Vaccine SelectionVaccine Selection

Jef M. Hammond, Donald P. King, Nick J. Knowles, Jemma Wadsworth, Bob Statham, Yanmin Li, Phil

Keel, Jo Stoner, Pip Hamblin, Ginette Wilsden, Geoff H. Hutchings, Nigel P. Ferris, Valerie Mioulet, Miki

Madi, Begona Valdozo, Faiza Hamid and Elizabeth Wilson

Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF,

UNITED KINGDOM

Vaccine Vaccine Recommendations (Antigen Recommendations (Antigen BBanksanks))

Vaccine recommendations for free countries included in

each quarterly report

How to:How to:

• Improve process for vaccine recommendations

• Increase information made generally available

• Provide a clearer understanding of risk

• More of a systems approach

The Importance ofThe Importance of NetworksNetworks

• OIE/FAO FMD Reference laboratory network

• FMD Vaccine Bank holders network

• PTS network

laboratory diagnosislaboratory diagnosis

vaccine matching

• Global FMD Research Alliance

• SEACFMD and other initiatives

To make available accurate and timely global surveillance information– Value of sharing information

– Developing trust and shared vision

WRLFMD

Enhanced Enhanced Surveillance: Surveillance: OIE/FAO OIE/FAO Lab networkLab network

• WRLFMD: Pirbright, UK

• RRLSEA: Pakchong, Thailand

• LVRI: Lanzhou, China

• FGI ARRIAH: Vladimir, Russia

• PDFMD: Mukteswar, India

• RRLSSA: Gabarone, Botswana

• FMD-Laboratory: Embakasi, Kenya• FMD-Laboratory: Embakasi, Kenya

• PANAFTOSA: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

• LFADLCT: Argentina

• ARC-OVI: Onderstepoort, RSA

• PIADC: Plum Island, USA

• CODA-CERVA-VAR: Ukkel, Belgium

Approximately ~2300 samples

tested during 2010

Institute for Animal Health

OutputsOutputs

Current•Highly detailed analysis of virus

•Serotype

•Genotype/strain

•Possible source

•Vaccine matching by lab assay•Average number of r values generated per week = 23.22 •Average number of r1 values generated per week = 23.22

•Total number of r1 values generated in 2010 = 1209

•Animal experiments

•Detailed reports

Progress•Complete genome analysis

•Epitope mapping

•Antigenic cartography

•Combine data from all inputs to provide a more

comprehensive analysis

•Use of high potency vaccines

500

600

700

samples

isolates

In total 38 different countries submitted 2,338 samples toOIE/FAO FMD Network Laboratories

53% to WRLFMD

Samples and virus isolates made by region in 2010. Samples and virus isolates made by region in 2010.

0

100

200

300

400

500

Eastern Asia Southern

Asia

Eur-Asia Eastern

Africa

Western

Africa

Southern

Africa

South

America

isolates

80%

8.5%

7%2% 2.5%

O

A

SAT 1

SAT 2

OverviewOverview ofof serotypingserotyping resultsresults forfor 20102010

Asia 1

80% of the samples characterised in 2010 were O serotype.

Note that serotypes C and SAT 3 were not detected.

150

200

250

300

2010 2011

Samples processed by WRLFMD Samples processed by WRLFMD

0

50

100

AF

GH

AN

IST

AN

**

BA

HR

AIN

BO

TS

WA

NA

BU

LGA

RIA

CA

MB

OD

IA

EC

UA

DO

R

ER

ITR

EA

ET

HIO

PIA

HO

NG

KO

NG

IRA

N

KE

NY

A

LAO

S

LIB

YA

MA

LAY

SIA

MO

NG

OLI

A

MO

ZA

MB

IQU

E

MY

AN

MA

R

NE

PA

L

NIG

ER

IA

PA

KIS

TA

N*

**

QA

TA

R

SE

NE

GA

L

SO

UT

H A

FR

ICA

SO

UT

H K

OR

EA

TA

NZ

AN

IA

TH

AIL

AN

D

TU

RK

EY

**

**

UN

ITE

D A

RA

B

EM

IRA

TE

S

VIE

TN

AM

ZA

MB

IA

ZIM

BA

BW

E

3

4

5

6

Vaccine matching with Vaccine matching with

O O ManisaManisa 20112011

No Match

Match

-2

-1

0

1

2

Iran Pakistan Turkey Bulgaria Israel ROK

Software: MEGA 5.0

Analysis

Analysis ---------------------------- Phylogeny Reconstruction

Scope ------------------------------- All Selected Taxa

Statistical Method ------------------ Neighbor-joining

Phylogeny Test

Test of Phylogeny ------------------- Bootstrap method

No. of Bootstrap Replications ------- 1000

Substitution Model

Substitutions Type ------------------ Nucleotide

Model/Method ------------------------ Kimura 2-parameter model

Substitutions to Include ------------ d: Transitions + Transversions

Rates and Patterns

Rates among Sites ------------------- Uniform rates

Pattern among Lineages -------------- Same (Homogeneous)

Data Subset to Use

Gaps/Missing Data Treatment --------- Pairwise deletion

Codons Included --------------------- 1st+2nd+3rd+Non-Coding

No. of Sites : 635

No Of Bootstrap Reps = 1000

Only bootstrap values of 70% and above are shown

Asia1/PAK/32/2011

Asia1/PAK/38/2011

Asia1/PAK/109/2010

Asia1/PAK/50/2011

Asia1/PAK/49/2011

Asia1/PAK/39/2011

Asia1/PAK/37/2011

Asia1/PAK/36/2011

Asia1/PAK/35/2011

Asia1/PAK/16/2011

Asia1/PAK/15/2011

Asia1/PAK/14/2011

Asia1/PAK/13/2011

Asia1/PAK/12/2011

Asia1/PAK/11/2011

Asia1/PAK/8/2011

Asia1/PAK/7/2011

Asia1/PAK/111/2010

Asia1/PAK/110/2010

Asia1/PAK/108/2010

Asia1/PAK/106/2010

Asia1/PAK/33/2011

Asia1/PAK/34/2011

Asia1/PAK/17/2011

Asia1/BAR/1/2011

Asia1/BAR/2/2011

Asia1/BAR/3/2011

Asia1/BAR/4/2011

Asia1/IRN/43/2011

88

100

FMDV Asia 1 - 2011

*, not a WRLFMD Ref. No.

N.J. Knowles & J. Wadsworth, 27 April 2011

© Institute for Animal Health

Asia1/IRN/43/2011

Asia1/IRN/33/2011

Asia1/IRN/46/2011

Asia1/IRN/38/2011

Asia1/PAK/6/2011

Asia1/PAK/47/2011

Asia1/PAK/8/2008

Asia1/PAK/26/2009

Asia1/PAK/27/2009

Asia1/PAK/29/2009

Asia1/IRN/25/2004 (DQ121120)

Asia1/YNBS/CHA/58 (AY390432)

Asia1/CAM/9/80

Asia1/Shamir/ISR/89

Asia1/BAR/8/2009

Asia1/BAR/9/2009

Asia1/IND 32/08* (HQ224556)

Asia1/IND 12/07* (HQ224553)

Asia1/IND 227/07* (HQ224555)

Asia1/IND 121/07* (HQ224554)

Asia1/IND 97/08* (HQ224560)

Asia1/IND 95/08* (HQ224558)

Asia1/IND 93/08* (HQ224557)

Asia1/IND 96/08* (HQ224559)

Asia1/IND 137/08* (HQ224561)

Asia1/Jiangsu/CHA/2005 (DQ156527)

Asia1/PAK/1/54

99

100

98

100

85

99

100

99

100

0.02

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

Vaccine matching with Asia 1 in 2011Vaccine matching with Asia 1 in 2011

Only based on 8 samples so farOnly based on 8 samples so far

Requirement for a challenge studyRequirement for a challenge study

-4.5

-4

-3.5

-3

-2.5

-2

Bahrain Iran Pakistan

No Match

Match

What can we do to improve chances of What can we do to improve chances of

matching field strains and vaccines?matching field strains and vaccines?

Purple – Africa

Green – Euro/S. America

Blue - Asia

0.07

PAUP*

outgroup OMANISA

Maximum Liklihood

What can we do to improve methods for What can we do to improve methods for

matching field strains and vaccines?matching field strains and vaccines?

Purple – Africa

Green – Euro/S. America

Blue - Asia

0.07

PAUP*

outgroup OMANISA

Maximum Liklihood

Systems Approach Compiling Systems Approach Compiling

Information LayersInformation Layers

For gathering information on FMD outbreaks and risk of spread

•3 areas of information layers

•Agricultural•Agricultural

•Climate

•Environmental

Plus FMD specific information

Information layersInformation layers

• Serotype

• Sequence

• Vaccine matching

What does WRLFMD and FMD network provide?

• Global Information

• Global surveillance

• Global early warning

Can we obtain the other layers Can we obtain the other layers

through OIE/FAO and other through OIE/FAO and other

organisations?organisations?

Data gathered for FMD modellingData gathered for FMD modelling

Data gathered for other purposesData gathered for other purposes