By: Mr. ButtellAPUSH WBHS

Early Emancipation in the North

Missouri Compromise, 1820

Lone Star Rebellion

Austin leads groups of Americans into Texas

Issues with the Mexican govt. spring up and lead to problems.

Slavery is the issue After slaughter at the

Alamo and Goliad, Houston holds off Santa Anna at Battle of San Jacinto

Characteristics of the Antebellum South

1. Primarily agrarian.

2. Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.”

3. “Cotton Is King!” * 1860 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports).

4. Very slow development of industrialization.

5. Rudimentary financial system.

6. Inadequate transportation system.

Southern Society (1850)“Slavocracy”

[plantation owners]

The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers]

6,000,000

Black Freemen

Black Slaves3,200,000

250,000

Total US Population 23,000,000[9,450,000 in the South = 40%]

US Laws Regarding Slavery

1. U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2]

2. 1793 Fugitive Slave Act.

3. 1850 stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

Slavery Was Less Efficient

in the U. S. than Elsewhere

J High cost of keeping slaves fromescaping.

J GOAL raise the “exit cost.”u Slave patrols.

u Southern Black Codes.

u Cut off a toe or a foot.

Slave Resistance• Refusal to work hard.

• Isolated acts of sabotage.

• Escape via the Underground Railroad.

Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages

The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South

1822

Gabriel Prosser

1800

Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South:

Nat Turner, 1831

The Culture of Slavery1. Black Christianity [Baptists or

Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals.

2. “Pidgin” or Gullah languages.

3. Nuclear family with extended kin links,where possible.

4. Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals].

Abolitionist Movemente 1816 American Colonization Society created (gradual, voluntary emancipation.

British Colonization Society symbol

Abolitionist Movement

e Create a free slave state in Liberia, WestAfrica.

e No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North in the 1820s & 1830s.

Gradualists Immediatists

William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)

e Slavery & Masonryundermined republicanvalues.

e Immediate emancipation with NO compensation.

e Slavery was a moral, notan economic issue. R2-4

The Liberator

Premiere issue January 1, 1831

R2-5

Other White Abolitionists

Lewis Tappan

Arthur Tappan

James Birney

e Liberty Party.e Ran for President

in 1840 & 1844.

Black Abolitionists

David Walker(1785-1830)

1829 Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World

Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites.

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass1847 “The North Star”

R2-12

Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)

or Isabella Baumfree

1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth R2-10

Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)

e Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.

e $40,000 bounty on her head.

e Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.

“Moses”

Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground

Railroad

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroade “Conductor” ==== leader of the

escape

e “Passengers” ==== escaping slaves

e “Tracks” ==== routes

e “Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves

e “Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep