color blue since it is the current layer. SeeFigure 14.

Step 15 To prove you have created polylines, movetwo of them away from the object using the MOVEcommand as shown in Figure 15. The exact locationyou move them is not important. Then using theProperties dialogue box, confirm they are closedpolylines.

Figure Step 15

Figure Step 14

Step 16 Your drawing should appear similar to FigureStep 16.

Step 17 Save and close the drawing.

Polylines The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright © 1993 - 2007

Figure Step 16

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Working in Feet and InchesUp to this point in the modules, you havebeen working in inches or millimeters.They both use the Length Type ofDecimals. When you want to work in feetand inches, the first thing you have to do ischange the Length Type to Architectural.This is done with the UNITS commandwhich opens the Drawing Units dialoguebox as shown below in Figure 27-4.

Pull-down the Length Type box and selectArchitectural as shown in Figure 27-5.

Figure 27-4UNITS Command

Pull-down the Length Precision boxand select 0'-0 1/16" as shown inFigure Step 27-6. You can change

27 - 13

Figure 27-5Setting Architectural

Length Type

Command: LINESpecify first point: 2,2

the precision as required in thefuture. Even though you set thelength type to Architectural,AutoCAD is still working in inches.Therefore, when you enter anumber and nothing else,AutoCAD will assume the numberis inches. For example:

(AutoCAD interprets this number as 2",2")Specify next point or [Undo]: @4,0

(AutoCAD interprets this as go 4" in the X direction.)Specify next point or [Undo]:Command:

Figure 27-6Setting the Precision

To work in feet and inches, enter a < (single quote) after the number of feet and a ? (doublequote) after the number of inches. For example:Command: LINESpecify first point: 2'3",4'6"

(AutoCAD interprets this number as 2 feet 3 inches.,4 feet 6 inches)Specify next point or [Undo]: @5'2",0

(AutoCAD interprets this as go 5 feet 2 inches in the X direction.)Specify next point or [Undo]:Command:

To work in fractions of an inch, enter the number as follows: 3'2-1/2" or 3'2.5"


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Try to avoid using the PLINE command to create polylines. They are mucheasier to create by drawing the individual line and arc objects using theLINE and ARC commands. Make sure they connect exactly at theirendpoints. Using either the PEDIT or BOUNDARY command, create thedesired polyline using the lines and arcs you just created.

When editing polylines, it issometimes easier to use theProperties window rather than thePEDIT command. The Properties

window cannot do everything the PEDIT commandcan do, but close. You cannot create polylinesfrom existing objects but you can edit the width,the vertex locations, and close or open an existingpolyline.

After you have enter the text to complete a titleblock, you can easily copy itto the next drawing. It is much easier to copy the titleblock text and thenedit the text to conform with the information to describe that drawing.Ensure you copy drawings in english units to english units and metric unitsto metric units.

The Key Principles in Module 271. A polyline is a series of line and/or arc segments connected to create a single object.

Polylines are created using the PLINE command drawing straight line segments, arcsegments or a combination of the two. A polyline can be exploded back to its individualobjects with the EXPLODE command.

2. A closed polyline creates a polygon. A closed polyline creates a polygon. A closedpolyline or a polygon has many different uses in an AutoCAD drawing but will appearexactly the same as an open polyline. Therefore, it is important to be able to verify if apolyline is opened or closed. This is done using the Properties window.

3. Polylines can be drawn from scratch, using the PLINE command but it is better to createthem using the PEDIT or BOUNDARY commands from individual objects.

4. AutoCAD always works in inches. If you want to enter numbers in feet and inches, youmust change the Length Type settings to Architectural using the UNITS command.


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Lab Exercise 27-1

Drawing Specifications

Time Allowed: 30 Min.

Name Template Units Text Style Font

AutoCAD 2D Lab 27-1 Module Template A4 Millimeters N/A

Layering Scheme

N/A

Objects on Layer

Construction Objects

All ObjectsInstructions:

Name

Construction

Object

Color

253

Red

Linetype

Continuous

Continuous

Lineweight

N/A

N/A

1. Draw the object shown below and check its accuracy using the key.2. Fill in the titleblock using the standard shown in page 20-10.3. Turn layer Key off and freeze layer Construction.4. Save and close the drawing.

CompletedDrawing


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Construction HintsDo your best to complete the lab exercise drawing without using the following hint(s). If you getstuck and can't complete it on your own, use the following hint(s) to help you.

Hint 1

Create the objects to be arrayed in three steps as shown below. Once they have all becreated, you will only have to use the ARRAY command twice to complete the object.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3


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Lab Exercise 27-2




AutoCAD 2D Lab 27-2 Module Template A3 Millimeters N/A

Layering Scheme

N/A

Objects on Layer


Plines made with PEDIT

Name

Construction

Pedit

Color

253

200

Linetype

Continuous

Continuous

Lineweight

N/A

N/A

Plines made with BOUNDARY Boundary 115 Continuous N/A

Explodes Lines and ArcsInstructions:

Explode 33 Continuous N/A

1. Start a new drawing named AutoCAD 2D Lab 27-2 and at the same time open drawing AutoCAD 2DLab 27-1 that you just created in the Lab exercise 27-1. If you have not completed Lab Exercise 27-1,do it first before you go any further in this exercise.

2. Copy the object from AutoCAD 2D Lab 27-1 onto this drawing at the location shown in the figure below.3. Make a copy 200 units to the right and scale it by a scale factor of 0.5. See page 27-18.4. At location A, use the PEDIT command to change all the arcs and lines converting them into polylines.

Place all polylines on layer Pedit.5. At location B, use the BOUNDARY command only, to create polylines of all the arcs and lines. Place

the polylines on layer Boundary.6. Copy the objects at A and B directly below the originals as shown on page 27-18. Lock layer Object so

that you do not copy any objects from that layer.7. At location C and D, explode all of the polylines. Place the arcs and lines created with the explode

command onto layer Explode.8. Fill in the titleblock using the standard shown in page 20-10.9. Check your drawing with the key.


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Lab Exercise 27-3




AutoCAD 2D Lab 27-3 Module Template C Feet/Inches N/A N/A

Objects on Layer Name

Layering Scheme

Color Linetype Lineweight


WallsInstructions:

Construction

Floor Plan

253

Red

Continuous N/A

Continuous N/A

1. Since the object you will be drawing is large, you will have to scale the drawing border and titleblocklarger than it is. Complete the following steps:

a) Start a new drawing using Module Template C.b) Using the SCALE command and the base point of 0,0, scale the border and titleblock at a scale

factor of 48. In Module 39 and 40, there will be a complete explanation of why this number is used.2. Using the command ZOOM and option E, zoom the drawing will to fit the screen.3. Using the UNITS command, change the units to Architectural with the 1/16" precision.4. Draw the floor plan of the house shown below. Use lines to draw it. Use feet and inches as unit input.

OUTSIDE WALLS ARE 6" THICKINSIDE WALLS ARE 4" THICK


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Step 1 Draw the outside boundary of the house.

Step 2 Offset the outside boundary 6 inches toward the inside of the house. Trim or extendthe lines to clean up the corners.

Step 1

Step 3 On layer Construction, drawthe center lines at the location of theinside walls.

Step 4 Offset the center lines 2inches on each side the centerline tocreate 4 inch walls.

Step 3

Step 4

Step 2


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Step 5 Here are some examples to help you if you are notfamiliar with drawing floor plans:

27 - 21

HINT: TO DRAW A DOOR WHEREWALLS ARE HORIZONTAL ANDVERTICAL, DRAW A LINE FROMTHE MIDPOINT OF THE DOOROPENING WITH ORTHO MODEENABLED. OFFSET ONE-HALFTHE DOOR WIDTH AND TRIM.

HINT: WHEN THE WALLS ARE INCLINED, DRAW A LINE FROM A POINT IN SPACESNAPPING PERPENDICULAR TO THE WALL. THEM MOVE THE LINE SNAPPING THEEND TO THE MIDPOINT. OFFSET ONE-HALF THE DOOR WIDTH AND TRIM.

CompletedDrawing

6. Complete the titleblock.7. Check your drawing with the key.


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