A&P I Exam 3A 2013 Name ___________________________________________________________Russo

11.1 Matching Questions

Figure 11.1

Using Figure 11.1, match the following:

1) Which neuron would connect to a muscle?Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 394-95; Tbl 11.1

2) Which neuron would be found in the retina of the eye?Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 394-95; Tbl 11.1

3) Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc?Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 394-95; Tbl 11.1

4) Which neuron is never myelinated?Answer: B

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 394-95; Tbl 11.1

5) Which neuron is rare?Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 394-95; Tbl 11.1

6) In a reflex arc, which neuron has its cell body inside the spinal cord?Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 395,422;Tbl 11.1

7) Which neuron is common only in dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory ganglia of cranial nerves?Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 395; Tbl. 11.1

8) Which is by far the most common neuron type?Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 395; Tbl. 11.1

Figure 11.2

Using Figure 11.2, match the following:

9) Ion channel.Answer: EDiff: 1 Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17

10) Synaptic vesicles.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17

11) Calcium ions.Answer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17

12) Postsynaptic membrane.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17

13) Synaptic cleft.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 409; Fig. 11.17

Match the following:

A) Action potentialB) Relative refractory periodC) RepolarizationD) Absolute refractory periodE) Depolarization

14) The neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 405

15) The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 399

16) The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 401

17) Also called a nerve impulse transmitted by axons.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 400

18) An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 405

Answers: 14) D 15) E 16) C 17) A 18) B

True/False Questions

19) The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 401

20) Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 387

21) Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 395

22) Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 390

23) During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 399

25) Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 393-395

25) Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 404; Fig. 11.13

26) The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 390

27) A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 410-411

28) Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 405-406

Multiple-Choice Questions

29) Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?A) support and brace neuronsB) anchor neurons to blood vesselsC) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeabilityD) control the chemical environment around neuronsE) provide the defense for the CNSAnswer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 389

30) Which of the choices below describes the ANS?A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandsB) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal musclesC) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNSD) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tractAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 388; Fig. 11.2

31) What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?A) ependymal cellsB) Schwann cellsC) oligodendrocytesD) astrocytesAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 389

32) What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus?A) origin of the stimulusB) type of stimulus receptorC) frequency of action potentialsD) size of action potentialsAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 404; Fig. 11.13

33) Bipolar neurons are commonly ________.A) motor neuronsB) called neuroglial cellsC) found in gangliaD) found in the retina of the eyeAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 393; Tbl. 11.1

34) Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials?A) mechanically gated channelB) voltage-gated channelC) leakage channelD) ligand-gated channelAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 396

35) An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________.A) cell bodyB) synapseC) receptorD) effectorAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 407

Matching Questions

Figure 9.1

Using Figure 9.1, match the following:

36) Connective tissue sheath surrounding individual muscle fibersAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 279; Fig. 9.1

37) Bundle of muscle cells surrounded by a perimysiumAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 279; Fig. 9.1

38) Connective tissue covering the exterior of a muscle organ.Answer: A

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 279; Fig. 9.1

39) Connective tissue surrounding muscle fiber bundlesAnswer: EDiff: 1 Page Ref: 279; Fig. 9.1

Figure 9.2

Using Figure 9.2, match the following:

40) I band.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2

41) H zone.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2

42) A band.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2

43) Z disc.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2

44) M line.Answer: EDiff: 1 Page Ref: 280; Fig. 9.2

T/F

45) The thin filaments (actin) contain a polypeptide subunit G actin that bears active sites for myosin attachment.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 281

46) One of the functions of skeletal muscle contraction is production of heat.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 277-278

47) An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 289

48) Muscle contraction will always promote movement of body parts regardless of how they are attached.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 277

49) A resting potential is caused by a difference in the concentration of certain ions inside and outside the cell.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 286

50) The effect of a neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its ion permeability properties temporarily.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 286

51) When a muscle fiber contracts, the I bands diminish in size, the H zones disappear, and the A bands do not diminish in length.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 285

Multiple-Choice Questions

52) What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?A) Tropomyosin is the chemical that activates the myosin heads.B) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules.C) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on the myosin molecules.D) Tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 281

53) The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by ________.A) increasing stimulus above the thresholdB) increasing stimulus above the treppe stimulusC) increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulusD) recruiting small and medium muscle fibersAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 296

54) Excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following substances?A) Ca2+ and ATPB) Ca2+ onlyC) ATP onlyD) ATP and glucoseAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 289; Fig. 9.11

55) What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?A) sarcoplasmic reticulumB) mitochondriaC) intermediate filament networkD) myofibrillar networkAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 284

56) The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to ________.A) make and store phosphocreatineB) synthesize actin and myosin myofilamentsC) provide a source of myosin for the contraction processD) regulate intracellular calcium concentrationAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 284

57) During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?A) myosin filamentsB) actin filamentsC) Z discsD) thick filamentsAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 289

58) Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?A) perimysiumB) endomysiumC) epimysiumD) fascicle

Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 278; Fig. 9.1

59) The term aponeurosis refers to ________.A) the bands of myofibrilsB) a sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal elementC) the rough endoplasmic reticulumD) the tropomyosin-troponin complexAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 279

60) The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is ________.A) hemoglobinB) ATPC) myoglobinD) immunoglobinAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 279

Xtra Credit (1 point each)

1) Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases?A) motor units with the longest muscle fibersB) many small motor units with the ability to stimulate other motor unitsC) large motor units with small, highly excitable neuronsD) motor units with larger, less excitable neuronsAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 296

2) Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contractions?A) motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilamentsB) neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, motor neuron action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, sliding of myofilaments, ATP-driven power strokeC) muscle cell action potential, neurotransmitter release, ATP-driven power stroke, calcium ion release from SR, sliding of myofilamentsD) neurotransmitter release, motor neuron action potential, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power strokeAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 285-286; Fig 9.7

3) The sliding filament model of contraction involves ________.A) actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlappingB) the shortening of thick filaments so that thin filaments slide pastC) actin and myosin lengthening in order to slide past each other

D) the Z discs sliding over the myofilamentsAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 285

4) A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________.A) the membrane potential has been reestablishedB) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cellC) proteins have been resynthesizedD) all sodium gates are closedAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 401

5) In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________.A) positively charged and contains less sodiumB) negatively charged and contains less sodiumC) negatively charged and contains more sodiumD) positively charged and contains more sodiumAnswer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 397

5) Individual muscle fiber.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 279; Fig. 9.1