nobel laureates in physics (1976-2012)

Nobel Laureates in

Physics(1976-2012)

www.flashcardsinppt.com

Burton Richter1976

for the pioneering work in the discovery

of a heavy elementary particle

of a new kind

U.S.A.

Samuel Chao Chung Ting

1976for the pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a

new kind

U.S.A.

Philip Warren Anderson

1977for the theoretical

investigations of the electronic structure of

magnetic and disordered systems

U.S.A.

Nevill Francis Mott1977

for the theoretical investigations of the

electronic structure of magnetic and disordered

systems

U.K.

John Hasbrouck Van Vleck1977

for the theoretical investigations of the

electronic structure of magnetic and

disordered systems

U.S.A.

Pyotr Kapitsa1978

for his basic inventions and discoveries in the

area of low-temperature physics

Russia

Arno Allan Penzias1978

for the discovery of cosmic microwave

background radiation

U.S.A.

Robert Woodrow Wilson

1978for the discovery of cosmic microwave

background radiationU.S.A.

Sheldon Lee Glashow

1979for contributions to the

theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles,

including the prediction of the weak neutral current

U.S.A.

Abdus Salam 1979for contributions to the

theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles,

including the prediction of the weak neutral current

Pakistan

Steven Weinberg

1979for contributions to the

theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles,

including the prediction of the weak neutral current

U.S.A.

James Cronin 1980for the discovery of

violations of fundamental

symmetry principles in the decay of

neutral K-mesonsU.S.A.

Val Logsdon Fitch

1980for the discovery of

violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons

U.S.A.

Nicolaas Bloembergen

1981for his contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy

Netherlands/U.S.A.

Arthur Leonard Schawlow

1981for his contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy

U.S.A.

Kai Siegbahn1981

for his contribution to the development of

high-resolution electron spectroscopy

Sweden

Kenneth Wilson1982

for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase

transitions

U.S.A.

Subramanyam Chandrasekhar

1983for his theoretical studies

of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars

India/U.S.A.

William Fowler1983

for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of

importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe

U.S.A.

Carlo Rubbia1984

for his contribution which later led to the discovery of the field

particles W and Z, communicators of weak

interaction

Italy

Simon van der Meer1984

for his contribution which later led to the discovery of the field particles W

and Z, communicators of weak interaction

Switzerland

Klaus von Klitzing

1985for the discovery of the

quantized Hall effect

Germany

Ernst Ruska1986

for his fundamental work in electron

optics, and for the design of the first

electron microscopeGermany

Gerd Binnig1986

for the design of the scanning tunnelling

microscope

Germany

Heinrich Rohrer1986

for the design of the scanning tunnelling

microscopeSwitzerland

Johannes Georg Bednorz

1987for the important

breakthrough in the discovery of

superconductivity in ceramic materials

Germany

Karl Alexander Müller1987

for the important breakthrough in the

discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials

Switzerland

Leon M. Lederman 1988

for the neutrino beam method and the

demonstration of the doublet structure of the

leptons through the discovery of the muon

neutrino

U.S.A.

Melvin Schwartz

1988

for the neutrino beam method and the

demonstration of the doublet structure of the

leptons through the discovery of the muon

neutrino

U.S.A.

Jack Steinberger 1988

for the neutrino beam method and the

demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons

through the discovery of the muon neutrino

Switzerland

Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.1989

for the invention of the separated oscillatory

fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser

and other atomic clocks

U.S.A.

Hans Georg Dehmelt

1989for the development of the ion trap technique

Germany

Wolfgang Paul

1989for the development of the ion trap technique

Germany

Jerome Friedman

1990for the pioneering

investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons

and bound neutrons

U.S.A.

Henry Way Kendall 1990

for the pioneering investigations

concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons

U.S.A.

Richard Taylor 1990for the pioneering

investigations concerning deep

inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons

U.S.A.

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

1991for discovering that

methods developed for studying order phenomena

in simple systems can be generalized to more

complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals

and polymers

France

Georges Charpak1992

for his invention and development of particle

detectors, in particular the multi-wire proportional

chamber

France

Russell Alan Hulse1993

for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a

discovery that has opened up new

possibilities for the study of gravitation

U.S.A.

Joseph Taylor, Jr.1993

for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a

discovery that has opened up new

possibilities for the study of gravitation

U.S.A.

Bertram Brockhouse

1994for the development

of neutron spectroscopy

Canada

Clifford Shull1994

for the development of the neutron diffraction

techniqueU.S.A.

Martin Lewis Perl

1995for the discovery of

the tau lepton

U.S.A.

Frederick Reines1995

for the detection of the neutrino

U.S.A.

David Lee 1996

for the discovery of super fluidity in

helium-3

U.S.A.

Douglas Osheroff

1996for the discovery of

super fluidity in helium-3

U.S.A.

Robert Coleman Richardson

1996for the discovery of

super fluidity in helium-3

U.S.A.

Steven Chu 1997

for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser

light

U.S.A.

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji1997

for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser

light

France

William Daniel Phillips1997

for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser

light

U.S.A.

Robert Laughlin

1998for the discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations

U.S.A.

Horst Ludwig Störmer

1998for the discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations

Germany

Daniel C. Tsui

1998for the discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations

U.S.A.

Gerard 't Hooft1999

for elucidating the quantum structure

of electroweak interactions in

physics Netherlands

Martinus Veltman1999

for elucidating the quantum structure of

electroweak interactions in physics

Netherlands

Zhores Alferov 2000

for developing semiconductor hetero- structures used in high-

speed- and opto-electronics

Belarus

Herbert Kroemer2000

for developing semiconductor hetero- structures used in high-

speed- and opto-electronics

Germany/U.S.A.

Jack Kilby

2000for his part in the invention of the

integrated circuit

U.S.A.

Eric Allin Cornell 2001

for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation

in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early

fundamental studies of the properties of the

condensates

U.S.A.

Wolfgang Ketterle 2001

for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation

in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early

fundamental studies of the properties of the

condensates

Germany

Carl Wieman2001

for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation

in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early

fundamental studies of the properties of the

condensates

U.S.A.

Raymond Davis, Jr.2002

for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in

particular for the detection of cosmic

neutrinos

U.S.A.

Masatoshi Koshiba 2002

for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in

particular for the detection of cosmic

neutrinos

Japan

Riccardo Giacconi 2002

for pioneering contributions to

astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources

Italy/U.S.A.

Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov

2003for pioneering

contributions to the theory of

superconductors and superfluids

Russia

Vitaly Ginzburg

2003for pioneering

contributions to the theory of

superconductors and superfluids

Russia

Anthony Leggett

2003for pioneering

contributions to the theory of

superconductors and superfluids

U.S.A.

David Gross 2004

for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in

the theory of the strong interaction

U.S.A.

Hugh David Politzer 2004

for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in

the theory of the strong interaction

U.S.A.

Frank Wilczek 2004

for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in

the theory of the strong interaction

U.S.A.

Roy J. Glauber

2005for his contribution to the quantum theory of

optical coherence

U.S.A.

John Lewis Hall2005

for the contribution to the development of laser-

based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency

comb technique

U.S.A.

Theodor Wolfgang Hänsch

2005for the contribution to the

development of laser-based precision spectroscopy,

including the optical frequency comb technique

Germany

John C. Mather2006

for the discovery of the blackbody form and

anisotropy of the cosmic microwave

background radiation

U.S.A.

George Smoot2006

for the discovery of the blackbody form and

anisotropy of the cosmic microwave

background radiation

U.S.A.

Albert Fert2007

for the discovery of Giant Magneto-

resistance

France

Peter Grünberg2007

for the discovery of Giant Magneto-

resistance

Germany

Yoichiro Nambu2008

for the discovery of the mechanism of

spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic

physics

U.S.A.

Makoto Kobayashi2008

for the discovery of the origin of the broken

symmetry which predicts the existence of at least

three families of quarks in nature

Japan

Toshihide Maskawa2008

for the discovery of the origin of the broken

symmetry which predicts the existence of at least

three families of quarks in nature

Japan

Charles K. Kao2009

for groundbreaking achievements concerning

the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication

U.S.A./U.K./Hong Kong

Willard Boyle

2009

for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor

Canada/U.S.A.

2009

for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor

U.S.A.

George E. Smith

2010for groundbreaking

experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene

Netherlands/U.K.

Sir Andre Geim

2010for groundbreaking

experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene

Russia/U.K.

Sir Konstantin Novoselov

Saul Perlmutter2011

for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant

supernovae

U.S.A.

Adam Riess2011

for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant

supernovae

U.S.A.

Brian Schmidt2011

for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant

supernovae

Australia/U.S.A.

Serge Haroche2012

for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring

and manipulation of individual quantum

systems

France

David J. Wineland2012

for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring

and manipulation of individual quantum

systems

U.S.A.