autocad 2d module 15 pdf

8/14/2019 Autocad 2d Module 15 PDF

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Learning Outcomes:

AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules

AutoCAD 2DModule 15

Offsetting Objects

When you have completed this module, you wil l be able to:

1. Describe and apply the OFFSET command to insert objects parallel to existing objects.

2. Describe and apply the ID command to establish temporary reference locations.

Offsetting

Offsetting is simply creating another object parallel to an existing object at a specified distance

away. This is done using the OFFSET command. It will change the way you draw asdemonstrated in this module. Lines, circles or arcs (plus other objects that will be taught inlater modules) can be offset.

AutoCAD Command: OFFSETThe OFFSET command is used to create an object parallel to an existing object at a specified

distance away.

Shortcut: O

2004-2008

2000-2002

When you offset an object, the newly constructed object will be on the same

layer as the original object regardless of the current layer. If you want thenewly created object to be on a different layer then the original, you willhave to change its properties using the Properties dialogue box or the layerpull-down menu after it has been created.

Offsetting Objects The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright 1993 - 2008 Module 15
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15 - 2 AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2008-01-03

AutoCAD Command: IDThe ID command is used to return

the coordinate location for a point

on the drawing.

Shortcut: ID

2004-2008

2000-2002

Using the OFFSET Command

Step 1 Start a new drawing using the template Module Template A.

Step 2 Save and name the

drawing AutoCAD 2DWorkalong 15-1.

...continued on page 15-3

Offsetting Objects

Object to be Drawn

The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright 1993 - 2008 Module 15


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AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2008-01-03

Using the OFFSET Command - Continued

Step 3 Create layers Object and Construction asshown in Figure Step 3.

Step 4 Enter the commands shown below tocreate the outline for the object as shown in Figure

15 - 3

Step 4. Draw on layer Construction.

Command: LSpecify first point: 4,4Specify next point or [Undo]: @-2.5,0Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,5.5

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @4.5,0

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-2.5

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-2,0

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C

Command:

Step 5 Enter the commands shown below to draw the circles

and fillets. See Figure Step 5.

Command: C

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: (mid) P1Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : (end) P2

Figure Step 3

Figure Step 4

(When possible, it is always better to show AutoCAD a distance rather then entering it on thekeyboard.)

Command: CSpecify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: (mid) P1

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : DSpecify diameter of circle : 1Command: FCurrent settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: RSpecify fillet radius : 0.75Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: P3

Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: P4

Command: FCurrent settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.7500Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: R

Specify fillet radius : .5Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: P5

Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: P6Command::


Offsetting Objects The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright 1993 - 2008

Figure Step 5

Module 15
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Step 6 Enter the commands shown below to trim the circle

to form the arc. See Figure Step 6.

Command: TRIM

Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=Extend

Select cutting edges ...

Select objects or : P7 1 found

Select objects: P8 1 found, 2 totalSelect objects:

(Press enter or space.)Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or

[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: P9

Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or

[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:

Command:

Figure Step 6

Step 7 Enter the commands shown below to begin creating the inside features using the

OFFSET command. See Figure Step 7.Command: OFFSET

Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] : .5

(Set the offset distance.)

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P10(Select the object to offset.)

Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] : P11(Select which side of the object to offset it on.)

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P12

Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] : P13Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] :Command: OFFSETCurrent settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] : 1.5(Set the offset distance.)

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P14(Select the object to offset.)

Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] :P15(Select which side of the object to offset it on.)

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] :Command: OFFSET

Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source

OFFSETGAPTYPE=0Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] :

2.75

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P16Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo]:P17Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] :Command:



Figure Step 7

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Step 8 Enter the commands shown below to insert the fillets between the offset lines.

See Figure Step 8.

Command: F

Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.7500Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: RSpecify fillet radius : .5

Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: MULTIPLE

15 - 5

(The FILLET command has a Multiple feature when you have to insert more then one fillet with thesame radius. Check this option on your version of AutoCAD as it differs and in some it is notavailable at all. In that case, you will have to insert all the fillets in separate commands.)

Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: P18Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: P19

Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: P20

Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: P21

Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: P22Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: P23

Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: P24

Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: P25Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:Command:

Step 9 Enter the commands shown below to continueFigure Step 8

creating the inside features using the OFFSET command. See Figure Step 9.

Command: O


OFFSETGAPTYPE=0

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] :

0.5

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P26Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] :

P27

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P28Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] :P29

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P30Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] :P31

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] :Command:

Step 10 Using what you

already learned, trim thelines to finish the bottomcutout. See Figure Step10A and 10B.

Figure Step 9


Offsetting Objects

Figure Step 10A

The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright 1993 - 2008

Figure Step 10B

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Step 11 Enter the command shown below to

offset the inside feature. See Figure Step 11.

Command: O


OFFSETGAPTYPE=0Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer]

: 0.25Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P32

Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo]: P33Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P34Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] : P33Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P35

Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] : P33

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P36Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] : P33


Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P38

Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] : P33



Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] :Command:

Figure Step 11

Figure Step 12

Step 12 Using the ID command establish a lastpoint (an @) and then inserts the four

circles using it as a reference. See Figure Step 12.

Command: ID

Specify point: (end) P41 X = 1.5000 Y = 4.000 Z = 0.0000(The ID command establishes a known reference point or an @ or lastpoint.)

Command: CCIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @0.75,1.25

(Now the @ can be used to measure the center of the circle from the end of the selected line.)Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: D

Specify diameter of circle: 0.25

Command: CCIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @1,0

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] :(Accept the default.)

Command: C

CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @0,1

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] :Command: CCIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @-1,0

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] :Command:




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15 - 7

Step 13 Select the objects you want to reside on layer Object. Click the layer pull-down

menu and click the layer name Object as shown in Figure Step 13.

Figure Step 13

Step 14 Freeze layer Construction

and your drawing should appear asshown in Figure Step 14.

Step 15 Save and close the

drawing.Completed

Drawing Figure Step 14

Using the ID command to set a reference point or the lastpoint is a useful

drawing tool. Once you pick an ID point, ignore the actual coordinates. Onyour next command, use the @ to measure a distance from the ID point.

Object Snap Modes for all Objects

Mode

Perpendicular

Abbreviations

perp

Icon Marker The AutoCAD Object



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Drawing Construction Techniques

Step 1 Start a new drawing using

the template Module Template A.Create layers Object and

Construction as shown in Figure Step 1.

Step 2 Save and name the drawing AutoCAD 2D

Workalong 15-2.

Figure Step 2

Command: L

Specify first point: 6.5,5Specify next point or [Undo]: @-3,0Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,.5Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-1.5,0

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,4

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @6


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Drawing Construction Techniques - Continued

Step 4 Using what you already learned, trim the lines to

finish the outline as shown in Figure Step 4.

15 - 9

Step 5 Enter the commands below to draw the circle

using a reference point. See Figure Step 5.

Command: ID

Specify point: (end) P1

X = 2.0000 Y = 5.5000 Z = 0.0000(The lastpoint or the @ being established.)

Command: CSpecify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:

@1,1.5(The center of the circle is now located using the reference

point established in the ID command above. Thesecommands must be entered back to back.)

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : DSpecify diameter of circle : 1Command:

Step 6 Enter the OFFSET command shown below to

insert the inside offsets. See Figure Step 6.Command: O

(Shortcut for the OFFSET command)Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] : 0.75(Setting the offset distance.)

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : P2Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] :

P3

(First the object is selected (P2) and then the side of theobject (P3) to place the offset. The location for P3 can beanywhere as long as it is above the line to be offset.)

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] :

(With what you already learned, finish the other twooffsets as shown in Figure Step 6.)

Command:



Figure Step 4

Figure Step 5

Figure Step 6

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Step 7 Enter the command below to insert the small

circle. See Figure Step 7.

Command: C

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan

radius)]: (int) P8(Snap to locate the center of the circle at the intersection ofthe two offset lines.)

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : .25Command:

Step 8 Draw a line between the centers of the circles.

See Figure Step 8.

Command: L

Specify first point: (cen) P9Specify next point or [Undo]: (cen) P10

(Draw a construction line from center to center of the circles.)Specify next point or [Undo]:Command:

Step 9 Extend the construction line to the circlecircumference. See Figure Step 9A and 9B.

Command: EXCurrent settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=Extend

Select boundary edges ...

Select objects or : P11 1 found

Select objects:(Press enter or space.)

Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]: P12Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or

[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]:

Command:

Figure Step 7

Figure Step 8

Figure Step 9A

Figure Step 9B


(The construction line was drawn from center to

center and then extended to the circumference ofthe circle to locate the tangent point for the arc tobe inserted next. A line between centers is theclosest distance between circles and also locates

the tangent point of the arcs.)



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Step 10 Draw the first circle using the center of

the large circle and the intersection of the tangentline and the lower circumference of the small

circle.Command: C

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan

radius)]: (end) P13

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: (int) P14Command:

Step 11 Using the same principle as shown inStep 10, insert the other two circles. Make sureyou snap one circle to the center of the small

circle and the other to the intersection of the Figure Step 10tangent line and circle circumference. See Figure

Step 11A and 11B.

Figure Step 11B

Figure Step 11A

15 - 11

(Circles were used rather then arc because it is easier to draw circles then arcs. Once the circle isdrawn, it can easily be trimmed to complete arc. It is a muchfaster drawing technique.)

Step 12 Draw a circle with it center at the intersection

of large circle centerline and the horizontalconstruction line. See Figure Step 12.

Command: CSpecify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:

(int) P15

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: .25

Command:



Figure Step 12

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Step 13 Using what you already learned,

trim the circles to complete the slot asshown in Figure Step 13.

Step 14 Enter the command shown

below to draw a line from the center ofthe larger circle perpendicular to theinclined line as shown in Figure Step 14.

Command: L

Specify first point: (cen) P16Specify next point or [Undo]: perp to P17

(It is much faster to type in the osnap modeperp then setting it in Autosnap.)

Specify next point or [Undo]:Command:

Step 15 Using what you already learned,

offset the lines to create top feature as shownin Figure Step 15.


Figure Step 13

Figure Step 14

Figure Step 15



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Step 16 Trim the lines to complete

the top slot. See Figure Step 16.

Figure Step 16

Step 17 Change the layer of the object

lines, circle and arcs to layer Object.

Freeze layer Construction to completethe object as shown in Figure Step 17.

Step 18 Save and close the drawing.

Figure Step 17

It is faster to drawcircles then it is todraw arcs. To

improve yourdrawing speed,draw a circle instead of an arcwhen an arc is required. Thentrim the circle to complete therequired arc. See example below.

15 - 13

Completed

Drawing

Before Trimming After Trimming

The Key Principles in Module 15

1. The OFFSET command is an important command and when used at the right times willimprove your drawing speed plus change the way you draw.

2. When you offset an object, the newly constructed, (the offset object) will reside on the

same layer as the original object regardless of the current layer.

3. The ID command can be used to established a known reference point or an @. The

reference point or can then be used in the next command.



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Lab Exercise 15-1

Drawing Specifications

Time Allowed: 30 Min.

Name Template Units Text Style Font

AutoCAD 2D Lab 15-1 Module Template B Inches N/A N/A

Note: Color, Linetype, and Lineweight are all < ByLayer< unless otherwise instructed.

Layering Scheme

Objects on Layer Name Color Linetype Lineweight

Construction Objects

All Objects

Instructions:

Construction

Object

253

Red

Continuous

Continuous

N/A

N/A

1. Setup the layers using the Layering Scheme shown above.2. Draw the object shown below using the layering scheme above.

3. Draw all construction objects on layer Construction.4. Check your drawing with the key.

5 If you have any errors, correct your drawing.6. Turn layer Key off and freeze layer Construction.7. Save and close the drawing. Completed

Drawing



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Construction Techniques

15 - 15

The following steps are the construction technique suggested by the author to help you learn

how to construct objects using AutoCAD. It is only the suggested method and if you cancomplete the drawing accurately using a different construct technique, that is what is important.You may want to compare your construction technique with the authors.

Construction Hints

Do your best to complete the lab exercise

drawing without using the following hint(s). If

you get stuck and can't complete it on yourown, use the following hint(s) to help you.

Hint 1

Figure Hint 1A - Draw the line

perpendicular to inclined line and thenoffset the inclined line.

Figure Hint 1B - Draw a circle with its

center at the intersection of the lines.

Figure Hint 1C - Offset theperpendicular line using the radius ofthe circle as the distance.

Hint 2

Figure Hint 1A

Figure Hint 1C

Figure Hint 1B

Insert offset lines as construction lines to locate the centers of

the three circles. Then draw the lines tangent to the circles.See Figure Hint 2


Figure Hint 2

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Lab Exercise 15-2

Drawing Specifications

Time Allowed: 60 Min.

Name Template Units Text Style Font

AutoCAD 2D Lab 15-2 Module Template A2 Millimeters N/A N/A

Note: Color, Linetype, and Lineweight are all < ByLayer< unless otherwise instructed.

Layering Scheme

Objects on Layer Name Color Linetype Lineweight

Construction Objects

All Objects

Instructions:

Construction

Object

253

Red

Continuous N/A

Continuous N/A

1. Setup the layers using the Layering Scheme shown above.2. Draw the object shown below using the layering scheme above.

3. Draw all construction objects on layer Construction.4. Check your drawing with the key.

5 If you have any errors, correct your drawing.6. Turn layer Key off and freeze layer Construction.7. Save and close the drawing. Completed

Drawing



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Construction Techniques

15 - 17

The following steps are the construction technique suggested by the author to help you learn

how to construct objects using AutoCAD. It is only the suggested method and if you cancomplete the drawing accurately using a different construct technique, that is what is important.You may want to compare your construction technique with the authors.

Construction HintsDo your best to complete the lab exercise drawing

without using the following hint(s). If you get stuckand can't complete it on your own, use thefollowing hint(s) to help you.

Hint 1

Draw the construction lines shown in Figure Hint 1and the circles on layer Object. Draw aconstruction line from the center of the bottom

circle to the center of the upper circle. Thenextend the line to the upper circumference of thecircle. This is the tangent line you can now use toshow AutoCAD the radius of the large circles. Seeexample on page 15-11.


Figure Hint 1

Module 15

autocad 2d module 15 pdf

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