Appendix 11

“New tools and challenges for progressive control”Open Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (Austria) 29 September ‐ 1 October 2010

FMD risk assessment andthreat detection

Dr Jef M Hammond, Donald P. King, Nick J. Knowles, Jemma Wadsworth, Bob Statham, Yanmin Li, Phil Keel, Jo Stoner, Anna Ludi, Pip Hamblin, Ginette Wilsden, Geoff H. Hutchings, Nigel Ferris,

Valerie Mioulet, Faizah Hamid, Miki Madi, Elizabeth Wilson.

Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF,UNITED KINGDOM

Background

• FMD most contagious disease of livestock

• 7 serotypes and multiple subtypes

• No single vaccine

• No single test

• Constant threat to free countries

• Major constraint to endemic countries

• Very high costs – preparedness : control

•Where is it?

Talk Overview• Middle and Near East

• Far-East

• Africa

• Asia

• South America

• Somewhere new?

risk assessment and threat detection •What is it? •and What is it doing?

Talk OverviewO/VIT/4/2005

O/VIT/4/05* (TRRL)

O/VIT/10/05* (TRRL)

O/HLJOC12/03 (China) (DQ119643)

O/MOG/2004 (ARRIAH)

O/VIT/6/05* (TRRL)

O/VIT/9/05* (TRRL)

O/MYA/1/04* (TRRL)

O/MYA/2/04* (TRRL)

O/MYA/10/2009

O/MYA/11/2009

O/HKN/6/2010

O/HKN/18/2010

O/HKN/1/2010

O/HKN/4/2010

O/HKN/19/2010

O/HKN/20/2010

O/TAI/22/2009

O/MYA/5/2009

O/MYA/6/2009

O/SKR/4/2010

O/Ganghwa/SKR/2010 (NVRQS)

O/JPN/2010 (NIAH)

O/RUS/2010 (ARRIAH)

O/HKN/15/2010

O/HKN/8/2010

O/HKN/7/2010

O/HKN/13/2010

O/HKN/14/2010

O/HKN/12/2010

O/HKN/11/2010

O/HKN/9/2010

O/HKN/10/2010

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•Do we need to do something about it?

•What can we do?

Talk Overview Where is it?• Middle and Near East

• Far-East

• Africa

• Asia

• South America

• Somewhere new?

Appendix 11

“New tools and challenges for progressive control”Open Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (Austria) 29 September ‐ 1 October 2010

Conjectured Status of FMDJuly 2010

Intermediate, sporadic

Endemic

Free

Free. Virus present in game parks

Free with vaccination

Countries with multiples zones:FMD-free, free with vaccination or not free

Regional Virus Pools to Aid Global Control

•Each pool has specific viral lineages•Tailored vaccines/diagnostics may be appropriate

slide title (1/20)

Information Sources

g/ref_labs/fmd_ref_lab_reports.htm

slide title (1/20)

Information Sources

Information Sources Information Sources

Appendix 11

“New tools and challenges for progressive control”Open Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (Austria) 29 September ‐ 1 October 2010

slide title (1/20)

Information Sources Information Sources

20012001

20002000

2000200019991999

History PanAsia lineage 1999-2001

Information Sources Samples sent to Pirbright 2009

• ~1000 samples from 36 countries•• ~500 positive (523 in period 2006‐2008)

• ~483 sequences (330 in 2008)

• Predominantly O and A serotype A‐Iran‐05 lineage  30%O‐PanAsia 2 44%

WRLFMD

• ~1000 samples upto August from 20 Countries

• ~600 positive

• ~350 sequences

• Predominantly O and A serotype A‐Iran‐05 lineage 

O‐PanAsia 2 WRLMD

Samples sent to Pirbright 2010 FMDV Eurasian Serotypes2000-2010

FMDV O

FMDV Asia 1FMDV C (2004)

FMDV A

Appendix 11

“New tools and challenges for progressive control”Open Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (Austria) 29 September ‐ 1 October 2010

FMDV SAT 1 FMDV SAT 2

FMDV SAT 3

Summary of known FMD outbreaks; this may not represent the true disease situation

FMDV SAT Serotypes: 2000-2010

Intermediate, sporadic  

Endemic   FMD ‐Free 

Free. Virus present in game  parks

Free with vaccination 

Countries with multiples zones:

FMD‐free, free with vaccination or not free

ZambiaSAT 1 & SAT 2

VietnamO & A

ChinaAsia 1 & A

EthiopiaO, A & SAT2

LebanonA

TurkeyO & A

EgyptO & A

IranO & A

IraqA

KuwaitA

LibyaA

SudanO

United Arab EmiratesO

Chinese TaipeiO

SenegalSAT 2

IsraelO & A

AngolaSAT2

BotswanaSAT2

MyanmarO

KenyaO, A, SAT 1 & SAT 2

Hong KongO

BahrainA & Asia1

PakistanO, A and Asia 1

ThailandO & A

WRLFMD

YemenO

LaosO

CambodiaO & A

P.A.T.O & A

NepalO

Saudi ArabiaO

Sri LankaO

MalaysiaO & A

BangladeshO

MalawiSAT 2

South AfricaSAT 1 & SAT3

MozambiqueSAT 1

SwazilandSAT 1

UgandaSAT 3

FMD Outbreaks/Samples in 2009

•What is it? •and What is it doing?

What is it?O/VIT/4/2005

O/VIT/4/05* (TRRL)

O/VIT/10/05* (TRRL)

O/HLJOC12/03 (China) (DQ119643)

O/MOG/2004 (ARRIAH)

O/VIT/6/05* (TRRL)

O/VIT/9/05* (TRRL)

O/MYA/1/04* (TRRL)

O/MYA/2/04* (TRRL)

O/MYA/10/2009

O/MYA/11/2009

O/HKN/6/2010

O/HKN/18/2010

O/HKN/1/2010

O/HKN/4/2010

O/HKN/19/2010

O/HKN/20/2010

O/TAI/22/2009

O/MYA/5/2009

O/MYA/6/2009

O/SKR/4/2010

O/Ganghwa/SKR/2010 (NVRQS)

O/JPN/2010 (NIAH)

O/RUS/2010 (ARRIAH)

O/HKN/15/2010

O/HKN/8/2010

O/HKN/7/2010

O/HKN/13/2010

O/HKN/14/2010

O/HKN/12/2010

O/HKN/11/2010

O/HKN/9/2010

O/HKN/10/2010

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DiagnosisApproaches:• Detection of FMD virus, antigen or nucleic acid

• Virus Isolation• Antigen Elisa• LFD• Automated TaqMan® RT-PCR

• Detection of FMDV-specific antibody (SP/NSP) • Virus Neutralization Test• Liquid Phase Blocking Elisa• Solid Phase Competition Elisa• 3ABC Elisa- (NSP)

Field Isolate 

(WRL Ref No.)Topotype Strain A22 Iraq A TUR 06

VNT VNT

Bar 06/2008 Asia Iran‐05BAR‐08 0.23 0.60

Bar 02/2009 Asia Iran‐05AFG‐07 0.38 0.72

Irn 36/2007 Asia Iran‐05 0.21 0.39

Irn 39/2007 Asia Iran‐05 0.13 0.69

Irn 01/2008 Asia Iran‐05 0.15 0.74

Irn 02/2009 Asia Iran‐05BAR‐08 0.35 0.93

Irn 06/2009 Asia Iran‐05BAR‐08 0.1 0.38

Irn 23/2009 Asia Iran‐05BAR‐08 0.07 0.35

Irn 25/2009 Asia Iran‐05BAR‐08 0.08 0.35

Irq 10/2009 Asia Iran‐05BAR‐08 0.27 0.74

Irq 17/2009 Asia Iran‐05BAR‐08 0.32 >0.83

Irq 21/2009 Asia Iran‐05BAR‐08 0.11 0.6

Irq 24/2009 Asia Iran‐05BAR‐08 0.53 0.81

Isr 02/2009 Asia Iran‐05BAR‐08 0.28 0.86

38 isolates tested by VNT

9/38 = match for A22 vaccine

36/38 = match for new vaccine - A Tur 06

Vaccine Matching by Serology

•Sequencing VP1•Sequencing P1•Sequencing full length genome

•Phylogeny•Tracing•Antigenic profiling•Antigenic cartography

Characterisation by Sequencing

200 km

100 mi

© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com

O/VIT/4/2005 O/VIT/4/05* (TRRL)

O/VIT/10/05* (TRRL)O/HLJOC12/03 (China) (DQ119643)

O/MOG/2004 (ARRIAH) O/VIT/6/05* (TRRL)

O/VIT/9/05* (TRRL) O/MYA/1/04* (TRRL) O/MYA/2/04* (TRRL)

O/MYA/10/2009 O/MYA/11/2009 O/HKN/6/2010

O/HKN/18/2010 O/HKN/1/2010 O/HKN/4/2010

O/HKN/19/2010 O/HKN/20/2010

O/TAI/22/2009 O/MYA/5/2009 O/MYA/6/2009

O/Ganghwa/SKR/2010 O/HKN/8/2010 O/HKN/14/2010 O/HKN/7/2010 O/HKN/15/2010 O/HKN/13/2010

O/JPN/2010 (NIAH) O/HKN/10/2010 O/HKN/12/2010 O/HKN/9/2010 O/HKN/11/2010

92

99

82

85

74

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JapanDate received: 27/04/2010VP1 sequence received from the National Institute for Animal Health, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.

Appendix 11

“New tools and challenges for progressive control”Open Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (Austria) 29 September ‐ 1 October 2010

Japan: In early April 2010, FMDV type O was reported

• almost 300 outbreaks were reported.

• The virus identified as Southeast Asia (SEA) topotype (Mya-98 lineage)

• and found to be closely related to viruses detected in the P.R. China, Hong Kong SAR, Republic of Korea, Myanmar and Thailand.

• First outbreak of FMD in Japan since 2000.

Mongolia: Outbreaks of FMD type O reported in cattle.

• A VP1 sequence submitted to the WRLFMD by ARRIAH showed was also of the SEA topotype, (Mya-98 lineage);

• Importantly, it was most likely a different introduction to outbreaks above, as it is most closely related to viruses from Thailand and Malaysia from 2009.

FMD Reports in 2010

•Do we need to do something about it?

•What can we do?

do?

What can we do?

Build Bonfires Form Networks• OIE/FAO FMD Reference laboratory network

• FMD Vaccine Bank holders network

• Global FMD Research Alliance

To make available accurate and timely global surveillance and

research information

– Value of sharing information

– Developing trust and shared vision

Enhanced Surveillance: OIE/FAO Lab network

• WRLFMD: Pirbright, UK• RRLSEA: Pakchong, Thailand• LVRI: Lanzhou, China• FGI ARRIAH: Vladimir, Russia • PDFMD: Mukteswar, India• RRLSSA: Gabarone, Botswana• FMD-Laboratory: Embakasi, Kenya• PANAFTOSA: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil • LFADLCT: Argentina• ARC-OVI: Onderstepoort, RSA• PIADC: Plum Island, USA• CODA-CERVA-VAR: Ukkel, Belgium

Approximately ~2400 samples tested during 2009

O ManisaO BFS or CamposA-Iran-05*A24 CruzeiroA22 Iraq Asia 1 ShamirSAT 2 Saudi Arabia (or equivalent)

A Argentina 01A Iran 96A Iran 99A EritreaA Iran 87 or A Saudi Arabia 23/86 (or equivalent)A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/NPT/TAI/86)O Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent)SAT 1 South AfricaSAT 2 Zimbabwe

A15 Bangkok related strainA KenyaA87 Argentina related strainSAT 1 KenyaSAT 2 KenyaSAT 3 ZimbabweC Noville

HIGHPRIORITY

MEDIUMPRIORITY

LOWPRIORITY

Vaccine Recommendations (Antigen Banks)

Appendix 11

“New tools and challenges for progressive control”Open Session of the EuFMD Research Group, Vienna (Austria) 29 September ‐ 1 October 2010

Vaccine Recommendations (Antigen Banks)

Vaccine recommendations for free countries included in 

each WRLFMD quarterly report: 

Based on current information

Can we?• Improve process for vaccine recommendations• Increase information made generally available• Provide a clearer understanding of risk• More integrated approach

So how do we improve the situation?

• Information• Awareness and reporting• Surveillance• Strong veterinary service• Strong policies• Highly skilled laboratory staff• Correct samples• Rapid diagnosis• Communication/Cooperation/Collaboration• Networks• Good vaccines• A plan!

So how do we improve the situation?

Next Generation Diagnostics

Build a new labThe New Pirbright

But alsoNew FLI New Plum Island!

• Development of new vaccines

• Training

• Interlaboratory proficiency tests

• Field and Lab

• Bio-security

• Improve information flow to laboratories

• Improve information flow to decision makers

• Next 4 talks address some of these issues

What Can We Do? Global ActivitiesImprove Quality of Information

for

•Pools

• Regions

• Countries

• Governments

• Industry

• Animal Health Agencies

• Farmers

Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations

Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory,Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.Tel: + 44 (0)1483 232441Fax: + 44 (0)1483 232448www.iah.ac.uk

www.wrlfmd.org

Thank you for your attention

AndFarmers of Tomorrow