USE OF WASTE

MATERIALIN

ROAD

CONSTRUCTION

INTRODUCTION

The waste materials are creating a lot of problemlike –environment pollution ,radiation , wastemanagement problem and some other harmfuldisease. That is why today in global era, there aresome methods use to solve this problem. Thereare also some waste materials like- fly ash, cinder,tire etc , which can be use in road construction toincrease the bearing capacity of the soil and roadstability can be increased.

Waste Materials used

Fly ash

Cinder

Experiment done on the

Clayey Soil

Fly Ash

Cinder

EXPERIMENT USED IN MATERIAL TESTING:

1- Proctor compaction test

2- Liquid limit and Plastic limit (for only soil)

3- Particle size distribution

4- Specific gravity

5- Permeability test ( falling head method )

6- Shear strength (Unconfined compression test) only for soil and fly ash

7- California bearing ratio test ( CBR Test )

1- COMPACTION TEST

Compaction – Expelling air from the void space .

Effect of Compaction-

. Increase material strength

. Decrease in future settlement of the material

. Decrease in its permeability ( hydraulic conduction)

METHOD

Dry out material sample

Add firstly 6% water and after then every time before compaction 4% water should be add.

Compact the clay soil sample in three layers. Each layer consist of 25 blows in compaction mold

Measure wet unit weight ( ϒ )

Measure moisture content

Calculate dry unit weight (ϒd= ϒ/1+w )

Repeat un till the weight of wet soil decrease.

PROCTOR CURVE:

2- LIQUID LIMIT AND PLASTIC LIMIT TEST

Liquid limit and plastic limit test only perform on those type of soil which has the property of cohesiveness. (This test can not perform on fly ash and cinder)

Liquid limit: liquid limit is the water content at which a soil is practically in a liquid state, but has infinitesimal resistance against flow which can measure by any standardized procedure.

Plastic limit: The plastic limit is defined as the water content at which a soil thread with 3mm diameter just crumble.

LIQUID LIMIT APPARATUS

3- PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

This test is perform to determine the percentage of different grain sizes contain in soil and other material like-fly ash and etc .This test is basically perform because of the distribution of the different grain sizes affect the engineering properties of soil. The grain size distribution can be done with the help of two methods.

Sieve analysis: This method is performed to determine the distribution of coarser and larger sized particle. Like –Gravel and Sand.

Hydrometer analysis: This method is performed to determine the distribution of finer particles. Like- Silt and Clay

METHODSIEVE ANALYSIS

In this method retained particles which is not passes through the 75µ sieved through the various sizes of sieve.

After passing the retained particle through various sizes of sieve we found the weight of various sizes of sieves .

HYDROMETER ANALYSIS

In this method the passing particles of material through 75µ sieve are taken in 50gm weight.

mix with 2gm sodium oxolateand mix it in 1 litre water .

Shake the mixture about 15 minute. And take in a glass jar.

Take the reading of hydrometer at different times un till all the particles had been settle down.

4- SPECIFIC GRAVITY:

This number indicates the how much heavier/lighter a material than water.

In soil SG refers to the mass of solid matter of a given soil sample as compared to an equal volume of water.

For example : a material with SG of 2 is indicate as twice heavy as water(2x62.4 lbs/ft3) = 128 lbs/ft3.

Equation Forms : SG= MS/VS ϒwater

General range of SG for soil

5- Permeability Test

Permeability is a measure of the ease in which water can flow through a soil volume. It is one of the most important geotechnical parameter . In large part , it controls the strength and deformation behaviour of the soil. It directly affect the following

* Quantity of the water that will flow toward an excavation

* Design of cutoffs beneath domes on permeable building

* Design of the clay layer for a landfill liner

Application: 1-estimation of quantity of underground seepage water.

2- quantity of water during pumping for under ground construction.

3- stability analysis of slopes, earth dams and earth retaining structure.

6- Shear Strength

It is mainly performed on cylindrical moist clay specimen sampled from bore holes.

Measure vertical stress applied to soil sample with no confining pressure

7- CBR TEST

Conclusion

Clayey soil : After various testing we had found that clay soil has the greatest characterstics in all aspects .

Fly ash : Individually fly ash has the some good characterstics but there are some weakness found in it

* it has low resistance to permeability

* it has not the property of liquid limit and plastic limit.

* it has not very good shear strength compared to clayey soil.

Cinder: Individually it has not good characterstics in all aspects.

THANK

YOU