VOL. CLXII . . . No. 56,235 © 2013 The New York Times NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 21, 2013

Late EditionToday, mostly sunny, warm, humid,high 89. Tonight, partly cloudy, hu-mid, low 73. Tomorrow, partly sun-ny, a shower or thunderstorm, high85. Weather map is on Page C8.

$2.50

U(D54G1D)y+@!&!%!=!%

By THOMAS KAPLAN

In an era of enormous, andoften secretive, political spend-ing, an ethics law championed byGov. Andrew M. Cuomo wasbilled as a major breakthrough:tax-exempt groups that lobbyNew York State governmentwould finally be required to re-veal where they got their money.

But two years after the lawpassed, a growing number ofnonprofit organizations, span-ning the ideological spectrum,are seeking exemptions, arguingthat their donors could be endan-gered if their names were re-leased to the public.

The debate in Albany overwhich groups should be excludedfrom the disclosure law is quicklyintensifying, echoing disputesover transparency versus pri-

vacy in California, Maine, Minne-sota and other states.

It comes as national politicalspending by nonprofit groups hasincreased in the wake of the Su-preme Court’s Citizens Uniteddecision on campaign finance.

In Albany, where even trans-parency is discussed in secret,the state ethics commission vot-ed behind closed doors to grantan exemption to Naral Pro-Choice New York, a prominentabortion rights group. That loneexemption has prompted Repub-licans to accuse ethics regulatorsof favoring liberal organizations.

The application by Naral wasfollowed by requests from atleast four other groups — twomore supporting abortion rights,

Nonprofits Are Balking at Law

On Disclosing Political Donors

Continued on Page A3

By CHARLIE SAVAGE

WASHINGTON — The federalgovernment is making progresson developing a surveillance sys-tem that would pair computerswith video cameras to scancrowds and automatically identi-fy people by their faces, accord-ing to newly disclosed documentsand interviews with researchersworking on the project.

The Department of HomelandSecurity tested a crowd-scanningproject called the Biometric Op-tical Surveillance System — orBOSS — last fall after two years of government-financed develop-ment. Although the system is notready for use, researchers saythey are making significant ad-vances. That alarms privacy ad-vocates, who say that now is thetime for the government to estab-lish oversight rules and limits onhow it will someday be used.

There have been stabs for overa decade at building a systemthat would help match faces in acrowd with names on a watch list— whether in searching for ter-rorism suspects at high-profileevents like a presidential inaugu-ral parade, looking for criminalfugitives in places like TimesSquare or identifying card cheatsin crowded casinos.

The automated matching ofclose-up photographs has im-proved greatly in recent years,and companies like Facebookhave experimented with it usingstill pictures.

But even with advances incomputer power, the technicalhurdles involving crowd scansfrom a distance have proved to befar more challenging. Despite oc-casional much-hyped tests, in-cluding one as far back as the2001 Super Bowl, technical spe-cialists say crowd scanning isstill too slow and unreliable.

The release of the documentsabout the government’s efforts toovercome those challengescomes amid a surge of interest insurveillance matters inspired bythe leaks by Edward J. Snowden,the former National SecurityAgency contractor. Interest invideo surveillance was alsofueled by the attack on the Bos-ton Marathon, where suspectswere identified by officials look-ing through camera footage.

In a sign of how the use of suchtechnologies can be developed

FACIAL SCANNINGIS MAKING GAINSIN SURVEILLANCE

CROWDS ARE THE FOCUS

U.S. Security Tool, Still

in Testing, Is Raising

Privacy Concerns

Continued on Page A3

ELMORE LEONARD, 1925-2013

By MARILYN STASIO

Elmore Leonard, the prolificcrime novelist whose louchecharacters, deadpan dialogueand immaculate prose style innovels like “Get Shorty,” “FreakyDeaky” and “Glitz” establishedhim as a modern master of Amer-ican genre writing, died on Tues-day at his home in BloomfieldTownship, Mich. He was 87.

His death was announced onhis Web site.

To his admiring peers, Mr.Leonard did more than merelyvalidate the popular crime thrill-er; he stripped the form of itsworn-out affectations, reinvent-ing it for a new generation andlifting it to a higher literary shelf.

Reviewing “Riding the Rap”for The New York Times BookReview in 1995, Martin Amiscited Mr. Leonard’s “gifts — ofear and eye, of timing and phras-ing — that even the most indolentand snobbish masters of themainstream must vigorously cov-et.” As the American chapter ofPEN noted, when honoring Mr.Leonard with a lifetime achieve-ment award in 2009, his books“are not only classics of the crime

genre, but some of the best writ-ing of the last half-century.”

Last year, the National BookFoundation presented him itsaward for distinguished contribu-tion to American letters.

Mr. Leonard, who started outwriting westerns, had his firststory published in Argosy maga-zine in 1951, and 60 years later, hewas still turning out a book ayear because, he said, “It’s fun.”

It was in that spirit that Mr.Leonard, at 84, took more than acasual interest in the develop-ment of his short story “Fire inthe Hole” for television. “Justi-fied,” as the resulting series onFX was called, won a PeabodyAward in 2011 in its second sea-son and sent new fans to “Pron-to” (1993) and “Riding the Rap”(1995), novels that feature the se-ries’s hero, Raylan Givens(played by Timothy Olyphant), afederal marshal from HarlanCounty, Ky., who presents himselfas a good ol’ boy but is “not asdumb as you’d like to believe.”

Approving of how the showwas working out, Mr. Leonardwrote his 45th novel, “Raylan,”with the television series in mind.Published in 2012, it featured

A Novelist Who Made Crime an Art, and His Bad Guys ‘Fun’

DANIEL BORRIS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Elmore Leonard in Detroit last year. He was admired both forhis westerns and his crime novels, many made into movies. Continued on Page B14

TARA TODRAS-WHITEHILL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

CHARRED RUINS A church in Nazla, Egypt, was among dozens destroyed in violence against Christians in recent days. Page A10.

By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICKand ALAN COWELL

CAIRO — Egypt’s authoritar-ian government has harassedand repressed the Muslim Broth-erhood for most of its existence.But for the last three decades theauthorities stopped short oftouching the group’s reveredleader, the supreme guide, whooversaw the country’s most ef-fective social, political and reli-gious organization despite itsoutlawed status.

On Tuesday, the new govern-ment installed by Gen. Abdul-Fattah el-Sisi provided the latestsignal that it was breaking theold rules. Security forces armedwith automatic rifles hunteddown even the supreme guide,Mohamed Badie, 70, in a non-descript apartment where he hadtaken refuge, and then providedfootage of the arrest to a friendlysatellite network.

It was the capstone of a sweep-ing campaign of arrests andshootings that has damaged theBrotherhood’s core organizationmore than any crackdown ineight decades, sending the groupinto a confused retreat deeper

underground than ever before.“We came close to annihilation

once under Nasser, but this isworse,” said Gehad el-Haddad, aBrotherhood official now on therun, referring to former Presi-dent Gamal Abdel Nasser’s at-tempt to smash the group afterhe came to power in 1954. Com-municating over the Internet toavoid surveillance, Mr. Haddadsaid Brotherhood members now“talk of “the good old days” un-der President Hosni Mubarak.

With the arrest of Mr. Badie,most of the Brotherhood’s topleaders are in prison, along withthe former president, MohamedMorsi. Many of its second- orthird-tier leaders are dead ormissing, Mr. Haddad said, andthose still at large are living onthe run. They change locationsevery 24 hours, avoid showingtheir faces at demonstrations orpublic places, and stay off cell-phones for fear that they mightbe tracked.

Many are consumed by theloss of those killed or missing inthe crackdown, which left deadmore than 1,000 Morsi supportersand the children of several Broth-erhood leaders — including Mr.Badie, who lost his son. Commu-nication to the group’s grass-roots network has been all butcut off, Brotherhood officials andlocal members said.

“Asking about the structure ofthe organization now is like ask-ing a dying man how his career isdoing,” one Brotherhood leadersaid, speaking on the condition ofanonymity for fear of arrest.

Devastated by the assault, thegroup has backed off its vow of a“million martyrs,” ending its six-

An Egypt Arrest, and a Brotherhood on the Run

EGYPTIAN INTERIOR MINISTRY

Mohamed Badie, spiritualleader of the Muslim Brother-hood, after his arrest.

Continued on Page A11

By ERIC SCHMITT

WASHINGTON — The moneyseems like a pittance for Egypt,which has a $256 billion economy.But the $1.3 billion in military aidthat the United States gives thecountry every year is its main ac-cess to the kind of big-ticket, so-phisticated weaponry that theEgyptian military loves.

In fact, Egypt is so enamoredof Apache attack helicopters,M1A1 battle tanks and F-16 fight-er jets that exasperated Ameri-can military officials have beentelling generals there for yearsthat they need to expand beyondthe hardware of bygone wars andspend more American money onborder security, as well as coun-terterrorism and surveillanceequipment and training that atruly modern military needs.

Either way, a close look at thedetails of American military aidto Egypt shows why the rela-tively modest $1.3 billion maygive the United States more lev-erage over the Egyptian militarythan it may seem, although stillnot as much as it wants.

Even if Saudi Arabia and otherPersian Gulf monarchies makeup for any aid the United Statesmay suspend, Washington wouldblock Egypt from buying Ameri-can weaponry with that money —

Cairo MilitaryFirmly HookedTo U.S. Lifeline

Continued on Page A10

By LANDON THOMAS Jr.

In a city where skyscraperssprout like weeds, none grew ashigh as the Sapphire tower in Is-tanbul.

Today, it stands as a symbol ofhow far the mighty may fall.

Like a vast majority of newbuildings that have blanketed theIstanbul hills in recent years, theSapphire — at 856 feet it is thetallest in Turkey and among theloftiest in Europe — was built onthe back of cheap loans, in dol-lars, that have flooded Turkeyand other fast-growing marketslike Brazil, India and South Ko-rea. The money began to flowwhen the Federal Reserve andother major central banks cut in-terest rates to the bone in 2009and cranked up the printingpresses in a bid to spur recoveryin the United States and other ad-vanced industrial nations.

But now, with expectationsmounting that the Federal Re-serve, led by its departing chair-man Ben S. Bernanke, may soonbegin to tighten its monetaryspigot, Istanbul’s skyline couldwell be a harbinger of an emerg-ing-market bust brought on byunpaid loans, weakening curren-cies, and, eventually, the possiblefailure of developers and banks.

This week, stocks and curren-cies in several developing Asianmarkets, including India, Indo-nesia and Thailand, have been hithard. Global investors continuedto withdraw funds from emergingmarkets, as interest rates edgeup in anticipation of the Fed’smove to reduce its stimulus ef-forts in the United States. Indo-nesia’s benchmark index, whichfell 5 percent on Monday,dropped 3.2 percent more onTuesday. India’s stock market fell0.3 percent after sliding 5.6 per-cent in the previous two tradingsessions. [Page B1.]

Some analysts see it as themarkets reacting to an end —real or perceived — of the Ber-nanke boom. “What we are wit-

TALL MONUMENTSTO END OF A BOOMAND EASY CREDIT

BUILDING SPURT STALLS

Istanbul Skyline Reflects

Cheap Dollars Now

Growing Scarce

Continued on Page B2

Farm labor contractors, who provide ar-mies of field workers, are preparing forthe potential cost the new health carelaw will add to their businesses, whichoperate on slender margins. PAGE A12

NATIONAL A12-14

Farms Prepare for Health Law

Charges were filed against Pervez Mu-sharraf in the 2007 death of formerPrime Minister Benazir Bhutto. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-11

Musharraf’s Bhutto Indictment

A coalition of tech companies wants toreach the developing world. PAGE B1

BUSINESS DAY B1-8

Facebook’s Plan to Expand NetThe Guardian is battling over leaked se-crets in Britain, which has no enshrinedfree speech protections. PAGE A6

British Paper Under Pressure

With a new policy put in place after thebombings in Boston, the N.F.L. is limit-ing the bags allowed at games. PAGE B9

SPORTSWEDNESDAY B9-14

Leave the Diaper Bag at Home

Bill de Blasio, a leading candidate forNew York City mayor, is handling hisRed Sox attachment gingerly. PAGE A15

NEW YORK A15-17, 20

A Fan’s Awkward AllegianceSome cooks have a view that may seemlike summertime sacrilege: In grilling,marinades are not quite robust enough,and a dry spice rub, like crushed pea-nuts with ginger or curry powder withmint, is more flavorful. PAGE D1

DINING D1-8

No Pre-Soaking Required

Maureen Dowd PAGE A19

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A18-19

Two years after treatment for a granulo-ma near his vocal cords left the outspo-ken singer John Mayer temporarilymute, his new album, “Paradise Valley,”is rendered (mostly) from a more ma-ture perspective and in more nuanced,less arrogant tones. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-7

John Mayer Speaking VolumesAfghan villagers, who were flown toWashington State for the sentencing ofStaff Sgt. Robert Bales, told of the cha-otic night he killed 16 civilians. PAGE A12

NATIONAL

Tales of Terror a World Away

C M Y K Nxxx,2013-08-21,A,001,Bs-BK,E2