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IoT Cellular Networks

October 2017

2 IoT Cellular Networks

INDEX

1. In Brief2. Overview3. Market Forecasts4. Technology Landscape5. Technology Comparative6. Towards 5G7. Altice Labs Positioning8. Conclusions9. References

1. In Brief


1. IoT connectivity opens doors to new markets, but also allows for easy entry of new competitorsthrough proprietary technologies in the unlicensed bands.

2. To provide LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) connectivity operators may chooseproprietary technologies, such as Sigfox or LoRa, 3GPP standardized systems such as EC-GSM, LTE-M or NB-IoT, or a mix of both.

3. LPWAN proprietary technologies have been in the field for some time, while standard solutionsare already available but still starting.

4. The unlicensed spectrum used by proprietary technologies could represent a difficulty in terms ofreliability and service level assurance due to the high number of competing technologies sharingthe same spectrum, while licensed spectrum used by 3GPP standardized systems allows for thecontrol of quality of service.

5. Proprietary solutions have lower prices and achieve higher levels of penetration with simplerdeployments, while 3GPP cellular technologies offer the quality of mobile networks, enablehigher throughputs and take advantage of existing operational and business systems.

In brief01.


6. The prices of the communication modules continue to decrease, but are still far from the targetprices, with Sigfox presenting hard-to-beat prices (around $1 per module vs $12 per NB-IoTmodule in 2018). (1)

7. Partnering with LPWAN vendors, such as Sigfox, fosters a fast entry into the market, but may limitthe definition of the operator's strategy as it becomes dependent on third-party decisions.

8. The revenues from connectivity alone will be low, the significant gains will be in the offer ofcomplementary services and applications for the different verticals.

9. Operators need to consolidate M2M managed connectivity business offers to supportconvergence of traditional cellular and LPWANs.

10. IoT massification requires suitable network management platforms to control the huge number of“things” with specific requirements that should rely on automated mechanisms to decreaseoperational costs.

In brief01.

2. Overview


Overview: IoT02.

The gap between the digital and the physical world is thinning. A massivespread of small ‘intelligent’ objects with communication capabilities isstarting to materialise the Internet of Things vision.

By 2020, tens of billion of devices will require convergent connectivity andintelligent data management services in order to facilitate the creation ofsmarter and innovative services to enterprises and end-users, fosteringnew business opportunities to operators.

There are key market drivers for the IoT growth:

• Devices are becoming cheaper

• Network access is getting ubiquitous• New vertical services are born daily, creating new markets

Operators must become key players in the IoT market in order to leveragenew businesses in vertical domains that are typically out of their scope.


• IoT enablesoptimizedresourceusageensuringasustainablegrowthforfuturegenerations.

• Timeandcostsaredecreasingthroughprocessoptimizationgivingroomfornewsavings.

• Better decision making can be achieved using insightscoming from real-time data providing the means forenhanced governance.

• Innovativeservicesareeasilycreatedprovidingnewfunctionalitiesandbetteruserexperiencesimprovinggenericallythequalityoflife.

Overview: IoT Benefits & Application Areas02.

IoT

Health&Wellness

SmartHome

SmartCities

Industry4.0

Mobility

Environment &Sustainability

IoT isthebasisofanewindustryaffectingtransversallyallsectorsofactivityinthepathtoaconnectedsociety


Overview: Wireless Landscape02.

• Businessaspectsguidethedefinitionofrequirementsimpactingtheaccesstypeselection.

• DifferentwirelesstechnologiessupportdifferentIoT scenarios.

• Theexpectedmassification ofdeviceswithlimitedcapabilitiesrequiresnewtechnologiestoprovidesuitableconnectivity.

up to10meter

up to100meterup to1000meter

ProximityWPANWireless

Personal AreaNetwork

WLANWirelessLocalAreaNetwork

WWANWirelessWide AreaNetwork

up to100Km

RFIDNFC

BluetoothZigBee WiFi

Cellular• 2G\3G\4G\5G

3GPPCellular LPWAN:• LTENB-IOT• LTE-M• EC-GSM-IoT

Proprietary LPWAN:•SIGFOX•LORA

(2)


Overview: Requirements that led to the specification of LPWAN02.

• LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Networks)technologies are the answer to enable a costeffective deployment and maintenance of servicesrequiring large coverage and long battery liferepresenting a market opportunity forcommunication service providers.

• LPWAN only allows low data rate communicationsbeing inappropriate for multimedia services.

• It is a scale-based business requiring a massivedeployment and user acceptance in order tobecome profitable.

LowCost

• Lowcostofcommunicationmodules:under5$fortheradiochipset

• Reducedsubscriptionfee:upto1$perdeviceperyear(target)

ExtendedCoverage

• Robustpropagationcharacteristics:possibilitytocommunicatewithundergroundandinnerbuildings

LongBattery Life

• Batterylifetimearound10years:reduceoperationalexpenses

MassiveNumber ofDevices

• Largenetworkcapacity:thousandsofdevicespercell

3. Market Forecasts


Market Forecasts: IoT and LPWAN03.

Machina Research forecasts (3):

• The total number of IoT connections will growfrom 6 billion in 2015 to 27 billion in 2025, a CAGR(Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 16%.

• 11% of connections in 2025 will use LPWANconnections, such as Sigfox, LoRa or NB-IoT.

• By 2025, IoT will generate over 2 zettabytes ofdata, but it will account for less than 1% of cellulardata traffic.

The GSMA predicts that the IoT ecosystem revenueswill see significant growth in the mobile industrybeing the area with the strongest expansion. (4)


Market Forecasts: LPWAN revenues03.

Analysys Mason predicts (42):

• LPWAN connectivity revenues will be low, reachingonly USD 5 billion in 2025.

• LPWAN applications will typically exchange lowquantities of data and therefore average revenueper connection (ARPC) will be less than USD1 peryear for some applications.

• The overall ARPC for LPWAN connections isforecasted to be only USD1.5 per year


Market Forecasts: LPWAN modules cost03.

• The existence of communication modules at a reducedcost is a fundamental premise for the massification ofIoT devices.

• Gartner expects a strong cost reduction incommunication modules, in particular in the Sigfox andLoRa devices. (1)

4. Technology Landscape


Technology landscape: LPWAN Technologies 04.

•LoRa – proprietary/LoRaWAN openstandardofLoRaAlliance,operateoverISMbands(5)

•SIGFOX – proprietary,developedbySigFox company,operateoverISMbands(6)

•3GPP - openstandards,operateoverLTEandGSMlicensedbands:

•EC-GSM-IoT - GSMenhancedtechnologytosupportlowpowerwideareaneeds;•LTE-M (formallyknownaseMTC)- LTEevolutionforIoT communicationsenablingawiderangeofservice;•NB-IoT – NewLTEsolutiontosupportultra-lowbitrate applications.

•Othertechnologies:DASH7,Weightless,RPMA,…

LTE-M

NB-IoT

EC-GSM-IoT


Technology landscape: LoRa04.Recent Activities• March 2015 - LoRa Alliance was launched at MWC . The board of directorsapproved the LoRaWAN 1.0. (7)

• March 2015 - Bouygues Telecom has announced it will roll out one of thefirst implementations of LoRa low-power WAN technology. Bouygues hasbeen trialling LoRa in Grenoble since 2013. (8)

• June 2015 - LoRaWAN 1.0 released. (9)

• June 2015 - A group of tech companies including operators Orange, KPNand Swisscom and manufacturing giant Foxconn have put $25 million intoActility, an IoT startup focused on the LoRaWAN standard. (10)

• June 2015 – Senet (NaaS provider) announced the deployment of USnationwide LoRaWAN network, based on Semtech LoRa technology. (11)

• September 2015 - Orange has confirmed its commitment to the Internet ofThings by announcing its investment in a network based on LoRatechnology. (12).

• October 2015 - Semtech announced The Lace Company, a global wirelessnetwork operator, has deployed an Internet of Things (IoT) network,enabled by LoRa® RF technology covering more than a dozen major citiesin Russia. (13)

• November2016- TheLoRa AlliancehaslaunchedanewreleaseoftheLoRaWAN technologyspecification,version1.0.2.(14)

• February 2017– Roamingstartedbeingsupported,enablingIoT devicestocommunicatethroughmultipleoperatorLPWAnetworks.(14)

Description

• LoRa is a patented spread-spectrum radio modulationdeveloped by Cycleo (Grenoble, France) and acquired bySemtech in 2012. LoRa uses a wideband CDMA approach.

• LoRaWAN is the MAC protocol for a network of LoRanodes. It is an open LPWAN standard maintained bythe LoRa Alliance.

• LoRaWAN™ Certification Program to ensure productcompliance.

……

LoRa Alliance

Operatorsimplementingtechnology

Overview

Unlicensedspectrum

BatteryLife>10Years

Range<15Km

DataRate<50Kbps

Proprietary/Open

AvailableNow

Confident.AppSKey


Technology landscape: SIGFOX 04.

Recent Activities

• January 2015 - Tele2 partnering with Aerea, the Netherlands’exclusive SIGFOX network operator. (14)

• February 2015 - Telefónica, SK Telecom, NTT Docomo invest inSIGFOX. (15)

• November 2016 – Sigfox announced the launch of new Sigfoxcertified and ready to use modules costing around US $2.00 forEuropean, Middle East and African markets, and less than $3.00 forAmerican and Asian markets.(16)

• December 2016 - Sigfox announced several growth milestones,including 20 percent population coverage within the U.S. andnetwork deployment in 100+ U.S. cities, including majormetropolitan areas, such as Houston, San Francisco, Los Angeles,Chicago, New York City and Atlant. (17)

• June 2017- The new Sigfox Access Station represents a majortechnological step forward, being designed according to cognitiveradio or SDR (Software Defined Radio) principles. It enablesprocessing more than 10 million messages per day and offers tentimes more computing power than its previous version, whileconsuming half as much energy. (18)

Description

• SIGFOX network operates on sub-GHz frequencies, on ISMbands : 868MHz in Europe/ETSI & 915MHz in the US/FCCand uses an Ultra-Narrow Band (UNB) modulation.

• SIGFOX network supports up to 140 messages per objectper day and 12 bytes payload size. Messages areforwarded to applications using SIGFOX's API.

• Single chip solutions from semiconductor vendors ATMELand AXSEM.

• Certified modules for SIGFOX network: Adeunis RF, Atim,Telecom Design, Telit, Texas Instruments, …

Sigfox NetworkOperator

• Portugal,NarrowNet• SouthAfrica,SquidNET• Germany,Sigfox• France,Sigfox• FrenchGuyana,IDEOCaraibes• Australia,thinhxtra• Belgium,engie• Brazil,WND• Colombia,PHASI• Czechrepublic,SimpleCell• Denmark,IoT Denmark• Netherlands,AEREA• Spain,cellnex• UnitedStats,Sigfox• Finland,ConnectFinland• Ireland,VTNetworks• Japan,Kyocera• UK,Arquiva …..

Operatorpartnerships/agreements

Overview

Unlicensedspectrum

BatteryLife>10Years

Range<50Km

DataRate<0.1Kbps

Proprietary AvailableNow

Confident.No


Technology landscape: GSM, Cat EC-GSM-IoT04.

Recent Activities

• August 2015 - GSMA launched the ‘Mobile IoT Initiative’, a newproject backed by 26 of the world’s leading mobile operators, OEMs,chipset, module and infrastructure companies to accelerate growthof the Internet of Things in licensed spectrum. (21)

• February 2016 – Ericsson, Orange and Intel have successfullycompleted one of the world's first extended coverage trial forcellular IoT using EC-GSM-IoT technology, optimized for low-cost &low-complexity devices. This trial was carried out in Paris betweenNovember 2015 and February 2016, using the 900 MHz band.(22)

• February 2017 - Groundtruth announced a partnership with Orange,Sierra Wireless and Nokia to test EC-GSM-IoT technology in itsweather stations, enabling the deployment of smart weatherstations. The information gathered will be used by smallholderfarmers to better adapt to climate change in rural areas. (23)

Description• EC-GSM (Extended Coverage GSM) is a GSM enhancedtechnology to support low power wide area needs, operatingin GSM bands.

• EC-GSM was standardized by 3GPP in Release 13 aiming atsupporting long battery life, long range communications andhigh numbers of terminals per cell.

• It assumes up to 10 years of operation depending on trafficpattern and coverage needs and supports the massivedeployment of terminals, in the order of thousand per cell.

• EC-GSM is backwards-compatible to previous releasesallowing the introduction of the technology into existing GSMnetworks as simple software upgrades.(19)

• EC-GSM adopts security and privacy features from mobilenetworks, including mutual authentication, confidentiality anddata integrity. (20)

Cat EC-GSM-IoT userequipmentwasspecifiedby3GPPinRelease13toworkwithEC-GSM-IoTnetworks

Commercially unavailable

Overview

Licensedspectrum

BatteryLife>10Years

Range<15Km

DataRate<74Kbps

OpenStandard

OnTrialConfident.GE4\5


Technology landscape: LTE-M, Cat M104.

Recent Activities

• January 2016 - KT and Nokia conduct world's first LTE-M field trial onLTE network to address medium data-rate Internet of Things (IoT)connectivity use cases. (25)

• December 2016 - Verizon became the first carrier in the world todeploy commercially the LTE-M technology for IoT applications inspecific U.S. markets. (26)

• January 2017 - Gemalto launched LTE Cat M1 wireless module toenable IoT solutions requiring network longevity and improvedindoor coverage such as asset trackers, healthcare solutions, smartmeters or industrial sensors.(27)

• February 2017 - Orange announced its commitment to deploy LTE-Mtechnology in Spain and Belgium, with rest of Europe to follow, todevelop an IoT ecosystem, with the launch of Europe’s first LTE-MOpen IoT Lab. (28)

• May 2017 – AT&T has completed deployment of its nationwide LTE-M network to enable a new generation of Internet of Things (IoT)devices and applications.(29)

Description

• eMTC (enhancedMachine-typecommunication)isaRelease13LTEevolutionforIoT communicationsenablingawiderangeofservices.

• LTE-Mis the popularname forwhich eMTC is best known .

• LTE-Menablesincreasedcoverage,reducedcomplexity,lowercostandbatterylifeofmorethan10yearsforabroadrangeofusescases.

• LTE-M technologysupportsmobility,seamlesshandoversandlowlatencytimeintervals.

• Itoperateswithamaximumchannelbandwidthof1.4MHzwithinthe4Gbands.

• TosupportLTE-Mfeatures,theexistingLTEbasestationsonlyneedasoftwareupdate,keepingthehardwarecomponentunchanged.

Cat M1terminalwasspecifiedinRelease13foreMTC systems

Operatorsimplementingtechnology(24)

Overview

Licensedspectrum

BatteryLife>10Years

Range<11Km

DataRate<1Mbps

OpenStandard

AvailableNow

Confident.EEAx


Technology landscape: LTE, Cat NB-IoT04.Recent Activities

• February 2015 – Vodadone announced the launch of CellularInternet of Things, that will operate in its licensed spectrum and willbe proposed as an open industry standard by 3GPP. (30)

• September 2015 – Nokia, Ericsson and Intel are going to collaborateon Narrow band LTE, an optimized variant of LTE well-suited for theIoT market segment. (22) (31)

• June 2016 - Standardization of NB-IoT completed as part of LTERelease 13. (32)

• February 2017 – Ericsson, Telefónica and TELIT have successfullytested the first end-to-end data call on NB-IoT over the air onTelefónica's network in Spain.(33)

• March 2017 - Altice Group and Huawei intend to develop IoTsolutions in partnership in order to speed up the creation of newservices that will benefit their customers around the world. (34)

• June 2017 - Deutsche Telekom launched in Germany its first NB-IoTservice packages following the rapid growth of NB-IoT ecosystem.(35)

Description• NB-IoT (Narrowband Internetof Things)isanewLTEsolution,standardizedinRelease13,tosupportultra-lowbitrateapplicationsunderlicensedspectrum.

• NB-IoT aimstoreduceterminalcosts,beingoptimizedforcheaperwirelessmodules,toenableverylongbatterylifeandtoextendtheradiocoveragetosupportlongrangeanddeepindoorcommunications.

• NB-IoT maybedeployedinastandalonemodebyreplacingaGSMcarrier,itcanbeinstalledinthebandwidthreservedforLTEguardbandsormaybedeployedonLTEcarriersofexisting4Gnetworks.

Overview

Licensedspectrum

BatteryLife>10Years

Range<15Km

DataRate<250kbps

OpenStandard

AvailableNow

Confident.EEAx

Cat NB-IoT userequipmentwasspecifiedby3GPPinRelease13forNB-IoT networks.

Operatorsimplementingtechnology(24)

5. Technology Comparative


Technology Comparative: Traditional Celular vs LPWAN 05.

100Mbit/s 4G

10Mbit/s 3G

100kbit/s 2G LTE-M

10kbit/s

NB-IoTEC-GSMLORASIGFOX

Bitrate/Battery life Days Weeks Month Years Decades

(Qualitative Perspective Analysys)


Technology Comparative: LPWAN (I) 05.Parameter LoRa SigFox EC-GSM LTE-M NB-IoT

Range(36) <15Km <50Km <15Km <11Km <15Km

Maximumcouplingloss(37) 157dB 153dB 164dB 160dB 164dB

Maxpeakdatarate(37) 50kbps 100bps 74kbps 1Mbps 250Kbps

Spectrum UnlicensedEU 868, 433MHzUS915MHz(41)

UnlicensedEU 868-869MHzUS902-928MHz(42)

GSMbands LTEbands LTEin-band,guardbands,stand-alone

Bandwidth <500KHz(36) 100KHz(36) 200KHzperch.(38) 1.08MHz (38) 180KHz(38)

RadioTecnhology SpreadSpectrum(36)

UltraNarrowBand(39) TDMA/FDMA OFDM OFDM

Bidirectional modes(37) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Voice(Ericsson) No No No Yes No

Devicemaxtransmittedpower 14dBm 20dBm 23,33dBm(38) 20,23dBm(38) 23dBm (38)

Autonomy(36) >10years >10years >10years >10years >10years


Technology Comparative: LPWAN (II) 05.

Parameter LoRa SigFox EC-GSM LTE-M NB-IoT

Re-useexisting cellularnetworks No No yes yes yes

Linkadaption Yes No Yes Yes yes

Devicecategories yes No yes yes yes

Operationalmode Public orprivate Public Public Public Public

Handover No No Notseamless yes Notseamless

Dataconfidentiality(37) Yes(AppSKey) No Partial(GEA4/5) Yes(EEAx) Yes(EEAx)

Networkauthentication(37) Optional No UMTSAKA LTEAKA LTEAKA

Typical modulecost(37) Low Verylow Low Medium Low

Technologyavailability Now Now On trial Now Now


Technology Comparative: 3GPP Solutions05.

Parameter EC-GSM LTE-M NB-IoT

Range <15Km <11Km <15Km

Maxpeakdatarate

74kbps 1Mbps 250Kbps

Spectrum GSMbands LTEbands LTEin-band,guardbands,stand-alone

Voice No Yes No

Typical modulecost

Low Medium Low

Technologyavailability

On trial Now Now

•NB-IoT is answer for application requiring only limiteddata connections at low cost.

•LTE-M targets more advanced services allowing higherbandwidths, mobility and voice calls.

•EC-GSM and NB-IoT modules are less expensive thanLTE-M ones.

•NB-IoT is the most flexible technology in terms ofspectrum usage and can be deployed on LTE, GSMUMTS bands.

•EC-GSM can be deployed on existing GSM networksbeing a suitable option in the absence of 4G systems.

• EC-GSM is the system with lower traction and is notbeing adopted by the market.

6. Towards 5G


5G scenarios for IMT 2020 and beyond arecentred on three core cases:1.Enhanced Mobile Broadband – Focused onhuman-centric requirements for accessingmultimedia content, services and data.

2.Ultra-reliableandlowlatencycommunications – Addressesmission-criticalcommunicationsscenarios.

3.Massive machine type communications –Targets enormous deployments of low-costdevices typically with constrainedcapabilities.

Towards 5G06.

5Gkeycapabilitiesindifferentusagescenarios

(40)


• 3GPP is evolving its current standards to enable theInternet of Things market. The set of possible IoT usecases requires different connectivity characteristics andtherefore different approaches are being taken.

• The first responses for massive IoT communications arealready being defined on top of the existing cellularnetworks (EC-GSM, LTE-M, NB-IoT).

• 5G will be the answer for the majority of critical IoTcommunications requiring ultra-reliable and lowlatency features.

Towards 5G06.Low cost,low

energy,Small datavolumes,Massive

numbers

Ultrareliable,Verylow latency,

Very highavailability

Smartbuilding

Capillarynetworks

Smartagriculture

Smartmetering

Logistics,trackingand fleet

management

Massive IoT

Critical IoT

RemoteHealth care

Traffic safetyand control

Industrialapplicationand control

Remotemanufacturing,training,surgery

Smart gridautomation


Towards 5G: Vehicular Technology06.

Cellular V2X (“Vehicle to Everything” ) is the 3GPP umbrella term for 3GPP-basedvehicular technologies consisting of 4 types of connectivity:

•V2V communication resort to broadcast capabilities between vehicles or betweenvehicles to make available information about location, velocity or direction to avoidaccidents.•V2P encompasses the communication between a vehicle and a device carried by aperson, for instance a terminal carried by a pedestrian, cyclist, driver or passenger.•V2I transmissions are done between transportation infrastructure entities, whichcollects roads and traffic information, and vehicles to recommend new drivingbehaviors.•V2N communications occurs between a vehicle and a application server in theInternet via 4G or 5G network.(41)

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)

Vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P)

Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)

Vehicle-to-network(V2N)


5Gisconsideringmorechallengingusecasestoderiveservicerequirements:(41)

•Vehicle platooning•Sensorandstatemapsharing•Remote driving of vehicles•Collectiveperceptionoftheenvironment•Informationsharingforfull/automateddriving/platooning•Dynamic ridesharing•Intersectionsafetyinformationprovisioningforurbandriving

Towards 5G: Vehicular Technology06.

Vehicle platooning

V2P V2L

V2N

V2V

7. Altice Labs Positioning


Altice Labs Positioning07.

•The technological evolutions and the new business expectations around IoT make clear the need for AlticeLabs to keep up with these trends of the future.

•The roadmap of some products will for sure be impacted by the IoT evolutions. For instance, it is necessary toensure that M2M products will incorporate the new requirements coming from the LPWAN technologies.

• Smart2M platform from Altice Labs is integrating the support for new mobile terminations making it possibleto fully manage the LPWAN connectivity alongside with 2G/3G/4G.

•The monetization of IoT events, services and applications entails advances in the Online Charging Systemframework. Updates have been introduced in the charging solution to cope with IoT business specificities.

• IoT requires also suitable network management platforms to supervise a huge number of terminals withspecific needs.


Altice Labs Positioning07.

•The network quality management functions provided by platforms like ALTAIA are considering an evolutionroadmap targeting the IoT specific requirements such as new KPIs and metrics. Moreover, operational supportsystems may even be advanced towards Self-Organizing Networks to support autonomous LPWANmanagement.

•The market forecasts of IoT point the way to proceed the search for opportunities in the value chain; besidesthe connectivity, the engagement in the IoT ecosystem should be reached at service enablement orapplication delivery levels.

8. Conclusions


Conclusions08.

• Sigfox and LoRa are two LPWAN proprietary technologies using unlicensed spectrum to provide connectivity.They already have a strong presence in the market and have by now been successfully installed in differentcountries.

• EC-GSM, LTE-M and NB-IoT are 3GPP-based cellular LPWAN technologies supporting massive deployment andthey are perfectly integrated in the LTE and GSM systems that encompass a broad variety of applications andusages scenarios addressing the most relevant IoT needs.

• 3GPP IoT solutions reuse the existing mobile infrastructure being easily deployed over the existing 2G and 4Gmobile networks.

• Operators need to have a strategy to deal with network deployment: licensed vs unlicensed; proprietary oropen standards; partnership or moving alone.

• Chipset and Equipment Vendors will have a primordial role in the selection of these technologies; Sigfoxmodules tend to be cheaper than standardized ones.


Conclusions08.

• IoT is not anymore a trend, it is a reality that demands connectivity for billions of devices. The connectivityrequirements of IoT are significantly different from traditional approaches. In the next years the IoTconnectivity will grow faster than mobile broadband connections.

• Different wireless technologies support different IoT scenarios, the business aspects guide the definition ofrequirements impacting the access type selection.

• LPWAN enables cost effective communications while ensuring long range and extended batteries life,facilitating the deployment of specific new services that become viable through a reduced CAPEX and OPEX.

• Different LPWAN connectivity technologies – proprietary and standardized - are emerging, competing for theIoT connectivity business. In the mid-long term, the market needs consolidation.

9. References


References09.

(1) Report:“MarketTrends:LoRa OffersLow-Risk,High-RewardLPWAOpportunity”GARTNER,May2017

(2) http://file.scirp.org/Html/1-4000110_65802.htm,April 2016

(3) https://machinaresearch.com/news/press-release-global-internet-of-things-market-to-grow-to-27-billion-devices-generating-usd3-trillion-revenue-in-2025/ ,August 2016.

(4) https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/research/?file=a892b75a3a1199a07637708e422bf24a&download,June 2016

(5) https://www.lora-alliance.org

(6) www.sigfox.com/

(7) http://www.scoop.it/t/the-french-wireless-connection/p/4038666933/2015/03/07/successful-launch-of-lora-alliance

(8) http://www.bouygues.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/0326_CP_reseau_LoRa_IoT_ENG.pdf

(9) https://www.lora-alliance.org/kbdetail/Contenttype/ArticleDet/moduleId/583/Aid/23/PR/PR

(10) http://telecoms.com/426011/consortium-including-orange-and-foxconn-backs-lora-iot-startup-actility/

(11) https://www.semtech.com/Press-Releases/2015/Senet-Deploys-First-Low-Power-Wide-Area-Network--in-North-America-for-IoT-Applications-Based-on-Semtech-LoRaT-RF-Platform.html

(12) http://www.orange.com/en/Press-and-medias/press-releases-2015/Orange-deploys-a-network-for-the-Internet-of-Things

(13) http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151001005413/en/LoRa%C2%AE-enabled-IoT-Network-Russia-Covering-30-Million#.VhGN_flViko


References09.(14) https://www.lora-alliance.org/alliance-press-releases

(15) http://telecoms.com/397992/telefonica-sk-telecom-ntt-docomo-invest-in-french-iot-firm-sigfox/

(16) https://www.sigfox.com/en/news/sigfoxs-ecosystem-delivers-worlds-first-ultra-low-cost-modules-fuel-internet-things-mass

(17) https://www.sigfox.com/en/news/sigfox-achieves-record-growth-us-confirms-network-coverage-100-us-cities

(18) https://www.sigfox.com/en/news/bosch-partners-sigfox-produce-sigfox-access-station

(19) https://www.gsma.com/iot/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/3GPP-Low-Power-Wide-Area-Technologies-GSMA-White-Paper.pdf

(20) https://fhcouk.files.wordpress.com/2017/05/lpwa-technology-security-comparison.pdf

(21) http://www.gsma.com/newsroom/press-release/gsma-launches-low-power-wide-area-network-initiative-accelerate-growth-internet-of-things/

(22) https://www.ericsson.com/en/press-releases/2016/2/ericsson-and-orange-in-internet-of-things-trial-with-ec-gsm-iot

(23) http://www.groundtruthdata.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Groundtruth-MWC-2017-Press-Release.pdf

(24) https://www.gsma.com/iot/mobile-iot-commercial-launches/

(25) http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2016/01/26/kt-nokia-conduct-worlds-first-emtc-field-trial-on-lte-network

(26) https://www.orange.com/en/Press-Room/press-releases/press-releases-2017/AT-T-KDDI-KPN-NTT-DOCOMO-Orange-Telefonica-Telstra-TELUS-and-Verizon-Back-Deployment-of-LTE-M-for-Internet-of-Things

(27) http://www.gemalto.com/press/Pages/Gemalto-launches-LTE-Cat-M1-wireless-module-to-enable-new-IoT-use-cases.aspx


References09.(28) https://www.orange.com/en/Press-Room/press-releases/press-releases-2017/Orange-accelerates-towards-the-Mobile-Internet-of-Things

(29) http://about.att.com/story/att_launches_lte_m_network_a_step_forward_to_5g.html

(30) http://www.vodafone.com/content/index/about/what/technology-blog/2015/02/vodafone_extendsits.html

(31) http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/nokia-ericsson-intel-back-nb-lte-yet-another-wireless-technology-iot/2015-09-14

(32) http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1785-nb_iot_complete

(33) https://www.ericsson.com/en/press-releases/2017/2/ericsson-telefonica-and-telit-successfully-test-first-end-to-end-nb-iot-data-call-in-spain

(34) https://www.telecom.pt/en-us/media/noticias/Pages/2017/marco/Altice-e-Huawei-promovem-desenvolvimento-de-servicos-IoT.aspx

(35) )https://www.telekom.com/en/media/media-information/archive/first-narrowband-iot-service-packages-launched-in-germany-497494

(36) https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Regional-Presence/AsiaPacific/SiteAssets/Pages/Events/2016/Dec-2016-IoT/IoTtraining/IoT%20network%20planning%20ST%2015122016.pdf

(37) https://fhcouk.files.wordpress.com/2017/05/lpwa-technology-security-comparison.pdf

(38) http://www.3gpp.org/images/articleimages/iot_summary_large.jpg

(39) https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Regional-Presence/AsiaPacific/SiteAssets/Pages/Events/2016/Dec-2016-IoT/IoTtraining/IoT%20network%20planning%20ST%2015122016.pdf

(40) https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC-M.2083-0-201509-I!!PDF-E.pdf

(41) http://www.5gamericas.org/files/2914/7769/1296/5GA_V2X_Report_FINAL_for_upload.pdf

(42) http://www.analysysmason.com/Research/Content/Reports/M2M-and-Internet-of-Things-IoT-opportunities-for-telecoms-operators/

(28) www.3gpp.org/s-events/3gpp-news/1798-v2x_r14

IoT- Cellular Networks

October 2017

alb iot cellular networks v1 · 8 iotcellularnetworks •iotenables optimized resource usage...

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