An Introduction to the Periodic Table

Using the Periodic Table

An Introduction to the Elements

Periodic Table Why Periodic????

The properties of the elements repeat in in a periodic way.

Invaluable tool for chemistry Used for organization History of the table

Newlands Meyer Mendeleev Mosley

The Modern Periodic TableElements are

arranged by atomic number

Typical box contains: Name of the element Symbol Atomic number Atomic mass

Periods Horizontal Rows Numbered 1-7

Groups: Vertical Columns Numbered 1-18

Interactive Periodic Tableshttp://periodic.lanl.gov/index.shtml

www.webelements.com

www.chemicool.com

http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele016.html

Classification of the ElementsMetals

Nonmetals

Metalloids

Metals

•Occupy the left side of the periodic table•Have luster, shiny•Solids at room temp except Hg•Ductile: ability to be drawn into wires•Malleable: ability to be hammered into sheets•Excellent conductors of heat and electricity•Tend to form positive ions

NonMetals Occupy the right side of the Periodic Table

Generally gases or brittle solids

Dull-lookingBrittle Poor conductors of heat and

electricityBromine is the only liquid

at room tempTend to form negative ions

Metalloids

Characteristics of

metals and nonmetals

Classification of the Elements

Families of elements share the same ending electron configuration therefore they share similar chemical

characteristics

Valence Electrons: electrons in the highest principal energy level Determine Chemical reactivity Elements in a group share the same number of

valence electrons

Families of elements (Groups)Share structural and

chemical (behavioral) characteristics

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Transition Elements

Halogens

Nobel Gases