APUSH Mr. Buttell Key Concept 3.1 Part I & Part II-A

Lasting Effects of Lasting Effects of the Awakeningthe Awakening

• Greatly increased the Greatly increased the number and number and competitiveness of competitiveness of churcheschurches

• 11stst spontaneous mass spontaneous mass movement of the movement of the American peopleAmerican people

• Broke down sectional Broke down sectional boundaries as well as boundaries as well as denominational lines denominational lines

Pioneer PressesPioneer Presses• Ben Franklin establishes the Ben Franklin establishes the

first privately funded library in first privately funded library in PhillyPhilly

• By 1776, 50 public librariesBy 1776, 50 public libraries• 40 colonial newspapers = 40 colonial newspapers =

airing problems with the airing problems with the crown and opposition to crown and opposition to British controlBritish control

• John Zenger assailed the John Zenger assailed the corrupt royal Gov. of NY, corrupt royal Gov. of NY, charged with libel, found not charged with libel, found not guilty since statements were guilty since statements were truetrue

• This case serves as turning This case serves as turning point to eventual Freedom of point to eventual Freedom of PressPress

Game of politicsGame of politics

• 1775, 8 colonies Royal, 3 1775, 8 colonies Royal, 3 Proprietors (MD, DE, PA) and Proprietors (MD, DE, PA) and 2 charter (self-governing, RI 2 charter (self-governing, RI and CT)and CT)

• Most states have 2 chamber Most states have 2 chamber legislaturelegislature

• Self-taxation through Self-taxation through representation was representation was American privilege that was American privilege that was cherishedcherished

• Colonial assemblies paid for Colonial assemblies paid for governors salaries which led governors salaries which led to tensions (power of the to tensions (power of the purse)purse)

• 1775, not yet a true 1775, not yet a true democracy but far more democracy but far more advanced compared to advanced compared to England and Europe in England and Europe in press, assembly, speech press, assembly, speech and rep govt.and rep govt.

North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

Tensions Build•European conflicts between England, France & Spain spill over to the colonies•Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 transferred ownership of Nova Scotia (Acadia) and Newfoundland to England•King George’s War 1744-48 led to the colonists taking Fort Louisbourg, only to have to return it to French (Bitter)•English start building forts in Ohio Valley, French get mad•Iroquois choose side of English•Summer of 1754, VA sends militia led by Washington into Ohio Valley•Fort Necessity (WEAK)

BritishBritish FrenchFrench

Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin representatives representatives fromfrom New England, NY, MD, PA New England, NY, MD, PA

A Albany CongressAlbany Congress failed, Iroquois failed, Iroquois broke off relations with broke off relations with Britain & threatened to Britain & threatened to trade with the French. trade with the French.

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

Gen. Edward Braddock Gen. Edward Braddock evict the evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)

A Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,Valley, & Acadia. & Acadia.A Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian by 1500 French and Indian forces.forces.Only Br. Success Only Br. Success expelled expelled

French French to Louisiana. to Louisiana.

CAJUNS CAJUNS (Acadians)(Acadians)

1755 1755 Br. Decides Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. to Eliminate Fr. Presence in No. Presence in No.

Amer.Amer.

1755 1755 Br. Decides Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. to Eliminate Fr. Presence in No. Presence in No.

Amer.Amer.

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

A Moral was down and colonists Moral was down and colonists frustrated. He understood colonial frustrated. He understood colonial concerns.concerns.A He offered them a compromise:He offered them a compromise:

-- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. >Br. would reimburse col. assemblies would reimburse col. assemblies forfor their costs. their costs.

Also returned military recruitment Also returned military recruitment to the assemblies. Sent large to the assemblies. Sent large troopstroopsRESULTS?RESULTS? Colonial morale Colonial morale increased by 1758. increased by 1758.

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

** By 1761, Spain has become an ally of By 1761, Spain has become an ally of France.France.

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

North America in North America in 17541754

North America in North America in 17541754

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763

1.1. It increased her colonial empire It increased her colonial empire in in the Americas. the Americas.

2.2. It greatly enlarged England It greatly enlarged England’’s s debt.debt.

3.3. Britain Britain’’s contempt for the s contempt for the colonials colonials created bitter feelings. created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary! was necessary!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

17631763 PontiacPontiac’’s s RebellionRebellion

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

British British ““giftsgifts”” of smallpox- of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

British British ProclamationProclamation Line of 1763. Line of 1763.

Colonials Colonials Paxton Boys Paxton Boys (PA)(PA)

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!

Famous Presidential Quotes

• “Revolution broke out, because Britain failed to recognize an emerging nation when it saw one.”

–Teddy Roosevelt

MercantilismMercantilism

• London looked at colonists as tenants

• Navigation Laws loosely enforced for 125 years

• Crown reserved the right to nullify any legislation passed by the colonial assemblies

• Most laws had little impact• Smuggling was common

(John Hancock made a fortune)

• Shipbuilding, tobacco flourished while being heavily protected by fleet

1.1. Sugar Act - 1764 Sugar Act - 1764

2.2. Currency Act - 1764 Currency Act - 1764

4.4. Stamp Act - 1765 Stamp Act - 1765

3.3. Quartering Act - 1765 Quartering Act - 1765

George GrenvilleGeorge Grenville’’s s Program, 1763-1765Program, 1763-1765George GrenvilleGeorge Grenville’’s s

Program, 1763-1765Program, 1763-1765

Stamp Tax – raise revenue Stamp Tax – raise revenue for new military forcefor new military force

Vice-Admiralty Courts for Vice-Admiralty Courts for violatorsviolators

Sons of LibertySons of Liberty – – began in began in NYC:NYC:Samuel Samuel Adams AdamsStamp Act Congress (NYC)Stamp Act Congress (NYC) – – 17651765 ** Stamp Act ResolvesStamp Act Resolves

Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act – – 17661766

Stamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act Crisis

17671767 Charles Charles ““Champagne CharlieChampagne Charlie”” Townshend, Secretary of the Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer.Exchequer.

A Shift from paying taxes for Br. Shift from paying taxes for Br. war war debts & quartering of troops debts & quartering of troops paying royal govt. salaries. paying royal govt. salaries.A Indirect tax payable at American Indirect tax payable at American ports. Led to increase in ports. Led to increase in smuggling.smuggling.A Tax these imports Tax these imports paper, paint, paper, paint, lead, glass, tea. lead, glass, tea.

A Increase of soldiers to deal with Increase of soldiers to deal with breakdown of law. Clash was breakdown of law. Clash was inevitableinevitable

Townshend Duties Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770Crisis: 1767-1770Townshend Duties Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770Crisis: 1767-1770

1.1. Non-importation (Boycott) all Non-importation (Boycott) all goods from England.goods from England.

2.2. Restraining Act of 1767 shuts Restraining Act of 1767 shuts down NY Assembly down NY Assembly

3.3. 1768 1768 2 2ndnd non-importation non-importation movement: movement: ** ““Daughters of LibertyDaughters of Liberty”” ** spinning beesspinning bees4.4. Riots against customs Riots against customs agents:agents: ** John Hancock John Hancock’’s ship, the s ship, the LibertyLiberty.. ** 4000 British troops sent 4000 British troops sent to Boston. to Boston.

Colonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend the Townshend

DutiesDuties

Colonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend the Townshend

DutiesDuties