Basics of the periodic table

An introduction to the periodic table

What is the periodic table???It is a table which shows the 117 elements

that scientists have discovered.The periodic table is arranged such that: 

1. A higher atomic weight than the one on its left.

2. Similar chemical properties to other elements in the same column.

Information on the periodic table The first periodic table was devised by Dmitri

Mendeleev and published in 1869 and only had 65 elements

117 elements

9 classifications of the 117 elements

9 classifications1. Alkali Metals

2. Alkali Earth Metals

3. Transition Metals

4. Other Metals

5. Metalloids

9 Classifications continued6. Other Non Metals

7. Halogens

8. Noble Gases

9. Rare Earth Metals

Some facts about the different groupsGroup 1

Alkalis

all have the same number of outer electrons

similar chemical properties.

Some facts about the different groupsGroup 2

Alkaline Earth Metals

2 electrons

Examples: Barium, Calcium

Some facts about the different groupsGroup 3

Transition metals

3 electrons on the outside

Rather reactive

Some facts about the different groupsGroup 4

Other Metals

4 electrons

examples: C, Pb

Some facts about the different groupsGroup 5

Metalloids

5 electrons

An example is nitrogen

Some facts about the different groupsGroup 6

Other non-metals

6 electrons

Examples: Oxygen, selenium, sulfur

Some facts about the different groupsGroup 7

Halogensgain an electronnegatively charged ionsEach ion has the same electron configuration

as the noble gas in the same period.chemically stable than the elements from

which they formed.

Some facts about the different groupsGroup 8

Noble gasesNot reactiveAtoms of these gases strongly prefer their

own electron configurationsFeaturing a full outer shell of electrons 

What is an element???material which cannot be broken

down using chemical means

Cannot be changed using chemical means

basic chemical building blocks of matter. 

How to read the atomic numbersThe numbers at the top tell you the total

number of neutrons and protons.

The number at the bottom left hand corner represents the number of protons/ electrons as an element has the same number of protons and neutrons.

The periodic table

Some of the elements we should know Iron

Symbol: Fe

Transition metal

Uses: outdoor seating, decorative fences, arbors, trellises, skillets, Dutch ovens, cake pans, cornbread trays and a number of other forms of cooking hollow ware

Some of the elements we should knowSulfur

Symbol: S

Non-metal

Uses: meteorites, volcanoes, hot springs, and as galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, barite

Some of the elements we should know Aluminum

Symbol: Al

Other metals

Pure aluminium is soft and lacks strength, but alloys with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, and other elements have very useful properties.

Some of the elements we should know Zinc

Symbol: Zn

Transition metals

Did you know? zinc-deficient animals require 50% more food to gain the same weight of an animal supplied with adequate amounts of zinc.

Some of the elements we should know Hydrogen

Symbol: H

Non-metal

Did you know? Hydrogen is the lightest gas. Hydrogen gas was used in lighter-than-air balloons for transport but is far too dangerous because of the fire risk (Hindenburg).

Some of the elements we should know Carbon

Symbol: C

Non-metals

It is found in abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets.

Some of the elements we should know Chlorine

Symbol: Cl

Halogens

Chlorine is a respiratory irritant.

Some of the elements we should know Oxygen

Symbol: O

Non-metal

Oxygen in excited states is responsible for the bright red and yellow-green colours of the aurora. About two thirds of the human body, and nine tenths of water, is oxygen.

Some of the elements we should know Nitrogen

Symbol: N

Non- metal

When nitrogen is heated, it combines directly with magnesium, lithium, or calcium. When mixed with oxygen and subjected to electric sparks, it forms nitric oxide (NO) and then the dioxide (NO2).

Acknowledgements http://www.chemicool.com/http://www.google.com.sg/imglanding?q=peri

odic%20table&imgurl=http://www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/periodic/periodic_table.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/periodic/&h=480&w=580&sz=19&tbnid=G4wY8RtD2Q3AMM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dperiodic%2Btable&hl=en&usg=__KR-goEH-LEQbPghRgsxInCdc4-A=&ei=yhTIS4fJDZTDrAfczdG5CQ&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=4&ct=image&ved=0CBYQ9QEwAw&start=0

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