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ARRAS commune, DIBRA countyMid-Term Development Strategy 2008–2015
Tirana 2008
ARRAS
DIBËR
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This strategic plan has been written by stakeholder groups from the Commune of Arras with advice and guidance from FLAG. FLAG do not accept any liability for the accuracy or content of the strategy; they do however congratulate the Municipality for the quality of their work.
Copyright © 2008 Commune of Arras, Dibër County
Designer and PrintingMaluka shpk
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table of contents
Page
I. Introduction............................ ................................................................................................. 5
II. Methodology.......... ..................................................................................................................6
III. Expected benefits from Strategic Plan implementation ........................................................10
IV. Implementation of the Plan ...................................................................................................11
V. Vision and Goals ..................................................................................................................12
VI. Local business survey ............................................................................................................14
VII. History of the commune ........................................................................................................15
VIII. Information and current trends ..............................................................................................16
IX. SWOT analysis........ ..............................................................................................................25
X. Matrix of the Strategic Plan ..................................................................................................30
XI. Forms on strategic development ...........................................................................................34
XII. Project fiches............... .......................................................................................................... 44
Annex
Annex 1: Decision of Commune Council .........................................................................................62Annex 2: Analysis of survey of businesses in Arras .........................................................................63
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Region of Dibra and the location of Arras commune
Zall Reç
Zall Dardha Lura
Arras
Muhurr
Selishta Luzni Maqellara
Tomin
Melan
Peshkopi
Kastriot
Fushë Çidhën
Sllova
Kala e Dodës Arras commune and its villages
Grykë Noka Gur i Zi Mustafej
Çidhën
Sinë e Epërme
Lazrej
Kodër Leshe
Arras Sinë e Poshtme
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Region of Dibra and the location of Arras commune
Zall Reç
Zall Dardha Lura
Arras
Muhurr
Selishta Luzni Maqellara
Tomin
Melan
Peshkopi
Kastriot
Fushë Çidhën
Sllova
Kala e Dodës Arras commune and its villages
Grykë Noka Gur i Zi Mustafej
Çidhën
Sinë e Epërme
Lazrej
Kodër Leshe
Arras Sinë e Poshtme
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IntroductionI.
I salute the contribution of those who participated in the preparation of the development strategy of our commune. The wide participation and the range of the survey, covering all positive and negative factors, makes this document relevant and consistent.
The planning of actions to be taken for our common future is considered as an obligation for all present and future generations, aiming at the continuous development of our commune, in order to reach a high quality of life.
The understanding and direct contribution of the local elected authorities in the development of this document not only shows the good qualities of the commune residents, but also represents a pledge for implementation of our commonly planned actions over the medium term.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Netherlands government, which through SNV and the fruitful cooperation with Dibra District and FLAG has enabled the conclusion of this Strategy using contemporary methods.
I appeal to you to consider this Mid-Term Strategy 2008–2015 of Arras Commune as a first reliable step towards rapid development of our whole region.
It is necessary to implement together with good cooperation everything we have planned, with the contribution of each one of us according to our possibilities and with commitment and good will, on behalf of our future and that of our children.
Anyone reading this document and with possibilities and willingness to contribute, howsoever, is welcome to join our efforts. I am sure that the community of Arras will greatly appreciate your efforts, not only for what you might do, but also for the noble intention of taking into consideration our development needs.
SALI TËRSHALLA HEAD OF ARRAS COMMUNE
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ymethodologyII.
The steps and actions taken during the process to compile a Vision and Strategic Plan of Arras Commune considered the fact that a Vision is a joint declaration from a community and other actors involved with it to try and achieve for an improved future. The present document, the Strategic Plan, shows how this Vision will become a reality. It specifies the main goals, objectives, programs and projects that will make possible the fulfilment of the Vision, and refers to the budget, human resources and legal issues that relate to the planned implementation.
Successful implementation of the Vision and Strategy will benefit the community in many ways. In particular it will:
1. bind the community2. identify new possibilities3. encourage participation of the local community in local government4. help improve the quality of local governance5. ensure better grounds for planning and decision making6. encourage working in partnership7. help achieve concrete changes that will improve the quality of life and economic
stability of the community
Preliminary stagepolitical involvement of Head of Commune and of other members agreed upon•setting up of a group under the leadership of the Head of Commune to guide the •processselection of staff and project leader•decision made about other groups that need to be involved to support the project•obtaining of external expertise•compilation of project planning and time frames•compilation of list with possible players to be engaged in the process•informing of central and local governments, as well as neighbouring local units, and •anticipation of their cooperationsetting up of supporting groups according to topic•
1st stageselection of data source and data to be collected•data collected from the respective sources•data analyzed to identify main trends•
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data compared•short report prepared, including description of main characteristics of the zone•business questionnaires conducted•profile of commune used to feed SWOT analysis•
2nd stageengagement of all players and analysis of main trends by making use of extended •meetings of Planning Commission and the questionnaires conducted with busi-nessesbrainstorming techniques were applied during data analysis•
3rd stagethe Vision declaration was drafted describing how the commune is currently viewed •and how it might be regarded in the future with appropriate use of imagination, creativity, objective reality, and analysis of data gathered about the commune from consultations with the local community. The Vision encapsulates the strengths and possibilities identified for the area in and around the communeSWOT analysis was conducted to specify the internal strengths and weaknesses of the •community, as well as the possibilities and dangers that come from outside factors. The analysis was based on data and information collected about the commune and its future. Focus groups, meetings in the community, brainstorming and other facilitation techniques were used to complete the analysisthe Vision declaration was finalized after completion of the SWOT analysis, which •was tested through focus group meetings or more general meetings in the community. SWOT was used as the foundation for compiling the Vision
4th stageAfter the Vision was defined work began to identify ways to reach it, i.e. ‘how to get there’, which included the following:
goals that are more achievable were identified along with specification of the direc-1. tionobjectives to reach each goal were identified2. for each objective possible programs were identified3. for each program possible projects were identified4.
The projects were, with the help of all the actors involved, presented in the form of project fiches, which gather all the financial and legal implications, and required
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yhuman resources, as well as assessing whether each project is realistic and achiev-able, and who will provide the financial and human resources for implementation and development.
The draft version of the material was prepared and approved by the Council of the Commune. It was the duty of all players to be involved in the monitoring and evaluation of the progress during implementation of the Strategic Planning.
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yExpected benefits from Strategic Plan implementationIII.
The benefits expected as a result of the implementation of our Strategic Development Plan (SDP) are multiple, but include the following as the most important:
provision of guidance to the commune council and administration during the annual •and mid-term budget preparation process, allowing for focus on implementation of the projects included in the SDPfocus applied to the human and financial resources available in the areas identified, •maximizing the benefits and making it possible to achieve the goals and objectives of the SDPstrengthened sustainable partnership in decision-making, with co-financing provided •by commune government and the business communityincrease in capacities of the communal administration, especially in implementation •of the SDPcoordination of activities of organisations and agencies responsible for implementa-•tion of different parts of the SDPdocumentation of the progress of local economic development in the commune using •forms for each development sectoridentification of expected results and establishment of a monitoring system, in col-•laboration with the community, in order to follow up on the completion of activities and evaluation of the results anticipated in the SDPdevelopment of an efficient system of communication between the commune govern-•ment and its partnersfacilitation of marketing of the potentials and possibilities of doing business in the •communeimprovement in the management system in the commune government to ensure an •effective implementation of programmes and projects in the SDPprovision of guidance for central government and donors to allocate funds and to •focus on available resourcesachievement of concrete changes in improving the quality of life and economic pos-•sibilities in the community
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Implementation of the PlanIV.
This document is the official Strategic Plan of our commune government and the institutions and enterprises under its control. Given that the timeframe for implementation of the Plan is longer than that of a political mandate, the success of its implementation depends on the continuous engagement of the commune government and our partners in achieving the objec-tives and implementation of the outlined projects.
The Communal Council, as the key factor in provision of support for the Strategic Plan, will provide guarantees for the allocation of funds for financing of the projects, and will discuss and approve the improvements suggested by the Planning Commission and the mayor.
The mayor and the person in charge for following up the implementation of the Strategic Plan will coordinate the programmes, projects and financing from central government, donors and local or international organisations, so that they follow and support the SDP. In addition, the mayor will initiate and implement adequate improvements in the management of the work processes and restructure the staff accordingly to facilitate implementation of the Plan. The success of the implementation will depend heavily on how the organisations and agencies involved in the Strategic Plan will manage the particular elements they are responsible for.
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yVision and GoalsV.
VisionThe purpose of generating a vision for the development of our commune was to enable the community to articulate where it wants to be in the future and to choose the path it would like to follow to get there. The vision will provide for the community and communal government a clear idea of what has to be done and how to concentrate their energies and resources.
The vision was developed by the Strategic Development Planning Commission, after con-sulting different segments of the community. The aim was to generate a vision that could be developed and accepted by as many actors and interest groups as possible, and which would provide a guide towards the preferred future of Arras Commune.
We believe that our vision summarises realistically the ambitions, desires and capacities of our commune. Our vision will be re-evaluated by the community, including the decision-makers in local government, in order for it to reflect on any necessary changes, new desires and circumstances and recent evaluations.
VISION OF ARRAS COMMUNEIn 2015, Arras Commune will be one of the most successful producers, processors and traders of traditional products in the County of Dibra, based substantially on the commune’s
resources and potential.
GoalsDetermination of SDP goals helps us to take decisions about the ways and means of achieving the ambitions and the changes we need. Even though some of the goals and actions required to reach the goals are not directly related to the creation of jobs or to attracting new businesses, the future of our community is based on sound foundations such as level of education and quality of life, commune infrastructure and services. In our view, businesses do not develop and flourish in and are not attracted to communities that do not offer adequate levels and quality of infrastructure and services required by a healthy business environment.
In order to achieve its SDP goals, our commune is focused on accessing its natural and hu-man resources. In order to develop the goals, the Planning Commission considered the op-portunities and threats facing the commune, its history of economic development and that of the region.
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Strategic Development Plan goals express the main directions in which the development of the commune will follow, and are listed below according to importance to local development and to the creation of a favourable environment for sustainable development. They are devel-oped through careful analysis of the vision and deal with issues crucial to the development of the commune.
A matrix is presented later in this document that lays out the strategic plan in an organized way, from Vision to Project, encapsulating the ambition, effort and initiative of the commu-nity and commune government to enable implementation of the Strategic Plan and the local economic development of the commune.
Goal 1. Support for planned economic development ensured through building of public infra-structure systems with demand driven standards, which create an environment for development of qualitative private and public activities.
Goal 2. Transformation of Arras commune into a place where businesses are preserved, enhanced and developed in the production, processing and trading sectors of mainly tradi-tional products and where capacities and resources are exploited in a rational way, in order to encourage quality services and tourism.
Goal 3. Achievement of contemporary standards of public services, in a climate of good cooperation between the community and the local authorities.
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yLocal business surveyVI.
A survey was carried out with local businesses in Arras commune in order to better understand their concerns, expectancies and exigencies. The intention of the survey was to gather organized information on the assessment of the business community of the economic situation in the commune, the perspective of doing business here, the conditions and regulations affecting local businesses, policies and practices that might hinder the development of existing businesses, and the community’s demands and requirements for the improvement of the business climate.
The survey on the business climate was developed in November 2007 with the participation of 25 businesses with different activities. The principal perception of the businesses is that the commune authorities do not have the adequate means and authority to support the development of small and medium enterprises. This perception could be a consequence of poor communication and dialogue between the commune authorities and businesses.
During discussions, the business representatives expressed the will for the local authorities to have more financial resources at their disposal, so that their capacity and possibilities to support the economic development of the commune might grow.
The insertion of business opinions in the development of the Strategic Plan was an important step towards initiation of the decision-making process. Through this step opinions of a group of people with a large influence on the economic development of the commune were analyzed.
Analysis of survey performed with production, processing and trading businesses
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History of the communeVII.
Arras Commune is located in the north-western part of Dibra District. It is 70 km2 in size and comprises nine villages with a total population of 5,600 residents. Arras is situated on the western bank of the River Drin i Zi, and lies 380 m to 1,800 m above sea level, by the Pllaja and Ruja mountains.
The territory of the commune has long been inhabited and historically belongs to the Çidhen region, which is also the name of the largest village in the area. There are several archaeological remains supporting the idea of ancient inhabitation of the region and signs of considerable development in different periods.
This region is the centre of the Kastriot princedom and is the birthplace of the Albanian’s national hero Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg. More information can be found in the National Museum in Tirana and in Marin Barleti’s book The History of the Life and Achievements of Skanderbeg (Rome, 1508).
The strategic geographical position, the convenient climate, the fertile soil, the excellent water resources and greenness of the area, have made it possible historically for this region to build an economy based on agricultural and farming produce. The diversity of microclimates and the position and altitude of the land have allowed the cultivation of a wide range of agricultural and farming products.
Administratively, following the installation of the totalitarian regime, the region became an agricultural and farming cooperative. After 1990 and the implementation of reforms concerning the return of lands, the families of the region began to establish their own small businesses but in an unorganized way with little cooperation between each other. The farmers were unprepared for the changes with little capacity for investment. The unconsolidated private market, distance from urban centres, overloaded infrastructure and emigration became additional negative factors that reduced overall productivity, creating a subsistence farming economy.
Today, the residents of this region have become more and more aware of the possible exploitation of the area’s real capacities and those that can be activated, as well as the elimination of weaknesses, in order for their activities to be developed for production, processing and trade, with acceptable economic results and higher profits.
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yInformation and current trendsVIII.
1. General information
Arras has a population density of 96 inhabitants per km• 2 in comparison with the average for Dibra of 73.4 inhabitants/km2.
After 1990, the population of Dibra decreased by an average of 16 per cent as a result of •emigration, whether abroad or elsewhere in Albania. The figure for Arras is much smaller, with seven per cent leaving the commune in recent years.
In Dibra, on average 21 per cent of families receive social aid payments, but in Arras the •figure is much higher: currently 40 per cent of families receive social aid.
Agriculture land covers 23 per cent and pastures cover 57 per cent of the territory of the •commune. The average surface area of agriculture land is 0.91 ha per family, while at the county level this figure is 0.94 ha per family.
Household income mainly comes from social aid, sale of produce, money from emigrants •and self employment. Household income per person is not known exactly, but is estimated at approximately 130 lekë per person per day.
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Vill
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no. of residents
no. of families
no. of incoming families
no. of departing families
no. of emigrants
no. of vehicles
no. of students
no. of children up to 6 years old
Agricultural land (ha)
Forests & Pastures (ha)
Pasturage (ha)
non-productive (ha)
no. of families with Social Assistance
no. of visits to Health centre
no. of teachers
no. of doctirs
no. of nurses
no. of commercial units
Arr
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816
72
532
637
346
220
215
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1112
545
140
7416
037
585
110
33
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777
233
611
635
150
6214
058
290
110
22
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293
820
320
230
1830
246
302
01
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312
114
25
344
6046
8015
548
20
11
Lazr
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712
03
736
616
063
7031
170
100
11
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355
101
22
223
3630
9032
828
21
31
com
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377
3155
347
401,
100
430
1,26
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277
162
555
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19
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15
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Com
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Adm
in. &
Arc
hive
Sec
tor (
1)
Civ
il St
ate
Off
ice
(1)
Hea
dshi
p of
Ç
idhë
n vi
llage
(5
)
Hea
dshi
p of
A
rras
vill
age
(3)
Hea
dshi
p of
Si
në E
përm
e vi
llage
(7)
Hea
dshi
p of
Si
në P
osht
me
villa
ge (5
)
Dep
uty
Hea
d of
Com
mun
e (1
)
Hea
dshi
p of
G
rykë
Nok
ë vi
llage
(7)
Hea
dshi
p of
K
odër
Les
he
villa
ge (3
)
Hea
dshi
p of
G
ur i
Zi
villa
ge (3
)
Hea
dshi
p of
La
zrej
vill
age
(5)
Hea
dshi
p of
M
usta
fej
villa
ge (3
) C
omm
une
Polic
e (1
)
Vet
erin
ary
Sect
or (1
)
Serv
ices
Sec
tor (
1)
Tax
Sect
or (0
)
20
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
y3. AgricultureIn Arras commune there are currently 1,200 ha of land available for exploitation for agricultural production, with a potential increase of up to 1,240 ha.
An area of 40 ha is dedicated for fruit trees, but this could be increased up to 150 ha. Vineyards comprise 9 ha, which could be increased to 15 ha. Pastures comprise 277 ha, and 48 ha are exploited for fodder production. There is a production of 40 tons of vegetables and 100 tons of fruit, but there is no local processing business. There are some ten large agricultural machines, and 40 vehicles used for transporting passengers and goods.
About 60 per cent of families have a small production surplus which can be traded. This produce consists mainly of white beans (about 200 Kv), corn (about 500 Kv), apples (about 300 Kv), grapes (about 200 Kv), fodder (about 300 Kv) and small amounts of vegetables, such as potatoes, etc. Medicinal herbs collected by the commune families go to market, including sage (about 500 Kv), thyme (about 300 Kv), primroses (about 20 Kv), wild hazelnuts (about 150 Kv) and small amounts of other healing plants.
Considering the tradition of agricultural production, there are capacities for increasing market produce of corn, apples, pears, cherry, white bean, grape, among others. There are also opportunities to cultivate hazelnuts, which have shown to have a profitable market.
Such increased productivity is possible through reconstruction of the irrigation system, provision of loans for agricultural machinery and through the training of farmers, as well as through the introduction of new strains of plants.
Another action to be taken is the organization and provision of a market for the planned increased produce, while the establishment of a local market for the agricultural productions must be considered.
4. Animal husbandryThere are currently about 6,600 head of small livestock with a predicted increase of up to 7,000 goats and sheep. There are 1,544 head of cattle with predicted increase of up to 1,700 head. Various poultry are reared, mainly chickens (about 4,700 birds) with a potential of increase of up to 6,000 birds.
21
Bees are traditionally kept in Arras commune and about 10 Kv of honey are produced annually with a potential to increase. Trout are also raised in a private hatchery, and currently produce 70–100 tons of fish per year, with the potential to increase productivity.
About 600 families in the commune trade farm produce, with about 300 Kv of beef and 200 Kv of goat and lamb meat going to market. However, no milk goes to market because of the difficult and costly transport. Instead it is processed, and about 100 Kv of cottage cheese and 10 Kv of butter go to market.
5. Road infrastructureThe level of road infrastructure level is very poor, which has created a considerable disadvantage for production and trading businesses. In order to get to the county centre, a producer has to travel 22 km to Peshkopi, along a road that is not asphalted and in very poor condition. Throughout the commune there are 84 km of roads, of which only 13 km have been reconstructed. There are 66 km inter-urban roads. The situation is expected to improve after the paving of the national road segment between Peshkopi and Muhurr.
The condition of these roads is considered key to the economic development of the region. Nevertheless, the commune’s roads have good foundations and could be developed with quality guaranteed investments.
The construction of a bridge over the River Drini i Zi would enable Arras commune to become a point of transit linking the regions of Lura, Rec and Zall Dardha. This bridge would also considerably shorten the distance to Peshkopi.
6. Water and electricity suppliesOf the nine villages in Arras commune, only Çidhen and Grykë Nokë (some 30% of the whole community) have a potable water supply. These villages have water pipes installed of total length 8,100 m and 9,200 m, respectively. The possibility exists of supplying another part of the community with water, through operating pumps in the system built in Çidhen. Two other villages, Kodër Leshe and Arras, have a distribution system installed and the operation of a water supply system in Soponika is expected shortly. One particular difficulty concerns the water supply in the villages of Lower Sina and Upper Sina. About 70 per cent of the community obtains drinking water from small springs near their homes.
There is a functional electricity distribution network in Arras, which has a sub-station with sufficient capacity for the whole commune. However, it is essential to increase the number
22
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
yof hours of supply per day, also through the low level of non technical leaks and the regular payment of electricity bills by 90 per cent of the residents.
Arras commune is supplied with electricity by Fushë Çidhën Sub-Station and the electricity distribution network is operative. There are ten electrical cabins and 20 transformers in good working condition. However, it is essential for improved quality of life and economic development for an increase in the number of hours of electricity supplied, especially given the low level of non-technical leaks and the regularity of payment of electricity bills. The average electricity consumption is about 40 kWh per resident per month.
7. transport and telecommunicationCommunity needs for passenger transportation to Peshkopi through the commune villages, as well as transportation for school children is mostly satisfied by 19 privately owned vans, which are not primarily used for this purpose. Valid minibus taxi businesses cannot be es-tablished because of the poor road conditions, low income of residents and the consequent low number of passengers. So far, only four vans and one minibus have been registered as a taxi service. Transportation of goods is also carried out by private means, sporadically and for small amounts.
The level of telecommunications is poor due to the absence of a post office and lack of land phone lines: only the mobile phone operators are functional in the region. Naturally, there is no Internet access, and only the local television station signal is received because there is no antenna tower that provides this region with Albanian National Television signal.
8. education and professional developmentThere are ten schools in Arras commune, including one secondary school, four nine-year primary schools and five elementary schools. The current number of pupils is 859, of whom 157 attend secondary school. There have been 33 cases of regular non-attendance of school. The distance walked by children to school is relatively long. Currently, 24 children attend higher education, eight of whom have just entered that level.
Needs have been identified for teacher training and the supplying of schools with teaching materials and books. It is essential for a literary and science library to be set up in the schools. Such a library would be useful to the school children, and to other residents after lessons. It is aimed for vocational education to be promoted and it is believed that 70 per cent of children that complete nine-year primary education attend vocational secondary education, and that 50 per cent of those completing vocational secondary education attend higher education.
23
Professional development is incalculable, and is required by residents that are aware of their need for development in order to face their challenges. Zall Dardha commune is planning professional development opportunities in priority areas, through establishing a qualification organization unit, commencing with the economic management of activities and other courses according to the identified needs. One short-term objective is to bring into operation the existing computer lab at the secondary school to be used also for courses for the public administration as well as for residents. Another common request is for the introduction of foreign language courses.
9. Health careCurrently, in Arras commune there is one health centre and four clinics in operation, with a combined staff of fourteen plus a family doctor. However, there is a need to increase the resources and improve the quality of the health care service. One requirement is the provision of essential equipment and the construction of four additional clinics.
It is necessary for personnel to be better trained in order to reach the standards required for a primary health service, in particular in the following areas: a) treatment of infectious diseases, b) mother and child, c) treatment of emergencies within the framework of a primary health service, and d) family planning and sexually transmitted diseases, as the area’s low economic level could cause this disease to emerge.
Currently, there are 50 long-term ill patients (or 10 per thousand residents). The birth rate is low and falling slightly, and infant mortality is zero. The overall natural and mechanical growth rate are low.
One problem that requires immediate resolution is lack of transport to hospital, since the condition of the road infrastructure is poor and there is no ambulance to transport patients.
10. BusinessIn Arras there are thirteen traders and service providers. The farms, all being small, have no business activity at all because of the small amount of local produce that goes to market. However, a need for training in how to manage agricultural and farming potential has been identified for the commune’s families. The basis for new production, elaboration and commercial business is related to both productivity and economic income. In Arras commune four transport businesses for goods and passengers has been established while the following are in process of registration: 15 trading businesses, one production business, five service businesses and one business for gathering of medicinal plants.
24
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
yThe income derived from local taxes and small enterprise taxes for the first nine months of 2007 reached 35,000 lekë, from land use taxes 173,000 lekë, from building taxes, 127,000 lekë, and from vehicle registration, 43,000 lekë.
Of the 1,377 families in the commune, only 60 per cent sell any excess produce. Consolidation of businesses related to agricultural production of 400 families and the animal rearing produce of 600 families is anticipated, along with the development of businesses for production, collecting and processing of medicinal plants, and for honey production and those related to services lacking in the commune. There is willingness for farmers to be organised for collection and trade of products to order.
Initiatives towards professional development and economics management will help the commune achieve its economical development objectives.
11. Assessment of touristic potentialsThe region’s proximity to highlands and to the attractive region of Lura constitute great potential for initiating summer and winter family tourism. This could be possible once the roads to these areas are improved. The creation of recreational gardens in which animals and wildfowl can be reared is another possibility and which would also help tourism development. Meanwhile, the banks of the River Drin i Zi could be also be exploited as recreational areas for the summer.
25
SWot analysisIX.
S–Strengths that can promote development of the commune
QUALITY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND AND PASTURES OF KNOWN GOOD QUALITYThis region is well-known for the high standard of its agricultural and farming produce. The arboriculture produce has been varied and this region has supplied other regions in Albania. Moreover, due to its high quality, it has also been exported.
APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENT FOR AGRICULTURE AND FARMING DEVELOPMENTThe environment of the region around Zall Dardha is in very good condition because, unlike other regions of Albania, there is virtually no pollution. Meanwhile, the climate is excellent for a wide range of agricultural produce. Frequent rainfall, the springs and vicinity of the rivers Drin i Zi and Seta, as well as the fertile land, are advantageous for the development of agriculture and arboriculture. The region is rich in forests and pastures, which are excellent for development of animal husbandry.
TRADITION OF WORK AND EDUCATIONThe inhabitants have a long tradition, generation upon generation, and appropriate experience as agricultural and farming labourers. They are also known historically for their good attitude towards education, as well as for their intelligence. The inhabitants of this region have demonstrated they have initiative, and they have created and implemented agreements with their neighbouring regions for collective protection of their properties.
NATURE IN THE REGIONThe region’s highlands and other areas of tourism potential, as well as the multiplicity of flora and fauna, can be exploited with the creation of natural parks, where the wild animals and plants can reproduce in a very natural environment, attracting tourists and hunters and climbers. Such activities can be undertaken in all seasons.
W—Weaknesses, and ways to overcome them
LOW EXPLOITATION OF EXISTING CAPACITIESIt is clear that the commune’s production covers mainly family needs with very little produce left for sale. This level of production is far from full exploitation of the production capacity of the commune’s land. This low level of exploitation is not due to lack of interest or incompetence of farmers. There are reasons for the inefficiency, which can be reversed through ensuring normal infrastructure, crediting opportunities, enabling of contemporary organs and assurance of collection and marketing, as these would promote maximum exploitation of the produce and of the commune’s potential.
26
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
yINADEQUATE ORGANIZATION AND INITIATIVESBeyond the objective difficulties, there are also weaknesses in the organization of common efforts and exploitation of the existing intellectual capacities, which are high given that there are certain individuals with great initiative and organizational skills in the field of business. Good organization of efforts is required along with encouragement of cooperation with support of the local and central authorities for common initiatives to be undertaken that are adequate, leading to considerable eco-nomic development.
POOR COORDINATION OF EFFORTSA climate of cooperation and planning of common and interdependent activities is non-existent. It is probably necessary to undertake specific research that would make the level of cooperation more concrete. It is a duty of the local administration and the most prepared people to put together proposals and develop research based on coordination of efforts and clear cooperation platforms.
PRODUCTION IS MAINLY FOCUSED ON FAMILY NEEDSAs long as the current situation continues, in which families produce only for their own consumption, there will be no agricultural and farming business in Zall Dardha. The small quantities that families sell are just a tiny glimmer of hope of economic development of the region. It is essential that the commune takes initiatives to encourage, firstly, a study on the opportunities each family has to produce for the market, and secondly, organization for planning annual production and then access to the market. Based on the produce, business associations present a good opportunity to initiate the organization of the effort.
SCARCE INFRASTRUCTUREThe local infrastructure is very deficient. It includes not only poor local irrigation and drainage sys-tems, but also poor road infrastructure, which is regarded as the most important factor in holding back the economic development of the region. There are also deficiencies in the potable water and electricity supplies, as well as the costly means of communication and these have a negative role in the economic development of the region. Good step-by-step planning towards improvement of the situation is crucial, and this ought to be based on a strategic plan, in which all actors in the commune could find themselves with tasks that require commitment and interaction.
o–opportunities to be exploited to help development
WILLINGNESS OF LOCAL AND CENTRAL AUTHORITIESThe commitment of both local and central government to develop initiatives in the community is obvious, with demonstration of good willingness for cooperation with all possible actors towards achieving the highest possible standards of economic development.
27
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENTCooperation with local and foreign investors, including the diaspora, and good organization and promotion can lead to improvement of the commune’s infrastructure for the development of mountain and winter tourism, and outdoor sports, including hunting. This opportunity exists because of the local topography and climate, its fauna and flora, and because of the general nation-wide improvement of road infrastructure, water and electricity supply systems and communications.
USE OF MICRO CREDITSAccess to micro-credits from banks operating in the county centre is becoming easier. The availability is based much upon the development policies of both central and local authorities, who are encouraging the banks to lend money to businesses, including farmers, in order to support the economic development of rural areas.
INCREASE IN TRADITIONAL PRODUCE BY FARMERSThe quality and quantity of land, the climate, organization of small farms and provision of irrigation systems can guarantee an increase in all agricultural and traditional arboriculture produce in the region. Given the past experiences, we can assume that productivity could be increased by at least 100–200 per cent. This can also be said for the traditional produce of animal husbandry, given the adequate pastures and fodder.
POTENTIAL FOR NEW AND LESS DEVELOPED PRODUCE IN THE AREAThe experience of businesses that have been tested has demonstrated the potential for marketing the commune’s less developed produce. The quality of this produce is guaranteed by the quality and quantity of the local water resources, the rich fauna and flora and an adequate size and relief appropriate for their cultivation.
APPLICATION OF MODELS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN FARMERSOne opportunity for improvement of the economic development of the region lies in the exploitation of international experiences in organization of cooperation for production, processing and trade of farming produce. This opportunity would be facilitated by professional and managerial development that will be provided with the support of the local and central authorities.
DEVELOPMENT OF GATHERING, PROCESSING AND TRADING BUSINESSESBusinesses that process agricultural and farming produce, and collect and trade are identified as necessary for the economic development of the region. Such businesses are essential because various produce can be processed near to the point of production, reducing costs of transportation with access to the market for individual products difficult to ensure but also expensive. Such businesses may
28
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
yencourage increased farm productivity, as planning, access to the market and sale of the produce are facilitated.
t—threats and ways to neutralize them
DELAYS TO ESSENTIAL IMPROVEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTUREDelays to improvement of road infrastructure and of water and electricity supplies, as well as failure to realise plans designed for the irrigation and drainage systems would, as these are the main reasons for the slow pace of the region’s development, have the effect of discouraging farmers to take initiatives that would increase productivity and transform their activities into businesses with guaranteed profits. Given that such improvements have considerable costs and still the only financial sources are the central authorities and foreign donors, there is a great risk of not achieving these objectives in a timely manner. The local authorities must do their part in preparing the necessary documentation and in undertaking adequate lobbying for their goals to be reached based on the strategic development plan.
LACK OF COMMITMENT OF FARMERS IN COMMON INITIATIVESAnother serious threat is the low engagement of farmers in common initiatives, due to mistrust or misunderstanding of the importance of such initiatives. It is the responsibility of the local authorities to raise awareness and provide training to increase farmers’ understanding for them to improve their management and planning skills. Such initiatives should be integral parts of the short-term strategic plans. It is also suggested that reliable studies be performed that increase reliance on achievement of common initiatives that aim at the development of their businesses.
EMIGRATION OF YOUNG QUALIFIED WORKFORCEAnother risk is emigration of qualified residents, whether abroad or to large conurbations. There are many people who for economic reasons would prefer to leave their property in the commune. This part of the population is very active and their emigration represents a real loss for the community. Materialization of research and training for local residents in business development opportunities with considerable profits, sometimes higher than the income they might gain from emigrating, is here emphasised.
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONDegradation of agricultural land, forests, pastures and other assets important to farming development must be fully understood if it is to be reversed. Measures must be taken quickly to stop this phenomenon and improve the situation. The creation of a climate of confidence in the success of local businesses as well as centralized investments will develop the appropriate conditions.
29
INADEQUATE ENGAGEMENT OF CENTRAL AUTHORITIES TO IMPROVE THE SITUATIONOne more threat to be considered and discouraged as soon as possible is inadequate engagement of either local or central public administrations. The situation is exacerbated by the issue of the construction of the Skavica hydroelectric power station, a project that is currently in abeyance. The construction of a lake for the power station would inundate most areas of some villages. It is essential to study and include in the strategic plans possible solutions to preventing any damaging social effects and harmful consequences.
30
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
ym
atri
x of
the
Stra
tegi
c Pl
anX
. In 2
015,
Arr
as C
omm
une
will
be
one
of th
e m
ost s
ucce
ssfu
l pro
duce
rs, p
roce
ssor
s and
trad
ers i
n D
ibra
Dis
trict
for t
radi
tiona
l pro
duct
s, ba
sed
subs
tant
ially
on
the
com
mun
e re
sour
ces a
nd p
oten
tial
Goa
lFi
eld
obj
ectiv
ePr
ogra
mm
ePr
ojec
tn
o.
G1: Support for planned economic development ensured through building of public infrastructure systems with demand driven standards, which create an
environment for development of qualitative private and public activities
transport and tel-ecommunications
Obj
ectiv
e 1.
1
Incl
usio
n of
com
mun
e in
nat
iona
l co
mm
unic
atio
ns sy
stem
and
est
ab-
lishm
ent o
f an
effe
ctiv
e tra
nspo
rt sy
stem
1.1.
1C
omm
unic
atio
ns
Infr
astru
ctur
e
Des
ign
and
setti
ng u
p of
cab
le p
hone
con
nect
ion
with
nat
iona
l ne
twor
k, a
nd fu
nctio
ning
of t
he p
osta
l ser
vice
1In
stal
latio
n of
TV
ant
enna
to
enab
le b
road
cast
ing
of p
ublic
TV
ch
anne
ls in
com
mun
e2
1.1.
2O
rgan
izat
ion
of
trans
port
Org
aniz
atio
n of
tran
spor
t disp
atch
er w
ith co
mm
une’
s veh
icle
ow
ners
3
Esta
blish
men
t and
ava
ilabi
lity
of tr
ansp
orta
tion
for s
choo
l chi
ldre
n4
Road infrastructure
Obj
ectiv
e 1.
2
Bui
ldin
g ro
ad in
fras
truct
ure
with
st
anda
rds t
hat w
ill sa
tisfy
the
need
s of
the
com
mun
ity a
nd b
usin
esse
s an
d th
at w
ill h
elp
acce
lera
te th
e ec
onom
ic a
nd so
cial
dev
elop
men
t of
the
com
mun
e
1.2.
1R
oad
infr
astru
ctur
e
Con
stru
ctio
n, a
rran
gem
ent a
nd p
avin
g of
com
mun
ity c
entre
5D
esig
n an
d co
nstru
ctio
n of
road
from
Laz
rej t
o G
ur i
Zi6
Des
ign
and
cons
truct
ion
of ro
ad fr
om G
ryk
Nok
ë to
Pra
të7
Pavi
ng o
f int
erna
l roa
ds in
the
urba
n ar
eas o
f the
regi
on8
Con
stru
ctio
n of
road
s with
in S
inë
e Po
shtm
e V
illag
e9
Pavi
ng o
f nat
iona
l roa
d fr
om M
uhur
r to
Arr
as10
Pavi
ng o
f Zal
l Sin
ë–Si
në ro
ad11
Pavi
ng o
f Arr
as–Ç
idhë
n ro
ad12
Pavi
ng o
f Çid
hën–
Gry
kë N
okë
road
13Pa
ving
of A
rras
–Mus
tafe
–Gur
i Zi
road
14D
esig
n an
d co
nstru
ctio
n of
tra
ffic
brid
ge o
ver
Riv
er D
rini
i Zi
, lin
king
Arr
as w
ith F
ushë
Çid
hën
15
Water and electricity supply
Obj
ectiv
e 1.
3 In
stal
latio
n of
wat
er su
pply
, ele
c-tri
city
net
wor
k an
d se
wag
e sy
stem
s to
leve
ls th
at su
ppor
t a g
ood
qual
-ity
of l
ife fo
r the
com
mun
ity
1.3.
1W
ater
supp
ly in
fra-
stru
ctur
e
Des
ign
and
inst
alla
tion
of a
wat
er su
pply
syst
em in
Sin
ë e P
osht
me
Vill
age
16
Des
ign
and
insta
llatio
n of
a w
ater
supp
ly sy
stem
in U
pper
Sin
a Vill
age
17D
esig
n an
d in
stalla
tion
of a
wat
er su
pply
syste
m in
Mus
tafe
j Vill
age
18C
onst
ruct
ion
of re
serv
oir f
or G
rykë
Nok
ë V
illag
e19
Fina
lizat
ion
of w
ater
supp
ly sy
stem
for S
opon
ika
201.
3.2
Sani
tatio
n in
fra-
stru
ctur
eC
onst
ruct
ion
of se
wag
e sy
stem
for Ç
idhë
n V
illag
e21
31
Goa
lFi
eld
obj
ectiv
ePr
ogra
mm
ePr
ojec
tn
o.
G2: Transformation of Arras commune into a place where businesses are preserved, enhanced and developed in the production, processing and trading sectors of mainly
traditional products and where capacities and resources are exploited in a rational way, in order to encourage quality services and tourism
Agriculture
Obj
ectiv
e 2.
1In
crea
se in
qua
ntity
and
qua
lity
of a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
ce w
ith th
e de
stin
atio
n m
arke
t gua
rant
eed
2.1.
1Ir
rigat
ion
and
drai
nage
infr
astru
c-tu
re fo
r agr
icul
ture
Rec
onst
ruct
ion
of e
xist
ing
30 k
m-lo
ng ir
rigat
ion
syst
em22
Con
stru
ctio
n of
irrig
atio
n sy
stem
for
land
bel
ow th
e le
vel o
f th
e R
iver
Set
a23
Con
stru
ctio
n of
dam
s alo
ng D
rini a
nd S
eta
river
s24
Purifi
catio
n of
dra
inag
e cha
nnel
s in
Zall-
Sinë
, Bar
naj,
Brra
ka, C
eka,
M
usta
fej v
illag
es (1
50 h
a)25
2.1.
2C
apac
ity b
uild
ing
Prov
isio
n of
trai
ning
cou
rses
for f
arm
ers o
n ag
ricul
tura
l iss
ues a
nd
use
of a
gric
ultu
ral m
achi
nery
26
Esta
blis
hmen
t of A
gric
ultu
re F
arm
ers’
Ass
ocia
tion
27
non-agricultural business
Obj
ectiv
e 2.
2A
rras
will
be
the
mos
t suc
cess
ful
prod
ucer
, pro
cess
or a
nd tr
ader
in
Dib
ra re
gion
whe
n it
com
es to
tra-
ditio
nal f
ruit
prod
uctio
n, a
gric
ul-
ture
and
farm
ing
prod
uce,
fish
and
m
edic
inal
her
bs
2.2.
1Ve
terin
ary
serv
ice
Perio
dic
vacc
inat
ion
of c
attle
and
sm
all
lives
tock
acc
ordi
ng t
o re
gula
tions
28
Esta
blis
hmen
t of a
rtific
ial b
reed
ing
cent
re29
2.2.
2En
cour
agin
g es
tabl
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sine
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Con
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dia
ry fo
r col
lect
ion
and
proc
essi
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f dai
ry p
rodu
ce
in G
ryk
Nok
ë30
2.2.
3C
arry
ing
out a
gri-
cultu
re su
rvey
Dev
elop
men
t of r
esea
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into
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aditi
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win
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oduc
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acc
ordi
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eman
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31C
arry
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out o
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earc
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to p
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tial o
f cul
tivat
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and
proc
essi
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of sa
ge fo
r exp
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32
Car
ryin
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t of r
esea
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for c
attle
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prov
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t33
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t of r
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into
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s for
culti
vatio
n of
haz
el-
nuts
, inc
ludi
ng g
athe
ring
and
proc
essi
ng34
2.2.
4C
apac
ity b
uild
ing
Org
aniz
atio
n of
qua
lifica
tion
cour
ses i
n ca
ttle
stoc
k im
prov
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t35
Org
aniz
atio
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qua
lifica
tion
cour
ses i
n fr
uit-g
row
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36O
rgan
izat
ion
of q
ualifi
catio
n co
urse
s for
api
cultu
rists
and
cul
tiva-
tors
of m
edic
inal
her
bs37
Org
aniz
atio
n of
qua
lifica
tion
cour
ses f
or st
ockb
reed
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38O
rgan
izat
ion
of c
ours
e in
fina
ncia
l man
agem
ent o
f sm
all f
arm
s 39
1.1.
5 O
rgan
izat
ion
ca-
paci
ty b
uild
ing
Esta
blis
hmen
t of M
edic
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Her
b C
olle
ctor
s’ A
ssoc
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blis
hmen
t of s
truct
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or p
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prod
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sed
to th
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arke
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ands
, at c
omm
une
leve
l (IN
GEK
) 41
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blis
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ives
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Far
mer
s’ A
ssoc
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n42
32
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
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yG
oal
Fiel
do
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tive
Prog
ram
me
Proj
ect
no.
2.2.
6C
arry
ing
out e
lect
ricity
su
rvey
Surv
ey in
to p
ossi
bilit
y of
bui
ldin
g sm
all H
ECs o
n R
iver
Set
a43
tourism
Obj
ectiv
e 2.
3C
reat
ion
of a
dequ
ate
con-
ditio
ns fo
r dev
elop
men
t of
eco-
tour
ism
and
supp
ort
of m
ount
ain
and
fam
ily
tour
ism
2.3.
1C
arry
ing
out
tour
ism
su
rvey
Des
ign
of r
esea
rch
into
ide
ntify
ing
oppo
rtuni
ties
for
tour
ism
de
velo
pmen
t44
Des
ign
of re
sear
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to th
e cre
atio
n of
new
hun
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park
s, st
imu-
latin
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e cu
ltiva
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of w
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nd w
ildfo
wl
45
2.3.
2C
apac
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uild
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Car
ryin
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t cou
rses
on
prom
otin
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mily
, mou
ntai
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d ec
o-to
uris
m46
G3: Achievement of contemporary standards of public services, in a climate of good cooperation between the
community and the local authorities
Governance and administration
Obj
ectiv
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oder
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of c
om-
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min
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to
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litat
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omm
une
3.1.
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truct
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Rec
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ruct
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and
build
ing
of e
xten
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for
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com
mun
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ildin
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alla
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of e
quip
men
t for
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aff
and
train
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for
them
in h
ow to
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it48
3.1.
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omm
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dmin
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rgan
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fact
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ata
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-is
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acc
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are
54
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tifica
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3.1.
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Car
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surv
ey o
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ficie
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anag
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aciti
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f pu
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pro
perty
56
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ly ec
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hool
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ra-
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kë N
okë,
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pos
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aniz
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pre
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65
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55
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03
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15
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craf
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iviti
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co
mm
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44
AR
RA
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om
mu
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IBR
A c
ou
nt
yProject fichesXII.
Project fiches are a very helpful tool in strategic planning. They enable all actors involved in project implementation to easily understand a planned project. Fiches summarise a project’s importance, the proposed participants and target groups, benefits and phases towards implementation, providing information for the local decision-makers, central authorities or financial institutions and other donors during project implementation. In essence the fiches pool the core information. Practically, these forms can be used to attract the interest of other potential actors during the implementation process.
45
Proj
ect t
itle
cod
e G
1.o
1.P1
.Pr1
obj
ectiv
e:D
esig
n an
d se
ttin
g up
of c
able
pho
ne c
onne
ctio
n w
ith n
atio
nal n
etw
ork,
and
func
tion-
ing
of th
e po
stal
serv
ice
Incl
usio
n of
com
mun
e in
nat
iona
l com
mun
icat
ions
syst
em a
nd
esta
blis
hmen
t of a
n ef
fect
ive
tran
spor
t sys
tem
Shor
t pro
ject
des
crip
tion:
Thro
ugh
this
pro
ject
it w
ill b
e po
ssib
le to
con
nect
the
com
mun
e w
ith th
e na
tiona
l lan
dlin
e te
leph
one
netw
ork.
The
pro
ject
will
be
divi
ded
into
pha
ses w
here
, be
side
s a c
able
con
nect
ion
with
the
natio
nal n
etw
ork,
a sw
itchb
oard
will
be
esta
blis
hed
with
ade
quat
e ca
paci
ties f
or a
ll cu
stom
ers i
n ea
ch v
illag
e, a
long
with
an
appr
opria
te n
etw
ork,
and
the
func
tioni
ng o
f the
pos
tal s
ervi
ce in
col
labo
ratio
n w
ith th
e m
ain
dire
ctor
ate.
Mor
e sp
ecifi
cally
the
follo
win
g w
ill b
e un
derta
ken:
Proj
ect-s
tudy
pha
se:
1. D
esig
n an
d es
timat
e of
wor
ks in
clud
ing
layi
ng th
e ca
ble,
con
stru
ctio
n of
cen
tral b
uild
ing,
del
iver
y of
net
wor
k an
d po
st o
ffice
2. S
tudy
, des
ign
and
prep
arat
ion
of e
stim
ate
for e
quip
men
t of t
he sw
itchb
oard
, pho
ne n
etw
ork
and
post
offi
ce3.
Pro
ject
stud
y an
d es
timat
es a
nd c
oope
rate
with
pot
entia
l par
tner
s to
esta
blis
h im
plem
enta
tion
phas
es a
nd c
ontri
butio
ns o
f the
pro
ject
par
ticip
ants
Bui
ldin
g ph
ase:
Car
ryin
g ou
t of p
rocu
rem
ent p
roce
dure
s for
bui
ldin
g an
d in
stal
latio
n. C
arry
ing
out o
f pro
ject
app
rove
d by
the
com
pete
nt a
utho
ritie
sO
pera
tion
phas
e:Pu
tting
the
phon
e ne
twor
k an
d po
stal
serv
ice
into
ope
ratio
n, a
ccor
ding
to a
pre
arra
nged
agr
eem
ent w
ith p
roje
cts p
artic
ipan
ts.
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Land
line
serv
ice
prov
ided
and
ava
ilabl
e fo
r com
mun
e’s c
lient
sN
orm
al c
omm
unic
atio
n be
twee
n in
stitu
tions
cre
ated
Va
rious
serv
ices
ava
ilabl
e fo
r the
com
mun
ity th
roug
h po
st o
ffice
Inte
rnet
acc
ess b
ased
on
actu
al n
eeds
pro
vide
d
Com
mun
ityEd
ucat
iona
l Dire
ctor
ate
and
scho
ol b
oard
Com
mun
e
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Gen
eral
Pos
t Offi
ce D
irect
orat
eM
inis
try o
f Pub
lic W
orks
, Tra
nspo
rt an
d Te
leco
mm
unic
atio
ns
Com
mun
ePo
tent
ial l
ocal
and
fore
ign
dono
rsC
entra
l aut
horit
y in
stitu
tions
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Prep
arat
ion
of p
roje
cts,
estim
ates
and
rese
arch
App
rova
l of a
dequ
ate
fund
s bas
ed o
n ag
reem
ent w
ith p
roje
ct p
artn
ers
Prov
isio
n of
resp
ectiv
e au
thor
izat
ions
con
cern
ing
proj
ect i
mpl
emen
tatio
n
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
pro
vide
dLa
ck o
f agr
eem
ents
bet
wee
n th
e m
ain
acto
rsW
eak
man
agem
ent a
nd c
oord
inat
ion
amon
g pr
ojec
t par
ticip
ants
est
imat
ed e
xpen
ditu
res:
For p
roje
ct st
udy
phas
e (
) le
këFo
r bui
ldin
g ph
ase
(
)
lekë
For o
pera
tion
phas
e (f
or o
ne y
ear)
(
) le
këto
tAL
:Im
plem
enta
tion
peri
od:
out
com
e pe
riod
:20
08–2
010
2010
46
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
yPr
ojec
t titl
e c
ode
G1.
o2.
P1.P
r6o
bjec
tives
:D
esig
n an
d co
nstr
uctio
n of
roa
d fr
om L
azre
j to
Gur
i Z
i
Bui
ldin
g ro
ad in
fras
truc
ture
with
stan
dard
s tha
t will
satis
fy
the
need
s of t
he c
omm
unity
and
bus
ines
ses a
nd th
at w
ill h
elp
acce
lera
te th
e ec
onom
ic a
nd so
cial
dev
elop
men
t of t
he c
om-
mun
eSh
ort p
roje
ct d
escr
iptio
n:Th
is p
roje
ct w
ill d
esig
n an
d bu
ild a
road
link
ing
Lazr
ej w
ith G
ur i
Zi. T
he ro
ad is
con
side
red
to b
e ne
cess
ary
as it
will
link
two
adja
cent
vill
ages
.Th
e ro
ad w
ill h
ave
the
follo
win
g ap
prox
imat
e ch
arac
teris
tics:
Leng
th _
_ km
; bre
adth
__
m; c
anal
s __
m; c
ross
ditc
hes _
_ m
; brid
ge _
_ (_
_ m
in le
ngth
); da
ms _
_ m
.Th
e ro
ad fo
unda
tion
will
con
sist
of _
_ (_
_%) a
nd st
one
(__%
). A
ppro
xim
atel
y __
m3 o
f sto
ne w
ill b
e la
id.
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Rap
id a
nd re
liabl
e co
mm
unic
atio
n w
ith c
omm
une
cent
reEc
onom
ic a
ctiv
ities
enc
oura
ged
and
faci
litat
edSe
rvic
es o
ffere
d in
cen
tre o
f com
mun
e br
oadl
y ex
pand
edTr
ansp
ort f
or sc
hool
chi
ldre
n fa
ster
and
less
exp
ensi
ve
Vill
age
com
mun
ities
Bus
ines
s com
mun
ityC
omm
une
adm
inis
tratio
n
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Dib
ra d
istri
ctG
ener
al R
oads
Dire
ctor
ate
Min
istry
of P
ublic
Wor
ks, T
rans
port
and
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
Com
mun
eD
ibra
dis
trict
Loca
l and
fore
ign
dono
rsC
entra
l aut
horit
y in
stitu
tions
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Prep
arat
ion
of p
roje
cts,
estim
ates
and
rese
arch
App
rova
l of a
dequ
ate
fund
s bas
ed o
n ag
reem
ent w
ith p
roje
ct p
artn
ers
Prov
isio
n of
resp
ectiv
e au
thor
izat
ions
con
cern
ing
proj
ect i
mpl
emen
tatio
n
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
pro
vide
dLa
ck o
f agr
eem
ents
bet
wee
n co
oper
atin
g in
stitu
tions
Wea
k m
anag
emen
t and
coo
rdin
atio
n am
ong
proj
ect p
artic
ipan
tse
stim
ated
exp
endi
ture
s:Fo
r the
pro
ject
-stu
dy p
hase
(
)
lekë
For t
he b
uild
ing
phas
e (
)
lekë
totA
L:
Impl
emen
tatio
n pe
riod
:o
utco
me
peri
od:
2008
–201
020
10
47
Proj
ect t
itle
cod
e G
1.o
2.P1
.Pr7
obj
ectiv
es:
Des
ign
and
cons
truc
tion
of r
oad
from
Gry
k n
okë
to P
ratë
Bui
ldin
g ro
ad in
fras
truc
ture
with
stan
dard
s tha
t will
satis
fy
the
need
s of t
he c
omm
unity
and
bus
ines
ses a
nd th
at w
ill h
elp
acce
lera
te th
e ec
onom
ic a
nd so
cial
dev
elop
men
t of t
he c
om-
mun
eSh
ort p
roje
ct d
escr
iptio
n:Th
is p
roje
ct w
ill d
esig
n an
d bu
ild a
road
link
ing
Gry
k N
okë
with
Pra
të. T
he ro
ad is
con
side
red
to b
e ne
cess
ary
beca
use
____
____
___
.Th
e ro
ad w
ill h
ave
the
follo
win
g ap
prox
imat
e ch
arac
teris
tics:
Leng
th _
_ km
; bre
adth
__
m; c
anal
s __
m; c
ross
ditc
hes _
_ m
; brid
ge _
_ (_
_ m
in le
ngth
); da
ms _
_ m
.Th
e ro
ad fo
unda
tion
will
con
sist
of _
_ (_
_%) a
nd st
one
(__%
). A
ppro
xim
atel
y __
m3 o
f sto
ne w
ill b
e la
id.
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Rap
id a
nd re
liabl
e co
mm
unic
atio
n w
ith c
omm
une
cent
reEc
onom
ic a
ctiv
ities
enc
oura
ged
and
faci
litat
edSe
rvic
es o
ffere
d in
cen
tre o
f com
mun
e br
oadl
y ex
pand
edTr
ansp
ort f
or sc
hool
chi
ldre
n fa
ster
and
less
exp
ensi
ve
Vill
age
com
mun
ities
Bus
ines
s com
mun
ityC
omm
une
adm
inis
tratio
n
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Dib
ra d
istri
ctG
ener
al R
oads
Dire
ctor
ate
Min
istry
of P
ublic
Wor
ks, T
rans
port
and
Tele
com
mun
icat
ions
Com
mun
eD
ibra
dis
trict
Loca
l and
fore
ign
dono
rsC
entra
l aut
horit
y in
stitu
tions
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Prep
arat
ion
of p
roje
cts,
estim
ates
and
rese
arch
App
rova
l of a
dequ
ate
fund
s bas
ed o
n ag
reem
ent w
ith p
roje
ct p
artn
ers
Prov
isio
n of
resp
ectiv
e au
thor
izat
ions
con
cern
ing
proj
ect i
mpl
emen
tatio
n
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
pro
vide
dLa
ck o
f agr
eem
ents
bet
wee
n co
oper
atin
g in
stitu
tions
Wea
k m
anag
emen
t and
coo
rdin
atio
n am
ong
proj
ect p
artic
ipan
tse
stim
ated
exp
endi
ture
s:Fo
r the
pro
ject
-stu
dy p
hase
(
) le
këFo
r the
bui
ldin
g ph
ase
(
)
lekë
totA
L:
Impl
emen
tatio
n pe
riod
:o
utco
me
peri
od:
2008
–201
020
10
48
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
y
Proj
ect t
itle
cod
e G
1.o
2.P1
.Pr9
obj
ectiv
es:
con
stru
ctio
n of
roa
ds w
ithin
Sin
ë e
Posh
tme
Vill
age
Bui
ldin
g ro
ad in
fras
truc
ture
with
stan
dard
s tha
t will
satis
fy th
e ne
eds o
f the
com
mun
ity a
nd b
usin
esse
s and
that
will
hel
p ac
cel-
erat
e th
e ec
onom
ic a
nd so
cial
dev
elop
men
t of t
he c
omm
une
Shor
t pro
ject
des
crip
tion:
This
pro
ject
will
des
ign
and
build
road
link
ing
the
vario
us q
uarte
rs o
f the
vill
age
of S
inë
e Po
shtm
e. T
hese
road
s are
con
side
red
nece
ssar
y __
____
___.
The
road
will
hav
e th
e fo
llow
ing
appr
oxim
ate
char
acte
ristic
s:Le
ngth
__
km; b
read
th _
_ m
; can
als _
_ m
; cro
ss d
itche
s __
m; b
ridge
__
(__
m in
leng
th);
dam
s __
m.
The
road
foun
datio
n w
ill c
onsi
st o
f __
(__%
) and
ston
e (_
_%).
App
roxi
mat
ely
__ m
3 of s
tone
will
be
laid
.
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Rap
id a
nd re
liabl
e co
mm
unic
atio
n w
ith c
omm
une
cent
reEc
onom
ic a
ctiv
ities
enc
oura
ged
and
faci
litat
edSe
rvic
es o
ffere
d in
cen
tre o
f com
mun
e br
oadl
y ex
pand
edTr
ansp
ort f
or sc
hool
chi
ldre
n fa
ster
and
less
exp
ensi
ve
Vill
age
com
mun
ities
Bus
ines
s com
mun
ityC
omm
une
adm
inis
tratio
n
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Dib
ra d
istri
ctG
ener
al R
oads
Dire
ctor
ate
Min
istry
of P
ublic
Wor
ks, T
rans
port
and
Tele
com
mun
icat
ion
Com
mun
eD
ibra
dis
trict
Loca
l and
fore
ign
dono
rsC
entra
l aut
horit
y in
stitu
tions
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Prep
arat
ion
of p
roje
cts,
estim
ates
and
rese
arch
App
rova
l of a
dequ
ate
fund
s bas
ed o
n ag
reem
ent w
ith p
roje
ct p
artn
ers
Prov
isio
n of
resp
ectiv
e au
thor
izat
ions
con
cern
ing
proj
ect i
mpl
emen
tatio
n
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
pro
vide
dLa
ck o
f agr
eem
ents
bet
wee
n co
oper
atin
g in
stitu
tions
Wea
k m
anag
emen
t and
coo
rdin
atio
n am
ong
proj
ect p
artic
ipan
tse
stim
ated
exp
endi
ture
s:Fo
r the
pro
ject
-stu
dy p
hase
(
)
lekë
For t
he b
uild
ing
phas
e (
)
lekë
totA
L:
Impl
emen
tatio
n pe
riod
:o
utco
me
peri
od:
2008
–201
020
10
49
Proj
ect t
itle
cod
e G
1.o
3.P1
.Pr1
6o
bjec
tives
:D
esig
n an
d in
stal
latio
n of
a w
ater
supp
ly sy
stem
in S
inë
e Po
shtm
e V
illag
eIn
stal
latio
n of
wat
er su
pply
, ele
ctri
city
net
wor
k an
d se
wag
e sys
tem
s to
leve
ls th
at su
ppor
t a g
ood
qual
ity o
f life
for t
he co
mm
unity
Shor
t pro
ject
des
crip
tion:
This
pro
ject
con
sist
s in
the
desi
gn a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
of a
wat
er su
pply
syst
em in
the
villa
ge o
f Sin
ë e
Posh
tme.
It w
ill p
rovi
de p
otab
le w
ater
for t
he fo
llow
ing
area
s:
____
___,
___
____
, ___
____
, ___
____
and
___
____
. The
sprin
g of
fres
h w
ater
at _
____
____
will
be
expl
oite
d. T
his s
prin
g ha
s an
estim
ated
ave
rage
flow
of _
____
m
3 /s. T
he w
ater
supp
ly sy
stem
will
be
grav
ity d
riven
. The
re w
ill b
e __
__ d
epos
its w
ith a
n es
timat
ed c
apac
ity o
f ___
_ m
3 .Fo
r con
stru
ctio
n of
this
wat
er su
pply
syst
em th
e fo
llow
ing
step
s will
be
unde
rtake
n:1.
Res
earc
h in
to p
ossi
bilit
ies a
nd c
apac
ities
of c
olle
ctio
n an
d of
del
iver
y ne
twor
k2.
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
full
tech
nica
l pro
ject
and
pre
para
tion
of e
stim
ates
for c
onst
ruct
ion
and
prov
isio
n w
ith n
eces
sary
mac
hine
ry a
nd e
quip
men
t3.
Res
earc
h op
portu
nitie
s for
fina
ncin
g of
this
pro
ject
with
oth
er p
oten
tial a
ctor
s, su
ch a
s cen
tral a
utho
rity
inst
itutio
ns, t
he d
istri
ct a
nd v
ario
us d
onor
s4.
Sig
ning
of a
gree
men
t bet
wee
n th
e co
mm
une
auth
oriti
es a
nd o
ther
par
ticip
ants
5. A
ppro
val o
f res
pect
ive
auth
oriz
atio
ns fo
r con
stru
ctio
n of
the
wor
k6.
Per
form
ing
of le
gal p
rocu
rem
ent p
roce
dure
s for
pro
ject
impl
emen
tatio
n7.
Defi
nitio
n of
form
and
org
aniz
atio
nal s
truct
ures
for m
anag
emen
t of t
he w
ork
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Com
mun
ity o
f 525
resi
dent
s sup
plie
d w
ith w
ater
Exis
ting
and
pros
pect
ive
econ
omic
act
iviti
es fa
cilit
ated
Satis
fact
ion
and
trust
of r
esid
ents
in g
over
nanc
e or
gans
incr
ease
d
Vill
age
com
mun
ities
Bus
ines
s com
mun
ityC
omm
une
adm
inis
tratio
nPo
tent
ial a
ctor
s:Po
tent
ial c
ontr
ibut
ions
in th
e pr
ojec
t:C
omm
une
auth
oriti
esD
ibra
dis
trict
Gen
eral
Roa
ds’ D
irect
orat
eM
inis
try o
f Pub
lic W
orks
, Tra
nspo
rt an
d Te
leco
mm
unic
atio
ns
Com
mun
eD
ibra
dis
trict
Pote
ntia
l loc
al a
nd fo
reig
n do
nors
Cen
tral a
utho
rity
inst
itutio
nsPr
elim
inar
y co
nditi
ons:
Ris
k fa
ctor
s:Pr
epar
atio
n of
pro
ject
s, es
timat
es a
nd re
sear
chA
ppro
val o
f ade
quat
e fu
nds b
ased
on
agre
emen
t with
pro
ject
par
tner
sPr
ovis
ion
of re
spec
tive
auth
oriz
atio
ns c
once
rnin
g pr
ojec
t im
plem
enta
tion
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
pro
vide
dLa
ck o
f agr
eem
ents
bet
wee
n co
oper
atin
g in
stitu
tions
Poor
man
agem
ent a
nd c
oord
inat
ion
amon
g pr
ojec
t par
ticip
ants
est
imat
ed e
xpen
ditu
res:
For p
roje
ct st
udy
phas
e (
)
lekë
For c
onst
ruct
ion
phas
e (
)
lekë
totA
L:
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pe
riod
out
com
e pe
riod
:20
08–2
010
2010
50
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
yPr
ojec
t titl
e:
cod
e: G
2.o
1.P1
.Pr2
3o
bjec
tive:
con
stru
ctio
n of
irri
gatio
n sy
stem
for
land
bel
ow th
e le
vel o
f the
Riv
er S
eta
Incr
ease
in q
uant
ity a
nd q
ualit
y of
agr
icul
tura
l pro
duce
with
the
dest
inat
ion
mar
ket g
uara
ntee
dSh
ort p
roje
ct d
escr
iptio
n:Th
roug
h th
is pr
ojec
t the
irrig
atio
n of
agr
icul
tura
l lan
ds n
ot c
urre
ntly
wat
ered
will
be
poss
ible
. The
syste
m w
ill su
pply
___
vill
ages
, inc
reas
ing
the
likel
ihoo
d of
incr
ease
d ag
ricul
tura
l pro
duct
ion.
The
wat
er w
ill b
e co
llect
ed fr
om _
__. T
he a
ppro
xim
ate
leng
th o
f the
mai
n di
tche
s will
be
___
km, w
hile
that
of t
he se
cond
ary
ditc
hes w
ill b
e __
km
. The
are
a w
ater
ed th
roug
h th
is irr
igat
ion
syste
m is
exp
ecte
d to
be
appr
oxim
atel
y __
ha.
For
real
izat
ion
of th
is pr
ojec
t, th
e fo
llow
ing
steps
will
be
unde
rtake
n:1.
Pre
para
tion
of re
sear
ch in
to p
ossi
bilit
ies a
nd n
eeds
of a
reas
pla
nned
to b
e irr
igat
ed2.
Stu
dy in
to fi
nanc
ing
oppo
rtuni
ties f
or th
e pr
ojec
t3.
Pre
para
tion
of te
chni
cal p
roje
ct fo
r app
rova
l by
the
com
pete
nt o
rgan
s4.
For
mal
izat
ion
of p
ossi
ble
agre
emen
ts a
mon
g pr
ojec
t par
ticip
ants
5. A
utho
rizat
ion
appr
oval
for p
roje
ct im
plem
enta
tion
6. P
erfo
rmin
g of
lega
l pro
cure
men
t pro
cedu
res f
or p
roje
ct im
plem
enta
tion
7. F
orm
aliz
atio
n of
man
agem
ent a
nd m
aint
enan
ce o
f irr
igat
ion
syst
em
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Plan
ned
area
wat
ered
Prod
uctiv
ity o
f irr
igat
ed la
nds i
ncre
ased
Econ
omic
leve
l of f
arm
ers b
enefi
ting
from
pro
ject
incr
ease
dTr
ust a
nd sa
tisfa
ctio
n le
vel o
f com
mun
ity, a
s wel
l as e
cono
mic
leve
l, in
crea
sed
Vill
age
com
mun
ityB
usin
ess c
omm
unity
Com
mun
e ad
min
istra
tion
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Dib
ra d
istri
ctPo
tent
ial i
nves
tors
Reg
iona
l Agr
icul
ture
Dire
ctor
ate
Min
istry
of A
gric
ultu
re a
nd F
ood
Com
mun
eD
ibra
dis
trict
Pote
ntia
l loc
al a
nd fo
reig
n do
nors
Cen
tral a
utho
rity
inst
itutio
ns
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Prep
arat
ion
of p
roje
cts,
estim
ates
and
rese
arch
App
rova
l of a
dequ
ate
fund
s bas
ed o
n ag
reem
ent w
ith p
roje
ct p
artn
ers
Prov
isio
n of
resp
ectiv
e au
thor
izat
ions
con
cern
ing
proj
ect i
mpl
emen
tatio
n
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
pro
vide
dLa
ck o
f agr
eem
ents
bet
wee
n co
oper
atin
g in
stitu
tions
Poor
man
agem
ent b
y pr
ojec
t par
ticip
ants
est
imat
ed e
xpen
ditu
res:
For p
roje
ct st
udy
phas
e (
)
lekë
For b
uild
ing
phas
e (
)
lekë
tota
lIm
plem
enta
tion
peri
od:
out
com
e pe
riod
:20
08–2
010
2010
51
Proj
ect t
itle:
c
ode:
G2.
o2.
P2.P
r30
obj
ectiv
ec
onst
ruct
ion
of d
iary
for
colle
ctio
n an
d pr
oces
sing
of d
airy
pro
duce
in G
ryk
nok
ëA
rras
will
be
the
mos
t suc
cess
ful p
rodu
cer,
proc
esso
r an
d tr
ader
in
Dib
ra r
egio
n w
hen
it co
mes
to tr
aditi
onal
frui
t pro
duct
ion,
ag
ricu
lture
and
farm
ing
prod
uce,
fish
and
med
icin
al h
erbs
Shor
t pro
ject
des
crip
tion:
This
pro
ject
con
sist
s in
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of a
dai
ry u
nit f
or th
e pr
oces
sing
of f
arm
ing
prod
uce
in G
ryk
Nok
ë V
illag
e. T
here
are
cur
rent
ly th
ree
alte
rnat
ives
: it c
ould
be
priv
ate
prop
erty
and
priv
atel
y ru
n; p
rope
rty o
f the
com
mun
e an
d m
anag
ed b
y it;
or p
rope
rty o
f the
com
mun
e an
d m
anag
ed p
rivat
ely.
Irre
spec
tive
of th
e im
ple-
men
tatio
n, th
e ne
ed fo
r pre
para
tion
of a
bui
ldin
g an
d te
chno
logi
cal p
roje
ct th
at m
eets
the
regi
onal
farm
ing
requ
irem
ents
is in
disp
utab
le. T
he p
roje
ct is
pla
nned
to b
e di
vide
d in
to v
ario
us p
hase
s as f
ollo
ws:
Stud
y an
d de
sign
ing
phas
e 1.
Est
ablis
h a
wor
king
gro
up fo
r res
earc
hing
pot
entia
l alte
rnat
ives
rega
rdin
g th
e pr
oprie
tary
and
man
agem
ent f
orm
, bas
ed o
n th
e ca
lcul
at-
ed c
apac
ity; 2
. Pre
pare
tech
nica
l, bu
ildin
g an
d te
chno
logi
cal p
roje
ct a
s wel
l as t
he re
spec
tive
estim
ates
; 3. R
esea
rch
finan
cing
opp
ortu
nitie
s acc
ordi
ng to
the
iden
ti-fie
d al
tern
ativ
es; 4
. Det
erm
ine
the
met
hod
and
form
of p
roje
ct im
plem
enta
tion
Bui
ldin
g ph
ase
1. A
ppro
val o
f res
pect
ive
auth
oriz
atio
ns b
y th
e co
mpe
tent
aut
horit
ies;
2. C
arry
ing
out o
f pro
cure
men
t pro
cedu
res f
or m
onito
ring
the
build
ing
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
appr
oved
pro
ject
by
the
com
pete
nt a
utho
ritie
sO
pera
tion
phas
e M
akin
g pr
ojec
t ope
ratio
nal a
ccor
ding
to th
e ag
reem
ent p
rear
rang
ed w
ith th
e pa
rtici
pant
s.o
utco
mes
:B
enefi
ciar
y:C
entra
lized
pro
cess
ing
serv
ice
of fa
rmin
g pr
oduc
ts p
rovi
ded
Farm
ing
prod
ucts
as r
esul
t of m
arke
t pro
visi
on in
crea
sed
Col
labo
ratio
n be
twee
n fa
rmer
s enc
oura
ged
Opp
ortu
nitie
s for
gua
rant
eed
mar
ket i
ncre
ased
Farm
ing
com
mun
ityB
usin
ess c
omm
unity
Com
mun
e
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Farm
ing
farm
ers
Inte
rest
ed c
entra
l and
loca
l ins
titut
ions
Com
mun
ePo
tent
ial l
ocal
and
fore
ign
dono
rsIn
tere
sted
priv
ate
farm
ers a
nd in
vest
ors
Cen
tral a
nd lo
cal a
utho
rity
inst
itutio
nsPr
elim
inar
y co
nditi
ons:
Ris
k fa
ctor
s:C
arry
ing
out r
esea
rch
into
alte
rnat
ives
, pro
ject
s and
est
imat
esPr
ovis
ion
of a
dequ
ate
fund
s bas
ed o
n ag
reem
ent w
ith p
roje
ct p
artn
ers
Prov
isio
n of
resp
ectiv
e au
thor
izat
ions
for p
roje
ct im
plem
enta
tion
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
pro
vide
dLa
ck o
f agr
eem
ents
bet
wee
n m
ain
acto
rsW
eak
man
agem
ent a
nd c
oord
inat
ion
of p
roje
ct p
artic
ipan
tse
stim
ated
exp
endi
ture
s:Fo
r pro
ject
stud
y ph
ase
(
)
lekë
For b
uild
ing
phas
e (
) le
këFo
r ope
ratio
n ph
ase
(for
one
yea
r)
(
)
lekë
totA
L:
Impl
emen
tatio
n pe
riod
:o
utco
me
peri
od:
2008
–201
020
11
52
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
yPr
ojec
t titl
e:
cod
e: G
2.o
2.P3
.Pr3
2o
bjec
tive
car
ryin
g ou
t of r
esea
rch
into
pot
entia
l of c
ultiv
atio
n an
d pr
oces
sing
of s
age
for
expo
rtA
rras
will
be
the
mos
t suc
cess
ful p
rodu
cer,
proc
esso
r an
d tr
ad-
er in
Dib
ra r
egio
n w
hen
it co
mes
to tr
aditi
onal
frui
t pro
duct
ion,
ag
ricu
lture
and
farm
ing
prod
uce,
fish
and
med
icin
al h
erbs
Shor
t pro
ject
des
crip
tion:
This
pro
ject
will
stud
y th
e po
ssib
ility
of i
ncre
asin
g an
d fu
rther
ing
expl
oita
tion
of sa
ge b
y th
e lo
cal c
omm
unity
. The
re is
usu
ally
spor
adic
col
lect
ion
and
sale
of t
his
herb
, but
the
activ
ity c
ould
be
mor
e pr
oduc
tive
whi
le o
ppor
tuni
ties f
or c
ultiv
atio
n, c
olle
ctio
n an
d pr
oces
sing
cou
ld b
e ar
rang
ed. T
he p
roje
ct w
ill st
udy
thes
e op
por-
tuni
ties a
nd p
repa
re g
uide
lines
for t
he im
plem
enta
tion
and
met
hod
of d
evel
opm
ent o
f rel
ated
eco
nom
ic a
ctiv
ities
. It w
ould
act
as a
mod
el fo
r oth
er m
edic
inal
pla
nts
with
eco
nom
ic p
oten
tial.
For t
he re
aliz
atio
n of
this
pro
ject
, the
follo
win
g st
eps w
ill b
e fo
llow
ed:
1. F
ind
poss
ible
fina
ncin
g fo
r thi
s stu
dy th
at c
ompr
ises
the
follo
win
g ac
tiviti
es: a
) Col
lect
ion
and
anal
ysis
of e
xist
ing
stat
istic
, sci
entifi
c an
d m
arke
ting
data
, th
roug
h es
tabl
ishi
ng a
wor
king
gro
up; b
) Pre
para
tion
of a
stud
y ba
sed
on th
e co
llect
ed d
ata,
incl
udin
g a
prac
tical
gui
de th
at is
com
preh
ensi
ble
to fa
rmer
s; c
) Pub
-lis
hing
, pro
mot
ion
and
deliv
ery
of b
ookl
ets t
o th
ose
inte
rest
ed2.
Iden
tify
inte
rest
ed p
erso
ns a
nd p
lan
furth
er a
ctiv
ities
on
conc
rete
term
s tha
t pro
vide
con
tribu
tion
of a
ll ac
tors
3. A
ppro
val f
rom
com
mun
e co
unci
l of i
ncen
tives
and
faci
litat
ion
mea
sure
s for
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f eco
nom
ic a
ctiv
ities
in th
e fie
ld o
f med
icin
al p
lant
s.o
utco
mes
:B
enefi
ciar
y:Sa
ge c
olle
ctio
n in
crea
sed
Aut
hent
ic e
cono
mic
act
iviti
es re
late
d to
sage
enc
oura
ged
Econ
omic
leve
l of f
arm
ers i
mpr
oved
Trus
t and
satis
fact
ion
of c
omm
unity
incr
ease
d an
d ec
onom
ic le
vel i
mpr
oved
Vill
age
com
mun
ities
Bus
ines
s com
mun
ityC
omm
une
adm
inis
tratio
n
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Dib
ra d
istri
ctPo
tent
ial i
nves
tors
Reg
iona
l Agr
icul
ture
Dire
ctor
ate
Min
istry
of A
gric
ultu
re a
nd F
ood
Com
mun
eD
ibra
dis
trict
Pote
ntia
l loc
al a
nd fo
reig
n do
nors
Cen
tral a
utho
rity
inst
itutio
ns
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Prov
isio
n of
ade
quat
e fu
nds f
or c
arry
ing
out a
ll co
mpo
nent
sPr
ocur
emen
t and
eng
agem
ent o
f spe
cial
ists
to p
erfo
rm st
udy
Prov
isio
n of
coo
pera
tion
with
inst
itutio
ns th
at m
ay h
elp
in p
roje
ct
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
pro
vide
dLa
ck o
f agr
eem
ents
bet
wee
n co
oper
atin
g in
stitu
tions
Inad
equa
te c
omm
itmen
t of s
elec
ted
spec
ialis
tsN
eglig
ence
of c
omm
une
auth
oriti
ese
stim
ated
exp
endi
ture
s:Fo
r dat
a co
llect
ion
phas
e (
) le
këFo
r stu
dy p
hase
(
) le
këFo
r pub
licat
ion
and
prom
otio
n ph
ase
(
)
lekë
totA
L:
Impl
emen
tatio
n pe
riod
:o
utco
me
peri
od:
2008
–200
920
09
53
Proj
ect t
itle:
c
ode:
G2.
o2.
P5.P
r27,
40,4
2o
bjec
tive
27. e
stab
lishm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
Far
mer
s’ A
ssoc
iatio
n (o
bj. 2
.1)
40. e
stab
lishm
ent o
f med
icin
al H
erb
col
lect
ors’
Ass
ocia
tion
(obj
. 2.2
)42
. est
ablis
hmen
t of L
ives
tock
Far
mer
s’ A
ssoc
iatio
n (o
bj. 2
.2)
Arr
as w
ill b
e th
e m
ost s
ucce
ssfu
l pro
duce
r, pr
oces
sor
and
trad
-er
in D
ibra
reg
ion
whe
n it
com
es to
trad
ition
al fr
uit p
rodu
ctio
n,
agri
cultu
re a
nd fa
rmin
g pr
oduc
e, fi
sh a
nd m
edic
inal
her
bs
Shor
t pro
ject
des
crip
tion:
This
pro
ject
will
ena
ble
the
inst
itutio
naliz
atio
n of
coo
pera
tion
betw
een
farm
ers w
ith c
omm
on in
tere
sts.
For r
ealiz
atio
n of
this
pro
ject
, the
follo
win
g st
eps w
ill b
e fo
llow
ed:
1. In
col
labo
ratio
n w
ith fi
eld
spec
ialis
ts, t
he c
omm
une
will
pre
pare
info
rmat
ion
mat
eria
l reg
ardi
ng th
e ad
vant
ages
for f
arm
ers’
asso
ciat
ions
or g
roup
s with
com
mon
in
tere
sts,
as w
ell a
s the
ir in
stitu
tiona
lizat
ion
in o
rder
to b
e an
act
ive
fact
or in
the
econ
omic
and
soci
al li
fe o
f the
com
mun
e an
d be
yond
2. D
eliv
ery
of in
form
atio
n an
d or
gani
zatio
n of
pub
lic m
eetin
gs w
ith th
e in
tere
sted
par
ties t
o ex
plai
n fa
cilit
atin
g m
etho
ds th
at th
e co
mm
une
will
pro
vide
for s
peci
al
envi
ronm
ents
for p
erio
dica
l mee
tings
, etc
., as
wel
l as f
or a
ssur
ing
them
that
a u
nite
d vo
ice
will
be
cons
ider
ed in
the
deci
sion
s of t
he lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s3.
Ass
ista
nce
in th
e fo
unda
tion
and
lega
lizat
ion
of th
ese
asso
ciat
ions
bas
ed o
n fr
ee w
ill a
nd c
omm
on in
tere
sts,
help
ing
them
in p
repa
ring
a st
atut
e an
d a
func
tiona
l fo
rm o
f org
aniz
atio
n4.
App
rova
l in
the
com
mun
e co
unci
l of a
fund
for t
he su
ppor
t of t
hese
ass
ocia
tions
in th
e fir
st p
hase
s of t
heir
activ
ity, c
onsi
derin
g th
em a
s fut
ure
partn
ers
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Leve
l of c
oope
ratio
n am
ong
farm
ers w
ith c
omm
on in
tere
sts i
ncre
ased
Prem
ises
on
incr
easi
ng c
omm
unity
par
ticip
atio
n in
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g pr
oces
s pro
vide
dEc
onom
ic le
vel o
f fiel
d bu
sine
sses
incr
ease
dIn
disp
ensa
ble
partn
ers p
rovi
ded
for l
ocal
gov
erna
nce
Com
mun
e ad
min
istra
tion
Bus
ines
s com
mun
ity w
ith c
omm
on in
tere
sts
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
and
adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees
Farm
ers w
ith c
omm
on in
tere
sts
AA
C, d
istri
ct, S
NV,
etc
.
Com
mun
ePo
tent
ial l
ocal
and
fore
ign
dono
rsB
usin
ess c
omm
unity
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Prep
arat
ion
of in
form
atio
n m
ater
ials
Sele
ctio
n of
relia
ble,
org
anis
atio
nally
skill
ed in
divi
dual
s for
ass
ista
nce
Com
mun
ity a
s wel
l inf
orm
ed a
s pos
sibl
e
Insu
ffici
ent i
nfor
mat
ion
prov
ided
to fa
rmer
sN
eglig
ence
of l
ocal
adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees a
nd fa
rmer
sLa
ck o
f tru
st in
out
com
ese
stim
ated
exp
endi
ture
s:Fo
r inf
orm
atio
n m
ater
ials
(
) lek
ëFo
r org
aniz
atio
n of
mee
tings
(
) lek
ëFo
r pre
para
tion
and
lega
lizat
ion
of d
ocum
ents
(
) lek
ëto
tAL
:Im
plem
enta
tion
peri
od:
out
com
e pe
riod
:20
08–2
009
2009
54
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
y
Proj
ect t
itle:
c
ode:
G3.
o1.
P1.P
r48
obj
ectiv
e:In
stal
latio
n of
equ
ipm
ent f
or c
omm
une
staf
f and
trai
ning
for
them
in h
ow to
use
itm
oder
niza
tion
of c
omm
une
adm
inis
trat
ion
to m
eet q
ualit
ativ
ely
the
dem
ands
and
eco
nom
ic d
evel
opm
ent o
f the
com
mun
eSh
ort p
roje
ct d
escr
iptio
n:Th
roug
h th
is p
roje
ct p
rovi
sion
of a
dequ
ate
wor
king
con
ditio
ns fo
r adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees w
ill b
e ac
hiev
ed.
For r
ealiz
atio
n of
this
pro
ject
, the
follo
win
g st
eps w
ill b
e fo
llow
ed:
1. Id
entif
y ne
eds f
or o
ffice
equ
ipm
ent i
n ev
ery
offic
e an
d jo
b po
sitio
n2.
Und
erta
ke m
arke
t res
earc
h fo
r cal
cula
ting
the
nece
ssar
y fu
nd fo
r the
pro
ject
impl
emen
tatio
n 3.
Ana
lyze
fina
ncia
l opp
ortu
nitie
s and
pro
vide
ade
quat
e fu
nds
4. D
evel
op p
rocu
rem
ent p
roce
dure
s to
purc
hase
and
inst
all t
he e
quip
men
t5.
Inst
all e
quip
men
t in
the
fore
seen
pos
ition
sD
urin
g th
e se
arch
for e
ssen
tials
, the
per
spec
tive
of p
ossi
ble
deve
lopm
ents
in th
e co
mm
une
will
als
o be
con
side
red,
in o
rder
to p
rece
de th
e sh
ort-t
erm
nec
essi
ties.
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Ade
quat
e co
nditi
ons f
or th
e ad
min
istra
tion
empl
oyee
s pro
vide
d C
omm
une
adm
inis
tratio
nC
omm
unity
Po
tent
ial a
ctor
s:Po
tent
ial c
ontr
ibut
ions
in th
e pr
ojec
t:C
omm
une
auth
oriti
esA
dmin
istra
tion
empl
oyee
sW
inni
ng c
ompa
ny fo
r the
pro
ject
impl
emen
tatio
n
Com
mun
ePo
tent
ial d
onor
s
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Nee
ds a
nd m
arke
t res
earc
h on
nec
essa
ry e
quip
men
tA
ppro
val o
f ade
quat
e fu
nds
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
to im
plem
ent t
he p
roje
ctN
eglig
ence
of l
ocal
adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees
est
imat
ed e
xpen
ditu
res:
For o
ffice
furn
iture
(
) le
këFo
r ele
ctro
nic
devi
ces
(
)
lekë
totA
L:
Impl
emen
tatio
n pe
riod
:o
utco
me
peri
od:
Dur
ing
year
200
8En
d of
yea
r 200
8
55
Proj
ect t
itle:
c
ode:
G3.
o1.
P2.P
r49
obj
ectiv
e:e
stab
lishm
ent o
f Pro
fess
iona
l Dev
elop
men
t uni
t in
the
com
mun
e m
oder
niza
tion
of c
omm
une
adm
inis
trat
ion
to m
eet q
ualit
ativ
ely
the
dem
ands
and
eco
nom
ic d
evel
opm
ent o
f the
com
mun
eSh
ort p
roje
ct d
escr
iptio
n:Th
is p
roje
ct w
ill e
nabl
e th
e in
stitu
tiona
lizat
ion
of a
Pro
fess
iona
l Dev
elop
men
t Uni
t.Fo
r rea
lizat
ion
of th
is p
roje
ct, t
he fo
llow
ing
step
s will
be
follo
wed
:1.
In c
olla
bora
tion
with
the
lead
ers o
f the
seco
ndar
y sc
hool
exp
loita
tion
of a
n en
viro
nmen
t to
hold
var
ious
cou
rses
with
out i
nter
ferin
g w
ith th
e us
ual l
earn
ing
proc
-es
s will
be
agre
ed u
pon.
2. T
he H
ead
of c
omm
une
will
ass
ign
a gr
oup
from
the
adm
inis
tratio
n, w
hich
will
con
stitu
te th
e Pr
ofes
sion
al D
evel
opm
ent U
nit.
This
Uni
t will
ope
rate
par
t-tim
e an
d w
ill id
entif
y ne
cess
ary
cour
ses f
or th
e co
mm
unity
, and
in c
oope
ratio
n w
ith th
e co
mm
une
auth
oriti
es a
nd o
ther
inst
itutio
ns, w
ill fa
cilit
ate
the
proc
edur
es fo
r the
pr
ocur
emen
t of t
he c
ours
e le
ctur
ers.
3. T
he n
umbe
r of p
artic
ipan
ts in
thes
e co
urse
s will
be
deci
ded
upon
in c
onsu
ltatio
n w
ith th
e se
lect
ed le
ctur
ers.
4. T
he su
bjec
t cou
rse
grap
hics
will
be
publ
ishe
d pr
omin
ently
in e
very
vill
age,
in th
e co
mm
une
build
ing
and
in th
e se
cond
ary
scho
ol b
uild
ing.
5. T
he P
rofe
ssio
nal D
evel
opm
ent U
nit w
ill a
rchi
ve th
e ut
ilize
d m
ater
ials
and
will
pre
pare
a sh
ort r
epor
t with
the
nece
ssar
y in
form
atio
n.6.
The
cou
rse
grap
hics
will
be
perio
dica
lly u
pdat
ed a
nd w
ill b
e ap
prov
ed b
y th
e H
ead
of C
omm
une.
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees a
nd a
dvis
ers p
rofe
ssio
nally
dev
elop
edC
onte
mpo
rary
stan
dard
s in
all fi
elds
of a
dmin
istra
tion
atta
ined
Com
mun
ity sa
tisfa
ctio
n le
vel r
egar
ding
serv
ices
offe
red
by th
e co
mm
une
incr
ease
d
Com
mun
e ad
min
istra
tion
Com
mun
ity
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees
AA
C, D
istri
ct, S
NV,
etc
.
Com
mun
ePo
tent
ial l
ocal
and
fore
ign
dono
rsC
entra
l aut
horit
y in
stitu
tions
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Res
earc
h in
nee
ds a
nd o
ppor
tuni
ties
App
rova
l of a
dequ
ate
fund
sD
esig
n of
trai
ning
dev
elop
men
t gra
phic
Lack
of o
ppor
tuni
ties f
or c
arin
g ou
t tra
inin
gsN
eglig
ence
of l
ocal
adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees
est
imat
ed e
xpen
ditu
res:
Per-d
iem
s, ac
com
mod
atio
n an
d tra
nspo
rt (
) le
këFo
r tra
inin
g pa
rtici
patio
n (
) le
këto
tAL
:Im
plem
enta
tion
peri
od:
out
com
e pe
riod
:20
08–2
010
Afte
r eac
h tr
aini
ng
56
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
y
Proj
ect t
itle:
c
ode:
G3.
o1.
P2.P
r50
obj
ectiv
e:tr
aini
ng o
f com
mun
e em
ploy
ees a
nd a
dvis
ers
mod
erni
zatio
n of
com
mun
e ad
min
istr
atio
n to
mee
t qua
litat
ivel
y th
e de
man
ds a
nd e
cono
mic
dev
elop
men
t of t
he c
omm
une
Shor
t pro
ject
des
crip
tion:
Thro
ugh
this
pro
ject
trai
ning
of t
he a
dmin
istra
tion
advi
sers
and
em
ploy
ees w
ill b
e ca
rrie
d ou
t in
orde
r to
mee
t con
tem
pora
ry re
quire
men
ts.
For r
ealiz
atio
n of
this
pro
ject
, the
follo
win
g st
eps w
ill b
e fo
llow
ed:
1. In
dica
te tr
aini
ng n
eeds
in c
oope
ratio
n w
ith th
e AA
C, D
ibra
dis
trict
, SN
V, e
tc.
2. In
dica
te p
oten
tials
of A
AC
, Dib
ra d
istri
ct, S
NV,
etc
to su
ppor
t the
trai
ning
acc
ordi
ng th
e id
entifi
ed th
emes
3. A
naly
ze fi
nanc
ial c
apac
ities
to p
rovi
de th
e ne
cess
ary
train
ings
, whi
ch c
anno
t be
prov
ided
by
partn
er in
stitu
tions
4. D
esig
n gr
aphi
c of
trai
ning
acc
ordi
ng to
subj
ects
and
pla
n pa
rtici
patio
n 5.
Car
ry o
ut tr
aini
ng a
nd a
rchi
ve tr
aini
ng m
ater
ials
as w
ell a
s the
resp
ectiv
e re
port
and
even
tual
pro
posa
lsD
urin
g th
e se
arch
for e
ssen
tials
, the
per
spec
tive
of p
ossi
ble
deve
lopm
ents
in th
e co
mm
une
will
als
o be
con
side
red
in o
rder
to p
rece
de th
e sh
ort-t
erm
nec
essi
ties.
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees a
nd a
dvis
ers p
rofe
ssio
nally
dev
elop
edC
onte
mpo
rary
stan
dard
s in
all-fi
elds
adm
inis
tratio
n at
tain
edC
omm
unity
satis
fact
ion
leve
l reg
ardi
ng se
rvic
es o
ffere
d by
the
com
mun
e in
crea
sed
Com
mun
e ad
min
istra
tion
Com
mun
ity
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees
AA
C, D
istri
ct, S
NV,
etc
.
Com
mun
ePo
tent
ial l
ocal
and
fore
ign
dono
rsLo
cal a
utho
rity
inst
itutio
nsPr
elim
inar
y co
nditi
ons:
Ris
k fa
ctor
s:R
esea
rch
on n
eeds
and
opp
ortu
nitie
sA
ppro
val o
f ade
quat
e fu
nds
Des
ign
of tr
aini
ng g
raph
ics
Lack
of o
ppor
tuni
ties f
or c
arry
ing
out t
rain
ings
Neg
ligen
ce o
f loc
al a
dmin
istra
tion
empl
oyee
s
est
imat
ed e
xpen
ditu
res:
Per-d
iem
s, ac
com
mod
atio
n an
d tra
nspo
rt (
) le
këFo
r tra
inin
g pa
rtici
patio
n (
) le
këto
tAL
:
Impl
emen
tatio
n pe
riod
:o
utco
me
peri
od:
2008
–201
0A
fter e
ach
trai
ning
57
Proj
ect t
itle:
c
ode:
G3.
o1.
P3.P
r54
obj
ectiv
e:Im
prov
ed fi
nanc
e an
d bo
okke
epin
g in
com
mun
e ad
min
istr
atio
n by
intr
oduc
tion
of
AL
FA a
ccou
ntin
g so
ftw
are
mod
erni
zatio
n of
com
mun
e ad
min
istr
atio
n to
mee
t qua
litat
ivel
y th
e de
man
ds a
nd e
cono
mic
dev
elop
men
t of t
he c
omm
une
Shor
t pro
ject
des
crip
tion:
This
pro
ject
con
sist
s in
the
appl
icat
ion
of th
e ALF
A sy
stem
in th
e ad
min
istra
tion’
s boo
kkee
ping
. It w
ill e
nabl
e di
gita
lizat
ion
of th
e ac
coun
ts.
For r
ealiz
atio
n of
this
pro
ject
, the
follo
win
g st
eps w
ill b
e fo
llow
ed:
1. D
evel
op m
arke
t res
earc
h in
ord
er to
ena
ble
the
sele
ctio
n of
loca
l com
pani
es o
fferin
g di
ffere
nt se
rvic
es a
nd e
stab
lish
the
limit
of fu
nds
2. D
eter
min
e jo
b po
sitio
ns fo
r the
pro
gram
me
impl
emen
tatio
n, a
s wel
l as i
ndiv
idua
ls th
at w
ill re
ceiv
e tra
inin
g, a
nd sy
stem
atiz
atio
n of
exi
stin
g fin
anci
al d
ata
3. D
evel
op p
rocu
rem
ent p
roce
dure
s for
pro
visi
on o
f ser
vice
s, su
ch a
s ins
talla
tion,
trai
ning
and
app
licat
ion
of A
LFA
softw
are
in th
e C
omm
une
adm
inis
tratio
n ne
twor
k4.
Inst
all s
oftw
are
and
copy
exi
stin
g da
ta fr
om th
e da
taba
se, t
hrou
gh a
ssis
tanc
e of
the
win
ning
com
pany
5. T
rain
adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees a
nd tw
o ot
her e
mpl
oyee
s out
side
the
com
mun
e ad
min
istra
tion
in u
se o
f the
softw
are
6. C
ontra
ct a
nnua
lly fo
r sof
twar
e m
aint
enan
ceTh
is so
ftwar
e w
ill fa
cilit
ate
finan
cial
and
boo
kkee
ping
pro
cedu
res,
incl
udin
g th
e ec
onom
ic b
alan
ce o
f the
com
mun
e, a
nd w
ill a
lso
help
in p
lann
ing
and
impl
emen
ting
of th
e in
com
e pl
ans.
Thro
ugh
the
use
of th
is so
ftwar
e it
will
be
poss
ible
to p
rodu
ce a
ccur
ate
docu
men
ts a
nd m
ater
ials
of c
onte
mpo
rary
fina
ncia
l fiel
ds in
a sh
ort t
ime
and
acco
rdin
g to
con
tem
pora
ry st
anda
rds.
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees s
kille
dFi
nanc
ial d
atab
ase
esta
blis
hed
Fina
ncia
l doc
umen
ts p
rodu
ced
with
in a
shor
t tim
eC
onte
mpo
rary
qua
lity
of d
ocum
ents
and
pre
cise
com
mun
icat
ion
with
inst
itutio
ns
Com
mun
e ad
min
istra
tion
Com
mun
ityC
omm
une
rela
ted
inst
itutio
ns
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Adm
inis
tratio
n’s fi
nanc
e em
ploy
ees
Win
ning
com
pany
for p
roje
ct im
plem
enta
tion
Com
mun
ePo
tent
ial d
onor
s
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Mar
ket r
esea
rch
App
rova
l of a
dequ
ate
fund
sSe
lect
ion
of e
mpl
oyee
s to
be tr
aine
d in
use
of t
he so
ftwar
ePr
ovis
ion
of c
ompu
ters
with
nec
essa
ry p
aram
eter
s
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
to im
plem
ent t
he p
roje
ctN
eglig
ence
of l
ocal
adm
inis
tratio
n em
ploy
ees
Syst
emat
izat
ion
of e
xist
ing
data
est
imat
ed e
xpen
ditu
res:
For i
nsta
llatio
n of
the
prog
ram
me
in tw
o jo
b po
sitio
ns a
nd n
etw
ork
setu
p (
) lek
ëFo
r in-
serv
ice
train
ing
of fo
ur e
mpl
oyee
s (
) lek
ëFo
r one
-yea
r mai
nten
ance
con
tract
bey
ond
guar
ante
e (
) lek
ëto
tAL
:Im
plem
enta
tion
peri
od:
out
com
e pe
riod
:D
urin
g ye
ar 2
008
Last
four
mon
ths
of y
ear 2
008
58
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
yPr
ojec
t titl
e:
cod
e: G
3.o
2.P1
.Pr6
2o
bjec
tive:
Est
ablis
hmen
t of l
itera
ry a
nd sc
ient
ific
libra
ry fo
r th
e se
cond
ary
scho
olA
chie
vem
ent o
f sta
ndar
ds fo
r de
velo
pmen
t of c
ompu
lsor
y an
d se
cond
ary
scho
ol e
duca
tion,
alo
ng w
ith th
e de
velo
pmen
t of v
oca-
tiona
l tra
inin
g Sh
ort p
roje
ct d
escr
iptio
n:Th
e re
aliz
atio
n of
this
pro
ject
will
pro
vide
a re
sour
ce fo
r inc
reas
ing
the
know
ledg
e of
stud
ents
and
loca
l adu
lts w
ho w
ant t
o de
velo
p an
d im
prov
e th
eir c
ultu
ral o
r pr
ofes
sion
al le
vel.
The
libra
ry w
ill fa
cilit
ate
the
upda
ting
of in
tere
sted
peo
ple
with
the
late
st n
ews.
The
libra
ry w
ill b
e ar
rang
ed w
ith tw
o se
ctio
ns, o
ne fo
r the
arti
stic
bo
oks a
nd th
e ot
her f
or p
rofe
ssio
nal l
itera
ture
. The
staf
f man
agin
g th
e lib
rary
will
be
train
ed to
faci
litat
e th
e ob
tain
ing
of th
e la
test
new
s and
the
rele
vant
mat
eria
ls.
1. P
rovi
sion
of a
dequ
ate
envi
ronm
ent
2. F
urni
shin
g of
env
ironm
ent w
ith n
eces
sary
equ
ipm
ent
3. S
ettin
g up
of a
wor
king
gro
up to
iden
tify
poss
ibili
ties a
nd n
eces
sitie
s of t
he li
brar
y4.
Iden
tify
list o
f boo
ks th
at c
an b
e pr
ovid
ed b
y in
stitu
tions
free
of c
harg
e5.
Arr
ange
col
labo
ratio
n ag
reem
ent w
ith th
e lib
rary
in P
eshk
opi
6. P
repa
re re
gula
tion
of li
brar
y op
erat
ion,
incl
udin
g m
anag
emen
t met
hods
7. P
repa
re e
xpen
ses e
stim
ate
and
appl
icat
ion
for p
rovi
sion
of n
eces
sary
fund
s8.
Man
age
expe
nses
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith le
gal p
roce
dure
s9.
Inau
gura
te a
nd p
rom
ote
libra
ryo
utco
mes
:B
enefi
ciar
y:Sc
hool
chi
ldre
n w
ill h
ave
the
oppo
rtuni
ty to
exp
loit
libra
ry re
sour
ces
Adu
lts w
ill h
ave
the
oppo
rtuni
ty to
exp
loit
the
libra
ry re
sour
ces
Cha
nces
for s
pend
ing
free
tim
e in
a c
ultu
red
man
ner p
rovi
ded
Kno
wle
dge
of li
brar
y us
ers i
ncre
ased
Com
mun
e ad
min
istra
tion
Com
mun
ityIn
stitu
tions
rela
ted
to th
e co
mm
une
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e an
d se
cond
ary
scho
ol le
ader
sId
entifi
ed d
onor
sC
entra
l and
loca
l aut
horit
y in
stitu
tions
Com
mun
ePo
tent
ial d
onor
sC
entra
l and
loca
l aut
horit
y in
stitu
tions
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Res
earc
h of
nee
ds a
nd p
ossi
bilit
ies
App
rova
l of a
dequ
ate
fund
sId
entif
y lis
t of b
ooks
, whi
ch c
an b
e pr
ovid
ed b
y in
stitu
tions
free
of c
harg
ePr
epar
e re
gula
tion
of li
brar
y op
erat
ions
and
man
agem
ent m
etho
ds
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
to im
plem
ent t
he p
roje
ctN
eglig
ence
of l
ocal
adm
inis
tratio
n an
d sc
hool
em
ploy
ees
est
imat
ed e
xpen
ditu
res:
For a
dapt
atio
n an
d co
mpl
etio
n of
the
envi
ronm
ent
(
) lek
ëFo
r an
initi
al st
ock
of b
ooks
(
) l
ekë
totA
L:
Impl
emen
tatio
n pe
riod
:o
utco
me
peri
od:
Dur
ing
2008
–200
9A
fter 2
009
59
Proj
ect t
itle:
c
ode:
G3.
o3.
P1.P
r66
obj
ectiv
e:tr
aini
ng o
f med
ical
staf
fIm
prov
emen
t of h
ealth
of p
opul
atio
nSh
ort p
roje
ct d
escr
iptio
n:Th
roug
h th
is p
roje
ct tr
aini
ng o
f med
ical
staf
f in
the
prim
ary
heal
th se
rvic
e w
ill b
e ca
rrie
d ou
t, in
ord
er to
mee
t con
tem
pora
ry n
eeds
.Fo
r rea
lizat
ion
of th
is p
roje
ct, t
he fo
llow
ing
step
s will
be
follo
wed
: 1.
Iden
tifica
tion
of tr
aini
ng n
eeds
in c
oope
ratio
n w
ith h
ealth
serv
ice
inst
itutio
ns2.
Iden
tifica
tion
of c
apac
ities
in h
ealth
serv
ice
inst
itutio
ns to
pro
vide
trai
ning
acc
ordi
ng to
iden
tified
them
es3.
Ana
lysi
s of fi
nanc
ial c
apac
ities
for p
rovi
sion
of n
eces
sary
trai
ning
that
can
not b
e pr
ovid
ed b
y th
e pa
rtner
inst
itutio
ns4.
Des
ign
of a
trai
ning
gra
phic
acc
ordi
ng to
them
e an
d pl
an p
artic
ipat
ion
5. C
arry
ing
out o
f tra
inin
g an
d ar
chiv
ing
of tr
aini
ng m
ater
ials
, inc
ludi
ng re
port
and
subs
eque
nt p
ropo
sals
The
pers
pect
ive
of p
oten
tial d
evel
opm
ents
in th
e co
mm
une
will
be
take
n in
to c
onsi
dera
tion
durin
g th
e re
sear
ch o
f nee
ds, i
n or
der t
o pr
e-em
pt sh
ort-t
erm
nee
ds.
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Leve
l of p
rimar
y he
alth
serv
ice
empl
oyee
skill
s inc
reas
edC
onte
mpo
rary
stan
dard
s of h
ealth
serv
ice
reac
hed
Com
mun
ity sa
tisfa
ctio
n le
vel r
egar
ding
serv
ices
offe
red
to c
omm
une
incr
ease
d
Com
mun
e pr
imar
y he
alth
serv
ice
staf
fC
omm
unity
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e he
alth
cen
tre e
xecu
tives
Hea
lth se
rvic
e in
stitu
tions
Hea
lth se
rvic
e in
stitu
tions
Com
mun
e he
alth
cen
tre e
xecu
tives
Spec
ialis
t don
ors
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Res
earc
h in
to n
eeds
and
cap
aciti
esA
ppro
val o
f ade
quat
e fu
nds
Des
ign
of tr
aini
ng g
raph
ic
Lack
of o
ppor
tuni
ties f
or c
arry
ing
out t
rain
ing
Neg
ligen
ce o
f loc
al a
dmin
istra
tion
empl
oyee
s
est
imat
ed e
xpen
ditu
res:
Per d
iem
s, ac
com
mod
atio
n an
d tra
nspo
rt (
) le
këFo
r tra
inin
g pa
rtici
patio
n (
) le
këto
tAL
:Im
plem
enta
tion
peri
od:
out
com
e pe
riod
:20
08–2
010
Afte
r eac
h tr
aini
ng
60
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
yPr
ojec
t titl
e:
cod
e: G
3.o
3.P2
.Pr7
0o
bjec
tive:
Prov
isio
n of
am
bula
nce
for
heal
th c
entr
eIm
prov
emen
t of h
ealth
of p
opul
atio
nSh
ort p
roje
ct d
escr
iptio
n:Th
roug
h th
is p
roje
ct a
n am
bula
nce
will
be
prov
ided
for t
he c
omm
unity
, hel
ping
to so
lve
the
prob
lem
of l
inki
ng th
e pr
imar
y he
alth
cen
tre to
a h
ospi
tal a
nd im
prov
-in
g th
e fir
st-a
id se
rvic
e in
the
even
t of i
nsuf
ficie
nt c
apab
ility
of t
he h
ealth
cen
tre.
For r
ealiz
atio
n of
this
pro
ject
, the
follo
win
g st
eps w
ill b
e fo
llow
ed:
1. P
rocu
rem
ent s
earc
h, in
ord
er to
est
imat
e th
e fu
nds r
equi
red
for p
urch
ase
of a
n am
bula
nce
with
pre
dete
rmin
ed p
aram
eter
s2.
Ana
lysi
s of fi
nanc
ial c
apac
ities
and
pro
visi
on o
f ade
quat
e fu
nds f
or p
urch
ase
of th
e am
bula
nce,
sala
ry fo
r the
driv
er(s
), fu
el a
nd se
rvic
ing
3. C
arry
ing
out o
f pro
cure
men
t pro
cedu
res f
or p
urch
ase
of th
e am
bula
nce
4. S
elec
tion
and
assi
gnm
ent o
f driv
er(s
)5.
Inst
alla
tion
of e
quip
men
t in
desi
gnat
ed p
lace
s6.
Des
ign
of g
raph
ic fo
r am
bula
nce
oper
atio
nO
ppor
tuni
ties f
or c
oope
ratio
n w
ith n
earb
y co
mm
unes
will
be
cons
ider
ed, i
nclu
ding
the
size
of c
ontri
butio
ns a
nd se
rvic
e pr
ovis
ion.
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Leve
l of fi
rst-a
id se
rvic
e im
prov
edC
omm
une
satis
fact
ion
leve
l inc
reas
edM
ore
effe
ctiv
e co
oper
atio
n w
ith o
ther
hea
lth se
rvic
e in
stitu
tions
ach
ieve
d
Com
mun
ityC
hron
ic p
atie
nts
Hea
lth se
rvic
e st
aff
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Pote
ntia
l act
ors:
Pote
ntia
l con
trib
utio
ns in
the
proj
ect:
Com
mun
e au
thor
ities
Cen
tral h
ealth
inst
itutio
nsH
ealth
serv
ice
staf
f
Com
mun
ePo
tent
ial d
onor
sC
entra
l hea
lth in
stitu
tions
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Mar
ket r
esea
rch
for a
mbu
lanc
e w
ith re
quire
d pa
ram
eter
sA
ppro
val o
f ade
quat
e fu
nds
Insu
ffici
ent f
unds
to im
plem
ent t
he p
roje
ctN
eglig
ence
of l
ocal
adm
inis
tratio
n an
d he
alth
cen
tre e
mpl
oyee
se
stim
ated
exp
endi
ture
s:Fo
r pur
chas
e of
an
ambu
lanc
e (
) le
këFo
r rem
uner
atio
n, fu
el, s
ervi
cing
(for
one
yea
r)
(
)
lekë
totA
L:
Impl
emen
tatio
n pe
riod
:o
utco
me
peri
od:
Dur
ing
year
200
8En
d of
yea
r 200
8
61
Proj
ect t
itle:
c
ode:
G3.
o3.
P2.P
r71
obj
ectiv
e:Pr
ovis
ion
of r
efri
gera
tors
for
safe
guar
ding
vac
cine
s in
clin
ics
Impr
ovem
ent o
f hea
lth o
f pop
ulat
ion
Shor
t pro
ject
des
crip
tion:
This
pro
ject
con
sist
s in
the
prov
isio
n of
vac
cine
refr
iger
ator
s in
the
mai
n he
alth
cen
tre a
nd th
e cl
inic
in e
ach
villa
ge.
For r
ealiz
atio
n of
this
pro
ject
, the
follo
win
g st
eps w
ill b
e fo
llow
ed:
1. P
rocu
rem
ent s
earc
h fo
r est
imat
ion
of fu
nds r
equi
red
for p
urch
ase
of th
e re
frig
erat
ors w
ith p
rede
term
ined
par
amet
ers
2. A
naly
sis o
f fina
ncia
l cap
aciti
es a
nd p
rovi
sion
of a
dequ
ate
fund
for p
urch
ase
of re
frig
erat
ors
3. C
arry
ing
out o
f pro
cure
men
t pro
cedu
res f
or p
urch
ase
of th
e re
frig
erat
ors
4. In
stal
latio
n of
refr
iger
ator
s in
pre-
dete
rmin
ed p
lace
s
out
com
es:
Ben
efici
ary:
Vacc
ine
shel
f life
safe
guar
ded
Com
mun
ity sa
tisfa
ctio
n le
vel i
ncre
ased
Tim
e sc
hedu
le fo
r vac
cina
tions
Com
mun
ityH
ealth
serv
ice
staf
fC
omm
une
auth
oriti
esPo
tent
ial a
ctor
s:Po
tent
ial c
ontr
ibut
ions
in th
e pr
ojec
t:C
omm
une
auth
oriti
esC
entra
l hea
lth in
stitu
tions
Hea
lth c
entre
staf
f
Com
mun
ePo
tent
ial d
onor
sC
entra
l hea
lth in
stitu
tions
Prel
imin
ary
cond
ition
s:R
isk
fact
ors:
Mar
ket r
esea
rch
on re
frig
erat
ors w
ith p
aram
eter
s tha
t mee
t act
ual n
eeds
App
rova
l of a
dequ
ate
fund
sIn
suffi
cien
t fun
ds to
impl
emen
t the
pro
ject
Neg
ligen
ce o
f loc
al a
dmin
istra
tion
and
heal
th c
entre
em
ploy
ees
est
imat
ed e
xpen
ditu
res:
Purc
hase
of 1
0 re
frig
erat
ors
(
) l
ekë
Tran
spor
t, in
stal
latio
n an
d ad
apta
tion
expe
nses
(
) lek
ëto
tAL
:Im
plem
enta
tion
peri
od:
out
com
e pe
riod
:D
urin
g ye
ar 2
008
End
of y
ear 2
008
62
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
yAnnex 1: Decision of commune council
RePuBLIc oF ALBAnIA
councIL oF ARRAS commune
D e c I S I o n
No. 1, dated 23.01.2008
On “The approval of the Mid-term Development Strategy, 2008–2015 of Arras Commune in Dibra County”
The Commune Council in its meeting dated January 1st 2008, after discussions on the draft mid-term development strategy, 2008–2015, submitted for consid-eration
D e c I D e D
To approve the Mid-term Development Strategy, 2008–2015 of Arras Com-1. mune, as attached.
This decision enters into force 10 days after it is publicly notified.2.
Chairman of Council
Xhetan Leshi
(signature and seal)
63
Annex 2: Analysis of survey of businesses in Arras
Report on Local Business enabling environment Survey
A business attitude survey was carried out in three communes in the County (Qark) of Dibër during October 2007. The aim of the survey was to provide information to the planning commission of Ar-ras, Zall Dardha and Fushe Çidhën communes with respect to needs and perspectives of business for their future development, and for help in directing energy, effort and money towards increasing the local economic development of these very poor rural areas of Albania.
The questionnaire that was filled in by respondents from the three villages is based on the one used in 2003 for the DELTA (Developing Economies Locally through Techniques and Alliances) project in five cities (Berat, Durrës, Korça, Lezha and Shkodra) of Albania in 2003, with some slight modifications.
This survey was carried out in close collaboration with the head and staff of each commune and the staff of Dibër County Council. Mr Erind Kraja undertook the survey, which was analysed by Dr Iain Wilson.
General information
Samples (Q. 1)
Twenty-five businesses were surveyed and opinions were collected from the following interviewees: owner, 24 businesses (96%), including the general director and finance and marketing manager of at least one business, and finance and marketing manager, one business (4%).
Type of business (Q. 2)
Most (68%) of the businesses were farms. Ten (40%) raised livestock, including one that was also involved in trade, seven (28%) grew crops exclusively, four (16%) were involved in production, including one that was also a trader, and four other (16%) were traders, including one that also provided services.
Ownership (Q. 3)
Most businesses (80%) had a single owner, while four (16%) were jointly owned and one was a co-operative.
Type of produce (Q. 4)
Seven businesses (28%) produced milk, and most of these as their primary product, followed by meat (note the reversal with Fushe Çidhen and Zall Dardha, which listed meat before milk). Five of them also produced wool. Four (16%) farms were involved in fruit production, including one
64
AR
RA
S c
om
mu
ne
, D
IBR
A c
ou
nt
ythat also produced cereal and one that also produced wheat and raised livestock. Two businesses each had their primary activity as trade, cereal production, meat production, agriculture and raising saplings, and one each put down ‘fishery’, ‘cereal, honey and fruit’, ‘medicinal plant collecting’, ‘wheat’ and ‘food goods and flour’.
Length of time in operation (Q. 5)
The length of time that the businesses had been active ranged from two to fifteen years, with the average being just less than seven years.
Marketplace (Q. 6)
Twenty per cent of businesses sold 100 per cent of their produce locally, while others gave a figure ranging from 20 per cent to 90 per cent. Eight (32%) businesses sold all of their produce within the region. Four (16%) businesses sold between 20 per cent and 80 per cent of their produce elsewhere within the country but none exported.
Number of employees (Q. 7)
Twenty-two (88%) of the businesses had five employees or less (eight of these had just one em-ployee and four had none) and one had between eleven and fifty employees.
Views of business environment
Extension of activity (Q. 8)
Nineteen businesses (76%) reported that they would extend their activity within the commune, and two (8%) outside the commune. Two simply reported they would extend their activity, while two (8%) said they did not plan to do so. None had plans to export their produce outside of the country.
Difficulty in finding trained staff (Q. 9)
Most (76%) respondents said they did not have difficulty in finding qualified staff.
Areas of staff training (Q. 10)
Despite the fact that most businesses did not have difficulty in finding adequately trained staff (Q. 9), most (52%) felt that their business would benefit from training in Technical Skills. Smaller numbers (i.e., most left the answers blank) required training in Marketing and Sales (36%), Computer Skills (24%), Management and Quality Control (20% each), Finance and in Budgeting (12% each). One respondent ranked their choice as follows: Marketing and Sales, Management, Budgeting, Quality Control, Finance, Computer Skills and Technical Skills. Another ranked their choice as: Technical Skills, Management, Finance, Computer Skills, Marketing and Sales, Quality Control and Budgeting, and one other put Technical Skills above Management training.
65
Main source of competition (Q. 11)
Twenty-two businesses (88%) reported they faced some competition: from unfair competition (48%), including the black market, imports (36%) and one from ‘lack of irrigation’.
Benefit of businesses associations (Q. 12)
Most (92%) respondents felt that business associations could help develop businesses locally, with none thinking they could not.
Naming business associations (Q. 13)
Six respondents (24%) named a business association, including Trojasi, Seta and Ostushi (12%), two put down Trofta and one each Association of Irrigation and Forestry, and of Farmers. Twelve respondents (48%) said ‘None’, two did not know and two did not answer the question.
Future investments (Q. 14)
Most (92%) respondents said they would make future investments. Thirty-six per cent put down livestock (including 16% specifying genetic stock improvement), 20 per cent specified agricul-ture (one of which also specified fruit, and one cultivating the most demanded plants), another 20 per cent specified fruit growing (two of which also put down livestock as a second area), and two (8%) put down trade. Two respondents would not make future investments, one because of the poor roads.
Factors impeding business expansion (Q. 15)
All respondents gave reasons for prevention of expansion of their business. The top issue was infrastructure (68%), which includes poor roads (44%) and lack of surface area (4%). Other issues mentioned were lack of market and of funds (12% each), illegal competition and low economic level, each recorded by one respondent.
There was a wide range of second main reasons given for prevention of expansion of business, including lack of processing equipment (16%), low productivity and low economic level of the community (12% each), and poor infrastructure (8%), and one respondent each mention-ing distance form market, lack of roads and bridges to town, of sale contracts, seeds, funds, irrigation, market and of bank credits, with high interest rates for loans, unfair competition and high prices.
Most of the third main reasons given were financial, including low purchasing power and lack of market (16% each), and lack of finance (12%), followed by infrastructure (12%), low economic level of community, lack of state guarantee and unfair competition (8% each). Lack of equipment and of irrigation, low level of planting of saplings and high interest rates were each mentioned by one respondent.
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yMost respondents (84%) gave a fourth most important issue, and these included poor breeds (12%), unfair competition, low purchasing power, high fertiliser costs, lack of market, poor infrastructure and snowfall (8% each), followed by lack of funds, drinking water, seeds and labour force, and poor roads and large distance from urban areas.
Nearly half the respondents put down a fifth issue, and these included lack of food supply and large distance to urban areas (12% each), lack of electricity, herbicides, mountain and family tourism, recognition of tourism potential and surface areas planted, high prices of fertilisers and seeds, poor infrastructure and difficult terrain.
Assessment of local institutions
Time spent on obtaining licence or permit (Q. 16)
Most interviewees answered this question, with responses ranging from one day to 30 days to obtain permission, with an average among those that answered of 10 days.
Specific issues affecting business (Q. 17)
The two biggest problems that businesses have with local government is the informal economy and high costs (40% and 36%, respectively, saying it has a great impact), followed by unfair competition, lost time and corruption (16% each). Too frequent rule changes, rules overlapping and unpredictable requirements had a serious affect on only twelve per cent of businesses and rules too complex on only eight per cent.
Issues with some impact on many businesses included rules changing too often (44%), corruption (40%), high costs (32%), unpredictable requirements (28%), rules too complex and lost time (24% each), rules overlapping (20%), unfair competition (16%) and informal economy (12%).
Issues that most businesses said had no effect on their performance included time lost (60%), rules too complex, unpredictable requirements and unfair competition (52% each), rules overlapping (48%), frequent rule change (44%), corruption (36%), informal economy (32%) and high costs (24%).
How Commune can help business (Q. 18)
The primary area most businesses (60%) thought that local government could improve was In-frastructure. Three respondents also selected this area but without ranking it against their other choices. Four respondents (16%) put Improve Tax Policies and two put Offer Training.
Infrastructure and Tax Policies also ranked second among 20 per cent of businesses each, Training and Provision of Information were each placed second by twelve per cent of businesses, while one respondent chose Procedures.
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Information, Procedures, Tax Policies and Training and Infrastructure were ranked third by 20, 16, 12, 12 and four per cent of respondents, respectively.
Procedures ranked fourth among 20 per cent of respondents, followed by Training (8%). Informa-tion and Tax Policies were each chosen fourth by one respondent.
Three areas were selected fifth: Training (24%), Tax Policies (8%) and Information by one re-spondent
Four respondents (16%) selected Other, including two who specified ‘Work with foundations to help farmers in business’.
How often inspected by authorities (Q. 19)
One (unvisited) respondent thought that visits by all of the authorities do not apply.
Two (8%) businesses had been visited, one on two occasions, for Accounts inspection, in the previous year by the local Directorate of Taxes and Fees. A fine (5,000 and 87,000 lekë) was paid by each business. Nine out of the ten respondents who answered thought that such a visit was reasonable.
Eleven businesses (44%) had been visited, one on two occasions, in the previous year by the local Sanitary Inspection. Two respondents gave the reason as Quality. Only two of the respond-ents thought these visits reasonable, with three, plus another unvisited business, thinking them unreasonable.
Thirteen businesses (52%) had been visited at least once (five of them twice, and one eight times) in the previous year by Commune officials. One respondent put down the reason as ‘To Offer’. Seven respondents, including five that had been visited (including the one visited eight times) said such visits were reasonable. Two respondents said such a visit does not apply.
Two businesses had been visited (once) by the Licensing Authority, and one paid a fine of 5,000 lekë. Four respondents said such visits were reasonable.
One respondent had received at least one visit by the Environmental Authority. Three respondents thought such a visit unreasonable and two reasonable.
Twelve (48%) respondents had received visits by the Local Government Police (for security), four of them on three occasions. Nine respondents thought such visits were reasonable.
No businesses had received visits by other officials.
Factors supporting management efficiency (Q. 20; see Table 1)
Issues that were mostly regarded as a big problem for effective management of business included roads (by 92% of respondents), water supply (72%), electricity (60%), effective services to sup-port business (40%) and, to a much lesser extent, corruption (36%). Other issues were regarded
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yas a big problem by 32 per cent of businesses or fewer, with police protection and crime being left blank.Indeed, police protection and crime were regarded as the least problem, being thought as not a prob-lem by 64 per cent and 48 per cent of respondents, respectively. Also, quality of local governance was regarded as not a problem by 64 per cent of respondents, and tax levels by 36 per cent.Issues that were mostly regarded as a slight problem included lack of qualified personnel (44%) and residential costs (40%). Other issues were regarded as a slight problem by 32 per cent of respondents, or fewer.Urban Planning and Education were left blank by 40 per cent and 44 per cent of respondents, respectively.
table 1. Question 20: Please evaluate each of these factors for the supportive role they play in increasing the effectiveness of management of your business
Factors that help business notdifficult Difficult Very
difficult n/a
Quality of roads 2 23
Permits and licences for exercising activity 8 8 2
Supply with electricity 8 15
Supply with water 1 1 18
Environments where business is active / land 13 3 3
Protection by police 16 2 1Protection from fire 6 4 6 1Urban planning and zoning 6 4 4 1Tax levels 9 3 5
Hospitals and health care 4 5 8
Education system 1 6 7Costs for telecommunications 7 1 3 4Crime, theft and lack of order 12 1 4
Quality of local governance 16 1
Residential costs 5 10 3
Lack of qualified personnel 2 11 3Corruption 6 1 9 3Access and costs for financial resources 1 8 8
Effective services to support businesses 4 4 10
Level of support for local SMEs (Q. 21)
There was a wide range of views on level of provision of support to SMEs in the commune.Business associations: not very good, 20%; satisfactory, 4%; good 12%; very good, 8%; don’t know, 4%, irrelevant, 20%; left blank, 32%.
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Professional associations: not very good, 24%; satisfactory, 4%; good 8%; very good, 4%; don’t know, 4%; irrelevant, 20%; left blank, 36%.Local government: not very good, 0%; satisfactory, 32%; good 4%; very good, 48%; don’t know, 0%, irrelevant, 0%; left blank, 12%.Services: not very good, 12%; satisfactory, 20%; good 24%; very good, 16%; don’t know, 8%, irrelevant, 0%; left blank, 20%.Regional Economic Development Office: not very good, 16%; satisfactory, 4%; good 4%; very good, 4%; don’t know, 8%, irrelevant, 4%; left blank, 60%.International organisations: not very good, 8%; satisfactory, 0%; good 0%; very good, 4%; don’t know, 12%, irrelevant, 12%; left blank, 64%.NGOs: not very good, 0%; satisfactory, 12%; good 12%; very good, 4%; don’t know, 36%, ir-relevant, 16%; left blank, 20%.
Level of cooperation with local institutions (Q. 22)
The Mayor’s Office, and Commune Council and Commune Tax Office were regarded by 76 per cent, 72 per cent and 68 per cent of respondents, respectively, as being very supportive. These offices were regarded by others as supportive (20%, 12% and 16%, respectively). The Prefect’s Office was regarded by 52 per cent of respondents as supportive (28% didn’t know), while the District Tax Office was regarded by 44 per cent of respondents as not supportive, by eight per cent as supportive and by 12 per cent as very supportive (20% left the answer blank). There was a wide range of views on the Regional LED Office, with 32 per cent think-ing it supportive, eight per cent as very supportive, twelve per cent as not supportive, 20 per cent didn’t know, eight per cent thought it irrelevant and 20 per cent left it blank.
Local office supportive of business (Q. 23)
Nearly one-third of respondents (32%) did not know of an office that had helped their business. However, 28 per cent named the Services Office, 12 per cent each mentioned the Veterinary Service and Agriculture Office, two respondents named the Finance Office (including one that had already specified Agriculture), another two put down ‘no one’, while one mentioned the Mayor’s Office.
Local office NOT supportive of business (Q. 24)
Just over half of respondents (52%) did not know of an office that negatively impacted their busi-ness, two respondents put down ‘All’, five (20%) put ‘None’, and one put ‘Investment’.
Local office that deals with LED (Q. 25)
Many (40%) of respondents said they did not know of an office in their commune that deals with local economic development, and two respondents put ‘None’. Nearly one-third (32%) put down ‘Investment’, two Social Support and one each the Mayor’s Office and Finance and Tax Office.
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yGroup most active in stimulating LED (Q. 26)
Seventy-six per cent of respondents thought the commune government was most active in stimu-lating LED, one thought a private-public partnership organisation, while two respondents did not know and three left it blank. Of the 20 that ticked an organisation, 16 (i.e. 80%) thought the Commune did not even partially finance that organisation (including fourteen that had ticked ‘Commune’), while three thought it gave financial support to itself.
Group that deals with LED in commune (Q. 27)
More than two-thirds of respondents (68%) thought the Mayor’s Office deals with LED issues, while 24 per cent specified they did not know.
Views on economic development
Three sectors with quickest growth in commune (Q. 28)
Nearly half of respondents (40%) put down agriculture as the most rapidly growing sector in the commune, followed by livestock (28%). Sixteen per cent specified orchards, and one each medicinal plants and fish hatchery.
Forty-eight per cent put down livestock as the second fastest growing sector, 20 per cent put down agriculture and 16 per cent orchards.
Thirty-two per cent put down orchards as the third fastest growing sector in the commune, fol-lowed by fodder and bee-keeping (12% each). Livestock, agriculture, vineyards, communications, hydro-electricity and electricity were each put down once by one respondent.
Three sectors with quickest decline in commune (Q. 29)
Nearly one-third of respondents (32%) put down wheat or cereal production as the sector experienc-ing the most rapid decline locally, followed by infrastructure or super-structure (16%), construction and agriculture (12% each) and medicinal plants (8%). One each put down bee keeping, level of economy and the ground, and one specified ‘everything is going down’.
Construction was seen by nearly half of respondents (40%) as the second fastest declining sector, followed by fodder (8%). One respondent each put down cereal production, livestock, economy, bee keeping, infrastructure, milk processing, produce processing and poultry.
Nearly one-third of respondents (32%) thought that produce processing was the third most rapidly declining sector, followed by market or trade (12%) and orchards (8%). One respondent each put down economic level, construction, bee keeping, vineyards and infrastructure.
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Three most attractive aspects for business development in commune (Q. 30)
The most often quoted most attractive local aspect for business development was the labour force (40%), including both cheap and qualified, followed by interest or passion of the community for development (20%), climate, topology and orchards and vineyards (8% each). One respondent each put down local calmness and security, experience in collecting medicinal plants and the culture of the people.
The second most attractive aspects were labour force (24% each), climate and passion of the people (16% each), natural beauty (12%) and agriculture (8%). Other aspects that received one mention were common grazing, experience in livestock, generosity and hospitality of the com-munity and topology.
The third most attractive aspects were qualified or cheap labour force (20%), good climate (16%), level of economy (12%), solidarity of the community, environment, livestock, and forests and pastures (8% each), followed by experience in collecting and planting hazelnuts.
Three most impeding factors (Q. 31)
Poor infrastructure was the most common important factor impeding business development (60%), followed by lack of grazing or pastures, and poor purchasing power (12% each), lack of trade (8%), high prices and lack of development projects (one mention each).
Low purchasing power was the second most important factor most commonly mentioned (28%), followed by lack of a market or trade, including of ‘feritza’ (20%), breed quality (12%), high prices, infrastructure and lack of state support (8% each) and lack of processing, large distance to urban centres, lack of hotels and of development projects.
The third most important factors most commonly mentioned were high prices, poor purchasing power, lack of trade and an unbalanced diet and poor infrastructure, including poor roads and lack of irrigation (12% each), followed by ‘winter’, lack of supportive policies. Unfair competition and lack of professionalism and of local historical values were mentioned once each.
Change in business over last three years (Q. 32)
Nearly half (40%) of respondents thought that the business environment had remained stagnant over the past three years, with one third (32%) thinking it had improved and only eight percent thinking it had deteriorated. Five interviewees did not answer the question.
Three activities to contribute to LED in commune (Q. 33)
The main activities that respondents would undertake towards helping improve LED would be to increase production (24%), followed by agri-processing (16%), improve infrastructure (12%) and improve quality of breeds (8% each). One respondent each put increase quality of produce, raise trout, serve traditional produce, develop tourism, increase planted areas, maintain stable prices,
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yorchards, single market and initiative (who also specified willingness second and money, if they have the possibility, as third).
The most mentioned second important activity for contribution was increasing production (20%), followed by increasing quality of produce and creating contracts (16% each), working with the environment and business insurance (8% each). Other activities that were mentioned once were increasing planted areas, improving hygiene, sowing and cultivating medicinal plants, increase the number of saplings planted and increasing trade.
The most mentioned third important activity was increasing productivity (20%), followed by insur-ing business (12%), and creating contracts with other areas. Other activities that were mentioned once included involving community in development projects, developing tourism, producing organic foods, improving quality of produce, increasing the number of workers, size of planted areas, quality control, bring produce closer to the consumer, improving conditions for school children, improving breeds and soil and agriculture.
Description of economic base in commune over last five years (Q. 34)
The most common view on how the economy had changed over the previous five years was that it had shown slow growth (68%). Twelve per cent of respondents thought it had shown consider-able growth, eight per cent each thought it had remained the same or shown slow decline, while one respondent thought it had grown quickly.