a project by saten on pmgsy

7/30/2019 A Project by Saten on PMGSY

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A

Summer Traini ng Project Report

On

PMGSY Project & Its Impact On Rural Development

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

(U.P.TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW)

2007-09

Roll No-0709770049Satendra Kumar

GALGOTIAS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1, KNOWLEDGE PARK, PHASE II, GREATER NOIDA


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Supervisor Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Satendra Kumar is a student of MBA,

Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology Greater Noida, has

successfully completed his project under my supervision.

During this period he worked the project title PMGSY PROJECT AND

ITS IMPACT ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT in partial fulfilment for the

award of the Degree of MBA of U.P. Technical Board, Lucknow.

This project report work done by the candidate has not been submitted

to any university for award of any degree. His conduct has been good.

Signature of Supervisor

Ms. Shurti Agrawal

Date: Signature of HOD

MBA[2007-09]


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the very onset I would like to thank our honourable HOD Dr. Dinesh

Kumar Sharma and our Director, Mr. Navin Prakash for giving me this

opportunity to do my summer training in SMEC INDIA PVT.LTD.

I shall remain very grateful to Col. [Retd.] B.P Kukreti, Branch Manager

for providing me with an opportunity to do my summer training in SMEC INDIA

Pvt. Ltd., LUCKNOW.

I extend my deepest and sincere thanks to my project guide Mr. Rajesh

Kumar Mathur, for his unflinching support and guidance throughout the project.

I would also like to thank all the executives who shared their precious time and

experience with me.

Last but not the least; I extend my sincere thanks to all the staff members

of SMEC INDIA PVT.LTD. For their cooperation.

SATENDRA KUMAR

GCET, Gr. Noida

0709770049


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TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Cover Page2. Certificate from the Company

3. Certificate from Department

4. Acknowledgement

5. Table of contents

6. Table of Figures & Graphs

CHAPTER: 1 Introduction to the Topic (Objectives and Scope of Study) 6

CHAPTER: 2 Literature Reviews 7-35

CHAPTER: 3 about the Company 36-64

CHAPTER: 4 Research Methodologies 65-68

4.1 Sources of Data and type of study

4.2 Sample Study (if applicable)

4.2.1 Sample Universe

4.2.2 Sample Size

4.2.3 Method for selection of Sample

4.3 Methods for analyzing the data

CHAPTER: 5 Data Analysis & Interpretation. 69-80

CHAPTER: 6 Findings 81-82

CHAPTER: 7 Recommendations & Suggestions 83-90

CHAPTER: 8 Conclusions. 91

Appendixes and Bibliographies

QUESTIONNAIRE


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TABLE OF FIGURE AND GRAPHS

Content Page No.

Target under PMGSY 18

New connectivity cost 19

Achievement cost(2000-01 to 2006-07) 20,21

State wise achievement 22,23

Strengthening of institutional capacity 25


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Introduction to the Topic (Objectives and Scope of Study)

Rural Road Connectivity is not only a key component of Rural Development by

promoting access to economic and social services and thereby generating

increased agricultural incomes and productive employment opportunities in

India, it is also as a result, a key ingredient in ensuring sustainable poverty

reduction. Notwithstanding the efforts made, over the years, at the State and

Central levels, through different Programmers, about 40% of the Habitations in

the country are still not connected by All-weather roads. It is well known that

even where connectivity has been provided, the roads constructed are of suchquality (due to poor construction or maintenance) that they cannot always be

categorized as All-weather roads.

The primary objective of this project report is Study of PMGSY project and secondary

objective of this report is highlights the impact of the PMGSY in the development of

rural areas.

Basically this study emphasize on these sectors which are most important for

the development of the rural areas:

Agriculture

Education

Transportation

Health Services

Connectivity

Poverty

Employment Generation


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STATUS OF RURAL ROADS IN INDIA

Total length of the road network in the India 3.2 million km.

National highways 650600 km [2.5%]

State Highways & major District Highways 432000 km [13.5%]

Rural roads 2.7 million km [84.4%]

80% of rural roads unsurfaced

329898 habitations [40%] out of 848894 rural habitations lack all-

weather connectivity.

LAUNCHING OF PMGSY

Rural roads a state subject under the construction of India.

Recognizing centrality of access and mobility in the overall strategy if

rural development and poverty alleviation a scheme for rural roads

[PMGSY] was launched by the central Government in December 2000.

Total funding of the construction cost by the central Government. Implementation responsibility fully with the states.


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CABINET DECISION OF 7TH AUGUST 2001

PMGSY to be 100% centrally sponsored scheme.

To be funded our of diesel cess in accordance with the central road fund

act 2000.

National rural roads developing agency [NRRDA] to be set up for

technical support and operational management.

MoRD to take steps in coordination with ministry of finance to general

additional financial resources including from ADB/world Bank.

GOALS

To provide all-weather connectivity to all habitations having population of

5000 or more in plain areas and all habitations having population of 250

or more in hill, tribal and desert areas (initial target was for 1000+ by

2003 and for others by 2007).

To upgrade existing through routes and major rural link routes to ensure

full from to market connectivity.

Total no of habitation to be connects-172000.

Under Bharat Nirman announced in Feb.2005,the target is to connect all

habitations of 1000+ population in plain areas and all habitation of 500+

population in Hill states , Tribal and desert areas by 2009.

Total estimated investmentRs. 133000 core (for Bharat Nirman target

Rs 48000 core from 2005-09)


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FINANCING

50% of the Rs 1.50 cess on High Speed Dieselan average

Rs.4000 corer annually.

Funding support from multilateral agencies .

ADB US $ 400 million (Rs 5175 crore between 2004-05 & 2009-10).

WB- US $ 400 million ( RS 1800 crore between 2004-05 & 2009-

10,additional support of $ 500mn in process)

Borrowing Rs 16500 crore from NABARD between 2006-07 & 2005-10.

DRAWBACK IN DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ROAD IN

INDIA

Absence of systematic network planning .

Without proper standard, design and specifications. Adhoc project selection.

Multiplicity of agencies and schemes involved in construction and

maintenance.

Absence of systematic quality control.

Neglect of Maintenance.


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INITIATIVES UNDER PMGSY NETWORK PLANNING

A core network of rural roads prepared for every district, minimal network

to provide one basic access to every eligible habitation.

Participatory Planning Extensive

Consultation with the institutions of local self Government in preparation

and finalization of the core network.

Technical support provided to the states for preparation of core

networks.

SETTING STANDERDS AND SPECFICATIONS

Rural roads manual prepared in 2002.

Standard data book and book of specifications published in 2004.

Design and estimates based and detailed field surveys and soil tests.

Design & estimates checked by the designated state technical agencies.

Procedures and processes to be followed codified in the operation

manual.


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SUB PROJECT PREPARATION & SELECTION

PROCESS

Core network approved by the district panchayat , provides the basis for

a clear scheme of prioritization for sub project selection.

For new connectivity a comprehensive priority list (CNCPL) is drawn up

by ranking link routes in terms of population served.

Precedence given too new connectivity special focus on 10 core states

with least connectivity.

For up gradation a priority list (CUPL) is prepared on the basis of

pavement condition survey.

The process eschews aphorism and discretion in subproject selection

there ensuring objectivity, transparency and equity.

Annual proposals approved by the district panchayat (through a

consulautative process involving lower level PRIS and elected

representatives).

Alignment selected through transect walk including local panchayat

before DPR preparation.

States proposals considered in MoRD by committee chaired bysecretary (RD), including MORTH, Planning commission, CRRI, etc.

Recommendation of the committee approved by minister (Rural

development)


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STANDARDIZATION OF BIDDING PROCESS

Standard bidding document developed.

Flexibility for incorporating state specific variations.

Evaluation and acceptance criteria incorporated in the bid documenttransparency.

Bid capacity requirement to be fulfilled.

Interest free mobilization advance P & m advance for capacity

augmentation.

SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SAFE GUARDS

Effort to reduce adverse environmental & social impact of the project.

Safeguard instruments:

environmental code of practice(ECoP).

Resettlement & participation framework(RPF)

Provides for:

Identification of risks.

Consultation with stakeholder, PRIS.

Adoption of mitigate measures as per statutory / policy framework.

Audit of measures taken at project preparation stage and effectiveness

During and Post construction stages through check lists.


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ENVIRONMENAL SAFE GUARDS

Reduce adverse environmental impact by addressing issues of:

Soil Erosion

Impediments to natural drainage.

Disturbance to flora & fauna.

Surface water quality.

Stabilization of hill slopes.

Reduce adverse impacts on:

Agricultural operations.

Irrigation systems.

Cattle crossings

Public safety due to vehicular movement.

INSTITUTIONAL ARCHHITECTURE FOR EFFECTIVE

IMPLEMENTAION

National rural roads development agency (NRRDA) set up at the central

Government level for providing technical and management support to

the state government.

State level rural road development agencies (SRRDA) set up to

eliminate multiplicity if agencies.

Funding support for core unit of technical personnel in the SRRDAs.

Dedicated programme implementation units at the district level.


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FLOW OF FUND

SRRDA to select a bank branch with internet connectivity at state

headquarters.

Three separate accounts for (A) administrative fund and(B) programme

fund (C) maintenance fund to be maintained.

MoRD releases funds into the programme account and administrative

account.

No separate accounts at PIU level Head of PIUs are the authorised

signatories for issuing cheques.

The empowered officer of SRRDA to inform the bank about authorised

signatory and for any purpose other than the authorised work.

A tripartite agreement between NRRDA, SRRDA & Bank to follow

guidelines.

On-line accounting system adopted.


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ONLINE MONITORING

A web-based online system developed to facilitate monitoring and

transparency.

Monitoring modules include connectivity states procurement status,

physical and financial progress, account and quality monitoring.

Embedded decision support system for on-time delivery, cost

management and quality control.

QUALITY MONITORING

Quality control as per QC handbook.

QC register for every work maintained by contractor and PIU.

Site QC lab by contractor part of contract.

Three tier quality control mechanism.

1. 1st tier-in house quality enforcement mechanism, tests prescribed by IRC

to be followed ensuring establishment of field laboratories by contractors

and supervision by executive engineer.

2. 2nd tierquality control through independent monitors at state level.

3. 3rd tier-quality audit through national quality monitors.

Technical audit introduced in April 2008 in three states, Madhya

Pradesh, Chhattisgarh & Orissa.

Citizen information boards at project sites displaying volume of material

used for each layer.


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MAINTENANCE OF ROAD ASSETS

State Governments required to provide adequate funds for maintenance

of the entire core network.

Advocacy for empowering and building the capacity of the local self

Governments to take over maintenance of the rural roads.

Prioritization of maintenance(both routine and periodic) based on

pavement condition index.

Major institutional reforms needed at the state level for setting op an

efficient and unified maintenance mechanism.

All PMGSY roads to have a 5 years paid routine maintenance contract.

The maintenance contracts to be entered into along with the construction

contract with the same contractor .

PMGSY through routes also to be covered by a second 4 years routine

maintenance contract.

HRD INTERVENTIONS

Requirement based courses developed.

Special training programmes organized for implementing staff.

Contractors engineer and workers included. Training through established

institution and engineering colleges.

Faculty from academic as well as practitioners.

Exposure visits.

Nearly 15000 personnel trained.


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R & D INTERVENTION

Pilot project an use of jute geotextile started.

Pilot project on CC roads, use of flyash, modified bitumen, soil

stabilization being undertaken.

Manual for designs, construction and maintenance of gravel roads under

preparation.

Preparation of guidelines for the use of waste plastic in rural roads under

process.


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TARGET UNDER PMGSY

STATESELIGIBLEHABITATION

NEWCONNEVTIVITY(kms)

UPGRADITION(kms)

MadhyaPradesh

Core States 18442 60264.12 37237

Uttar Pradesh 24284 38725.00 57074

Chhattisgarh 12561 37556.05 16892

Bihar 17920 33350.67 18581

Rajasthan 10995 31947.75 26117

Orissa 14393 31527.23 28327

West Bengal 25288 23651.54 18958

Jharkhand 10696 21445.00 12429

Assam 13144 18987.00 13046

HimachalPradesh

3494 12832.00 9431

Total of corestates

151267(88%)

310286.36(84%)

238092(65%)

Other (non core)States

21263(12%)

59844.19(16%)

130186(35%)

Total 172787 369330.55 368278


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New Connectivity Cost

Name ofState

Length Required (in km) for

habitation of population

1000+ 500+ 250+

Cost

MadhyaPradesh

7900 6671 4416 4628

Uttar Pradesh 26687 6664 0 6031

Chhattisgarh 12213 14709 10634 6431

Bihar 1734 3389 7709 2629

Rajasthan 5298 8943 7204 3256

Orissa 25131 31403 3730 10343

West Bengal 10896 3721 6910 6228

Jharkhand 7063 19468 5417 3733

Assam 16300 22300 125 6615

HimachalPradesh

13192 9803 657 6540

Total of corestates

126414 137071 46802 56439

Other (noncore) States

10515 26261 22269 13011

Total 136930 163330 69070 69450


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Achievement (2000-01 to 2006-07)

Phase Budget(in crore)

Value of Projectcleared

AmountReleased

HabitationCoverage

Cess ADB/WB

(2000-01) 2500 2516.69 2565.30 10040

I(2001-02) 2500 5142.39 4956.63 11319

I (2002-03) 2500

II(2003-04) 2325 6080.21 5216.51 13876

V(2004-05) 2143 320 5249.50 2748.83 10228V(2005-06) 3809.5 410.55 6126.37 1230.88 10626

VI(2006-07) 3725.62 1500 3639.41 0.00 10153ADB/WB 4522.65 1667.42

TOTAL 1950.12 2230.5 33287.22 18335.57 66254


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Achievement (2000-01 to 2006-07)

Phase No. of Roads Length of Roads(in kms)

No. of Roads

Sanctioned Completed

I(2000-01) 13192 30330 12723 29354

II(2001-02) 10963 32033 9980 29447

II (2002-03)

III(2003-04) 8706 33276 6785 23335

IV(2004-05) 6994 24510 1953 9112

V(2005-06) 6165 26105 669 2754

VI(2006-07) 4960 18334 - -

ADB/WB 4374 20107 1042 3946

TOTAL 55354 184695 33152 97948


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State wise Achievement

State Value ofProposal(Rs incorer)


No ofRoadworks

Length ofRoad works

No ofRoadworks

Length ofRoad works

Andhra Pradesh 1532.95 4580 13284.10 3590 8691.35

ArunachalPradesh

437.74 446 1386.77 337 1158.18

Assam 1601.11 1294 4385.87 667 1672.07Bihar 1384.03 1247 5239.60 670 1786.84Chhattisgarh 2220.21 2094 10993.84 921 5255.53

Goa9.72 90 178.76 72 158.70

Gujarat 438.43 1553 3250.02 1153 2416.38Haryana 457.72 176 2194.34 77 1107.85HimachalPradesh

1353.08 1506 7590.09 550 3132.03

Jammu &Kashmir 312.40 277 1025.81 46 103.82

Jharkhand 633.03 629 3362.37 447 2366.93Karnataka 759.36 1921 7240.01 1539 5076.52Kerala 196.73 443 837.04 192 345.80MadhyaPradesh

5159.95 5552 26456.45 2394 11193.28

Maharashtra 1792.67 37-7 11225.92 1570 3446.20


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State wise Achievement

State Value ofProposal(Rs in corer)


No of Roadworks

Length of Roadworks

No ofRoadworks

Length ofRoad works

Manipur 273.04 849 1266.84 527 707.97

Meghalapur 148.72 347 811.43 290 675.86Mizoram 333.23 114 1526.83 67 986.02Nagaland 194.43 208 1996.67 173 1581.37Orissa 2240.95 2880 9514.74 1737 5422.16Punjab 300.31 525 1554.99 407 1182.99Rajasthan 4502.01 8865 30872.01 460 1627.02Sikkim 298.37 182 1912.48 79 1465.04Tamil Nadu 724.18 2604 5040.68 1752 3184.82Tripura 200.99 311 841.38 205 437.87UttarPradesh

2916.29 11186 21227.95 8128 13940.84

Uttaranchal 360.83 292 1822.86 137 545.31

WestBengal

2328.20 1274 7658.14 704 3664.14

Total 33207.54 55212 184694.53 33086 97947.18


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IMPLIMENTATION ISSUES

INSTITUTIONL ISSUES:

12 major states required to scale up their annual expenditure by morethan 5 times.

Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh ,Himachal Pradesh , Orissa ,

Chhattisgarh & west Bengal have increased the number of PIUs.

CPWD,IRCON,NBCC,NHPC&NPCC deployed in Bihar and NBCC &

HSCL in Tripura.

Deployment of NBCC proposed for two districts in Jammu & Kashmir ,

formal proposal from the state Government awaited. Outsourcing of project preparation allowed since April 2006.

Project implementation consultants engaged in Madhya Pradesh,

Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Orissa & Assam under the ADB assisted

programme.


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STRENGTHEING OF INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY

STATE STATE LEVEL INSTUTION PIU LEVEL

Arunachal Pradesh SRRDA adequately staffed 1 new PIU added

Assam 16 new PIUs added

Bihar 5 central agency developed

Chhattisgarh 2CEs,5SEs added 16 newPIUs,84AEs,236AEs added

Himachal Pradesh 1CE added 26 new sub-division forPMGSY

Karnataka SRRDA adequately staffed 26 new sub-division forPMGSY

Maharashtra SRRDA added with CE & 1

SQC

66 new sub-division for

PMGSY

Manipur 6 PIUs dedicated forPMGSY

Madhya Pradesh 5CEs,2SEs added 37 new PIUs added

Orissa 1CE,1 Addle sectary added 8 new PIUs added

Sikkim SRRDA adequately staffed 2 new PIUs,4new subdivision

Tripura SRRDA adequately staffed NBCC & HSCL deployed

Uttar Pradesh 1 CE added 21 new PIUs added

West Bengal 2SEs,1SQC added 7new PIUs, 35AEs & 100JEs.


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Contracting capacity:

Action taken to increase the contracting capacity:

Standard bidding document amended in September 2000 & package

sizes from Rs 50 lakh-Rs 2 corer & Rs 2 corer-Rs 10 corers allowed with

differential qualification criteria to enable more, contractors to participate.

Flexibility given to states in September 2006 to float packages above Rs

10 corer to induce participation by big contractors.

Joint ventures between big and small contractors permitted.

Interaction between contractors, equipment manufacturers, equipment

leasing firms and financial institutions held in Madhya Pradesh. Two

more such interactions being facilitated in Orissa & West Bengal.

Performance incentive for timely completion introduced in September

2006 through higher weight age in qualification assessment in future

contracts.

Forest & Environment clearances:

Constraints on land availability particularly in hell states like Uttaranchal {radish

and Jammu & Kashmir on account of procedure for clearance under forest

conservation Act and other Acts.

MoRD has suggested-

(1).to give general approval empowering state Governments to clear rural road

projects requiring up to 3 has, till2009.

(2). Enhancement of the powers of regional offices to MoEF to clear projects up

to 20 has, from the current level of 5 has.

(3).To delete rural roads from the list of projects requiring environment impact

assessment and clearance under the environment (protection) Act.

(4). To do away with two stage clearance in respect of states agreeing to payfunds for compensatory a forestation and NPV in advance.

(5).To tale op separately with the Supreme Court permission to under- take

rural roads included in existing management plans for protected areas.


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Increase in prices of Materials:

Abnormal increase in prices of critical materials last year (bitumen 70%,

cement 25%).

Contracts awarded under PMGSY are fixed price contracts with no

compensation for price variation during execution.

Some relief provided by the ministry in may 2006 by accommodating

increase in the cost of bitumen in respect of projects approved during the

current year before award of contracts.

States have sought review of this policy and introduction the stat rating

system to neutralize the effect of abnormal increase in price of these

materials during execution the matter is under consideration.

Security related:

Problem in getting qualified contractors to execute projects and provides

them with security at the work site in Naxalite and insurgency affected

areas resulting in slow progress & time overrun.

In Naxalite affected district if Chhattisgarh the percentage of road length

in phases 3rd

and 4th

is 20%-30% lower than in other districts. Need for deployment of central agencies with strong project

implementation capability in the hard core Naxalite and insurgency

affected districts to supplement the efforts of state agencies.


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NRRDA National Rural Road Development Agency

The Ministry of Rural Development have set up the National Rural Roads

Development Agency (NRRDA) to provide Operational and Management

support to the Programme.

The NRRDA will provide support, inter alia, on the following:

Designs & Specifications and Cost norms.

Technical Agencies

District Rural Roads Plans and Core Network.

Scrutiny of Project Proposals

Quality Monitoring

Monitoring of progress, including online monitoring

&D

Resource Development

All State Governments will ensure timely furnishing of all necessary reports,

data and information to the National Rural Roads Development Agency.


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NRRDA is headed by DG NRRDA with the organizational structure

as:

Director General

DirectorTechnical

DirectorProjects-I

DirectorProjects-II

II DirectorProjects-III

DirectorFinance

IT Cell


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PMGSY IMPACT ON VARIOUs FIELDs

Impact on :agriculture:

The construction of the PMGSY roads has greatly benefited the farmers.Prior to the construction of the PMGSY roads, farmers found it difficult to

sell agricultural goods in the bigger markets that are located at a

distance from their villages. Due to lack of transport, the farmers had to

often physically carry the baskets of agricultural goods on their heads

and could thus transport only a small amount of agricultural produce to

the market. Also, a lot of travel time was lost. Thus, the whole process

was not profitable. However, the construction of the PMGSY roads has

resulted in increased and easier movement of farmers and their produce

and has thus increased agricultural profit.

PMGSY road connectivity has led to a better transport system during all

seasons. Farmers mentioned that the problem of not being able to

access the markets during monsoon has been solved by the

construction of the roads. This impact has been greatly felt in the states

of West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, and Mizoram, Assam etc.

The PMGSY roads had a positive impact on the agricultural

infrastructure as habitations are now using motorized equipments such

as tractors, threshing machines for cultivation leading to a more efficient,

time savingand profitable process of cultivation.

The PMGSY roads have made it easier to transport chemical fertilizers,

seeds and pesticides. Increased use of these items was observed in

Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and West Bengal.

Considerable change in cropping pattern was observed in the States of

Himachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Tamil Nadu, with a switch from food

crops to cash crops (such as ginger, jute, sugarcane sunflower).

Change in cropping intensityas a result of increased agricultural trade

was observed in case of crops like tomato, cauliflower, alma, harre,

behar etc in the post PMGSY road phase.


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Impact on employment generation:

After the construction of PMGSY roads, an improvement in the

employment situation in terms ofmore job opportunities, more avenues

for self-employment, etc. were observed. A lot of housewives mentionedthat they have started small scale industries like making, pickles,

padads, boris ( lentil cakes) murir moa (puffed rice balls) etc.

On-farm employmentopportunities have increased due to shift from

grains to cash crops and also multiple cropping particularly in the state of

Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and Mizoram.

More people are going to nearby towns and villages forodd jobs like

selling woods, vegetables, dairy products and locally made items likepickles, papad etc.

Non-farm opportunities like opening of shops, small business, cottage

industries has increased in the States of Himachal Pradesh, Madhya

Pradesh, Mizoram, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh.

Besides, road connectivity has led to expansion of local industries, which

in turn has generated employment opportunities


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Impact on industry:

There has not been much impact in the industrial sector in terms of new

small industries as it is too early to measure change. However, an

impact on the existing small industries was observed in terms of easieraccess to raw materials, availability of commercial vehicles to transport

bulk product to the markets etc. This has led to economies of scale

particularly in the state of Assam and Mizoram

Beneficiaries reported that the pottery and brick making industry of

Orissa has benefited from the PMGSY roads.

Perceived benefit of PMGSY roads was also reported in the cottage

industries of Tamil Nadu, Handloom industry of West Bengal and Agroindustry in Assam.

Impact on health:

There has been an overall improvement in access to the health facilities

like PHCs, sub-centers and district hospitals in the States of West

Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh and

Madhya Pradesh

Positive impact was observed with regard to increase in accessibility to

preventive and curative health care facilities; better management of

infectious diseases and attending to emergencies due to faster access to

health facilities and increase in frequency of visits by health workers

Improvement in antenatal and post-natalcare thereby decreasing

obstetrics emergencies was observed by beneficiaries in the States of

Mizoram, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and

West Bengal.

Beneficiaries of the above mentioned states also mentioned that road

connectivity and an improved transport system had enabled families to

opt forinstitutional deliveries in hospitals outside the village.

Beneficiaries reported decrease in infant and child mortality.This has

been possible due to easier and faster availability of health care facilities

in the post PMGSY road phase.


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Impact on education sector:

With the construction of PMGSY roads, there has been an improvement

in the accessibility to education facilities. This has resulted in increased

school enrolment and school attendance in all the States. Beneficiaries reported that the PMGSY road connectivity had led to an

increase in the number of girls going to schools in the States of Assam,

Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Most parents

mentioned that they were now more confident about sending their

daughters to schools unescorted.

Another noteworthy impact has been in terms ofregular attendance of

the teachers throughout the year and greater inclination of parents tosend boys and girls for higher studies and college education.

Impact on social aspects:

The construction of the PMGSY road has led to an increase in frequency

of visits by Government officials. This is likely to result in better

implementation of various Government schemes and programs.

There has been an increase in the visits of grass root level functionarieslike health workers/Auxiliary Nurse and Midwives (ANMs), Village Level

Workers (VLWs) and Village Anganwadi Worker (VAWs) in the states of

Orissa, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal.

Beneficiaries also mentioned that with better road connectivity there has

been an improvement in accessibility to the Banks and improvement of

the Post and Telegraph facilities in all the States.

Road connectivity has also enabled a quicker access topolice services.

This has ensured an improved law and order situation in some areas.

A notable change as observed was that social networkof villagers has

widened in all the States. Marriage alliance radius has increased

substantially.

The road connectivity has increased the mobility of women as they can

now travel alone in buses and cycles.


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Impact on transport facilities:

The benefits of rural connectivity has been felt most in Mizoram and

Rajasthan where PMGSY roads have made it easier for the beneficiaries

to cope with the difficult terrain. Beneficiaries in all the States mentioned that there has been an increase

in ownership ofbicycles and two wheelers especially in the States of

Assam, Rajasthan, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.

Beneficiaries also mentioned that there has been an improvement in the

public as well as theprivate transport system in all the States under

study.

Impact on Urbanization:

Trend towards urbanization of an area as an immediate and direct

impact of providing rural road connectivity was observed in course of the

study. The study areas have seen some rapid changes from traditional

to modern ways of life. For, instance, roads have drawn the villagers to

the town entertainments; there has been increased use and ownership

of television and other electrical gadgets.

Penetration ofcooking gas in the rural areas has been facilitated, with

consequent beneficial impact on the health of women and more time for

not having to collect firewood or make dung cakes, and due to faster

cooking time of gas.

The states of Mizoram, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal reported

conversion of kuchcha houses topucca houses.

Beneficiaries in all the States mentioned that the most visible change

was in term of sudden escalation ofprices of landadjacent to the

PMGSY roads. This had led to an increase in the sale of land for

commercial purposes.


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Impact on Poverty Alleviation:

A spin off benefit of PMGSY roads has been on the income

level of the habitants benefiting from these roads. The roads,

directly or indirectly have provided opportunities for on-farm

and off -farm employments as well as self-employment.

With the improvement in on-farm and non-farm employment

opportunities, beneficiaries in all the states reported increase

in their average household income.


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ABOUT COMPANY

SMEC India Pvt. Ltd:

SMEC (India) Pvt. Ltd. was established in the year 1994, incorporated under

the Indian Companies Act 1956 and is wholly owned subsidiary companies of

SMEC International Pty. Ltd. the international operating arm of SMEC Holdings

Ltd. SMEC India is registered with the Asian Development Bank vide DACON

No. 000192 and World Bank. It is also empanelled with the Ministry of Road

Transport and Highways, Ministry of Environment and Forests, National

Highways Authority of India and several other Central and State Govt.

Departments/ Agencies.

SMEC Indias Corporate Office is located in Gurgaon and besides having fully

equipped branch offices in Luck now (Uttar Pradesh), Chennai (Tamil Nadu),

Guwahati (Assam), Bangalore (Karnataka), Bhubaneswar (Orissa), Hyderabad

(Andhra Pradesh); SMEC India is currently maintaining its Project Offices in

Etawah, Udaipur, Bhopal, Gaya, Dhanbad, Gandhinagar, Faizabad,

Thiruvanandhapuram, Shimla, Gangtok, Shillong, Raipur, Itanagar, Mathura,

Baran, Lumding

SMEC India has worked in various States of India including Andhra Pradesh,

Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, West Bengal, Assam,

Meghalaya, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal

Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Goa, Delhi, Madhya

Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Chandigarh and some other Countries including

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Dubai and Maldives.

A company which has emulated the best Australia as well as India. Of both,

And provide flexible, tailor-made time bound project plans. Understanding the

socio, economic technical and cultural milieu of functioning, within the thread

work of this socio-eco-tech and cultural contrast, we deliver better.


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SMEC INTERNATIONAL PVT.LTD

SMEC grew out of the Snowy Mountains Scheme which was a massive

hydropower and irrigation project undertaken in Australia between 1949 and

1974. The purpose of the scheme was to divert the rivers of south eastern

Australia back towards the west to provide irrigation water and also to generate

peak load electricity for the states of New South Wales and Victoria. The

Commonwealth Government financed the Scheme with the assistance of a

$100 million loan from the World Bank.

The scheme was administered by the Snowy Mountains Authority (SMA)

owned by the Australian Government. By 1960 SMA was in demand to designand manage development projects in Australia and overseas, particularly on

behalf of the Australian aid program.

As the Snowy Mountains Scheme approached completion the Australian

Government decided that the skills developed in SMA should be retained for

application in Australia and overseas. Snowy Mountains Engineering

Corporation (SMEC) was therefore established under Act of Parliament in 1970

as an agency of the Commonwealth Government. During the 1970s the

company expanded its international operations to include work with the World

Bank and the Asian Development Bank and SMEC's first overseas office was

established in Kuala Lumpur. SMEC was corporatized in 1989 and privatised

by sale to the staff in 1993.


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Corporate Profile: SMEC, originally Snowy Mountains Engineering

Corporation, is one of the leading engineering and development consultancies

in the world.

To date SMEC has successfully completed many thousands of separate

projects in Australia and in more than 79 other countries for international

funding and aid agencies, as well as for government organisations and private

sector clients. Major international agencies with which SMEC is registered as a

consultant include the United Nations, the World Bank, the Asian Development

Bank, the Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-operation, the Kuwait Fund

for Arab Economic Development, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development, the

Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, the Islamic Development Bank,

the OPEC Fund for International Development, and the Australian Agency for

International Development. SMEC is also registered with a number of

government ministries in various countries and with Local, State and Federal

Government authorities in Australia.

Today SMEC's personnel and other resources are being utilised on over 150

projects throughout Australia, Asia, Africa, the Middle East and the Pacific,

undertaking studies, investigations, design, project implementation and

management, and training as well as a variety of assignments in various

individual specialist disciplines

SMEC is committed to implementing quality assurance on all corporate

activities and on projects undertaken on behalf of clients, and to this end

operates under a quality assurance and environmental management system

which satisfies the requirements of ISO 9001:1994 and ISO 14001:1996.

SMEC is certified as a "Quality Endorsed Company with licence no.0655.


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for SMEC's NSW operations in February 1999, then extended to the ACT

operations of SMEC in October 1999, to be followed by all other SMEC

Australian offices.

SMEC is one of the first consultants in Australia to achieve certification to this

International Environmental Management System Standard. SMEC has gained

ISO 14001 certification to better: manage its environmental aspects to

minimize SMEC's potential to cause adverse environmental impacts;

understand relevant environmental legislation; incorporate the relevant

requirements of environmental laws into SMEC's products, particularly its

designs and study / planning reports.

Occupational Health & Safety Management System (AS 4801)

SMEC integrated the requirements of the Australian Standard 4801:2000 (OHS

Management Systems) into its Quality and Environmental Management System

in 2000. The Company is now aiming to achieve certification to AS 4801 in

2001.

Integrated Quality, Environmental & Safety Management System

SMEC has now developed an integrated management system which satisfies

the following Standards:

ISO 9001:2000 (Quality Management Systems Requirements);

ISO 14001: 1996 (Environmental Management Systems Specification);

and

AS 4801: 2000 (Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems

Specification).


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Vision/Mission:

Vision

Quality consulting and development solutions worldwide

Mission

Meeting the needs of clients and community through technical excellence and

innovation.


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Consolidated India Region Organisation Chart

Regional Manager/Managing Director

Director OperationH&T

GM - H&T (BD)

GM - H&T(Operations

Road DesignManager

Director OperationCIG/Power

GM - Hydro &Tunnels

GM - Power

GM - Buildings

Director Operation

GM -W&E

GM - SUI

GM -LGG

Director Finance

Finance &Accounts

FMIS

India Accounts

InternationalAccounts

IO Regional

Accountant

HR & Corporate Affairs

CorporatePlanning

WorkforcePlanning

SIBS/ HRD

HR EmployeeRelations

Administration

QualityManagement

GM IT/t Branch Offices*

INTERNATIONAL FUNCTIONAL GROUP MATRIX SUPPORT


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Spectrum of Services:

1.Feasibility Studies and Master Planning

2.Detailed Engineering Design and Review

3.Architectechtural Planning and Design

4.Preparation of Bidding and Tender Documents

5.Environmental Social Assessment

6.Preparation of Detailed Project Report

7.Technical Examination / Independent Review

8.Construction Supervision

9.Quality Assurance and Control

10.Contract Management and Administration

11.Monitoring and Evaluation

12.Project Management

13.Institutional Development

14.Advisory Services, Training and Transfer of Technology


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Graphical Presentation of SMEC Spectrum of Services


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WHY SMEC

There are a number of important reasons why it is in your interest to consider

procuring the services of SMEC India to meet your consulting needs.

Power of combination of value & capacities:

Values provide the multiplier effect. With the highest level of ethical practices,

observance of good corporate governance, one can derive maximum benefit

from our inherent capacities and capabilities.

SMEC moving force:

Our reservoir of talent is full of people who have made a difference. As thinkers,

innovators, solution providers at SMEC India Team. We have highly

experienced, qualified personnel to conceive, plan and execute project / study.

Beyond soluation:

SMEC India is into building relationships which endure. Over the years our

biggest asset and earning is our clients trust. SMEC Foundation India is an

example of how we share our social responsibility as a corporate.

Local Presence:

Our services are co-ordinated from our corporate office in New Delhi. We can

discuss your needs face-to-face or on telecommunications or correspondence.

We can also offer project support services to ensure quality of service and

responsiveness to changing circumstances.

International support:

SMEC India can draw on, as required, the specialist expertise available from

other SMEC Group of Companies with offices in Australia and throughout the

Asia Pacific region. We can combine the best international expertise with local

knowledge to deliver the solution most appropriate to your needs. We are local

- and we are global ! You could pay us for all our services in Indian Rupees

only.


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Flexibility:

We can adapt our services to suit your needs. We can work closely with your

staff or leave you in peace until the task is completed - just as you wish. And

we can adjust the level of service to meet budgetary constraints.

Cultural Compatibility:

SMEC India is comprised exclusively Indian staff supplemented by expatriate

inputs as required. The company is driven by Indians, who understand how you

want projects to be designed and managed in a professional way under local

conditions, culture and ethos.


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KEY SECTOR

Highways & Transportation

Major service provided by the H & T group in India:

Design

Construction Supervision Assignments

Institutional Strengthening & Capacity Building

Pre-Bed Engineering

Value Engineering

Owners Engineer

Civil Infrastructure

Major services provided by the civil Infrastructure group in India:

Hydropower

Sam Design

Sam Safety

Pipelines

Tunnels

Geotechnical

Project Management

Buildings and Architecture

Major services provided by the /civil Infrastructure group in India:

Architecture

Urban Design & Master Planning

Interior Design Landscape Architecture

Structural Engineering

Quantity Surveying

Building Services Engineering Project Management

Project management


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Building Projects

Schools

Hospitals offices

Industrials buildings

Shopping canters

Hotels

Sporting and entertainment complexes

Bus and railway stations

Airports and hangars

Ports

Memorials

Water & Environment

Major services provided by the W & E group in India:

Water Resources Management

Clean development Mechanism

Water Supply and Sanitation

Environmental Impact Assessment

Environmental Management


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Social Development

Major services provided by SUI group in India:

Resettlement and Rehabilitations Rural Development

Health

Poverty and development

Participatory Research

Community

Development

Monitoring and Evaluations

Social Development

Emergencies and Disasters

Water Resources Management

Education and Awareness

Agriculture

Micro Enterprises and Micro Credit

Urban Development

Institutional Design and Change Management

Training and Capacity Building

Project Planning and Management

Urban Development

Major services provided by UD/LG group in India:

Development Plan/Master Plan

Housing and Land Development

Municipal Finance

Urban services for the poor

Local Economic Development

Urban Poverty

Hazard Risk Management

Cultural and Heritage Development and

Geographical Information System Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening


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Power & Energy

Major services provided by the power group in India:

Power Transmission Electricity Distribution

Institutional reforms [power]

Power system planning & management

Automation, Controls & Protection

Renewable Energy


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COMPELET PROJECTS

Highways & Transportation

Construction Supervision for Widening and Four-Laning a section of

NH-76 Rajasthan.

Implementation of Institutional Strengthening Strategy for Tamil

Nadu State Highways Department - Tamil Nadu.

Consultancy Services for collection of information for connectivity,

Road Condition, Land Use/ Environmental Screening data and

Prioritising the road -LS9-PRI - Andra Pradesh

Consultancy Services for collection of information for connectivity,

Road Condition, Land Use/ Environmental Screening data and

Prioritising the road -LS8-PRI - Andra Pradesh

Consultancy Services for conducting road condition survey with

chainages including CD works & Extraction of data for the Road LS-2

PRI - Andra Pradesh

Project Management and Quality Control Services for Sagar-Damoh-

Jabalpur & Guna-Sironj-Bina Roads Rehabilitation - Madhya Pradesh

Design and Project Management of Exploration Drilling Site and

Access Roads (Roads in Hilly Terrain) at Digboi

Assam

Andhra Pradesh Economic Restructuring Project (Roads Component)

- Andhra Pradesh

Access Road to Karlapat Bauxite Deposit Plateau at Karlapat &

Kalahandi Orissa.

Pre-tendering Traffic Studies and Value Engineering Services for

NH-7 (BOT package AP-7) under North-South corridor, Farukh Nagar

- Andhra Pradesh.


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Pre Bid activities including value engineering for NH-8 (Vadodara-

Baruch Section) Gujarat.

Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Independent Checking and

Technical Audit of up-gradation Works of Road Works in Mainpuriand Kannauj district - Uttar Pradesh

Alignment Options and finalising Road Design for 25 Kms. of Hill

Roads - Himachal Pradesh

Project Co-ordination Consultancy for Andhra Pradesh State

Highways Project - Andhra Pradesh

Technical Examination of Rural Roads under UPDAS Project - Uttar

Pradesh Assam Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services Project, Roads

Component - Assam

Technical Examination of Civil Works other than Rural Roads and

Haat Painths under UPDAS Project (Phase-II) - Uttar Pradesh

Technical Examination of Rural Road Works under Uttaranchal

Diversified Agricultural Support Project - Uttaranchal

Widening and Strengthening of NH-5 from Jagatpur to Chandikhol

Orissa.

Study of Alternative Options for Rural Roads in Waterlogged Area -

Uttar Pradesh


Haat Painths under UPDAS Project (Phase-I) - Uttar Pradesh

Four-Laning of NH-3 (Flexible Pavement) and Construction of Indore

Bypass (Rigid Pavement) - Madhya Pradesh NH-1 Karnal to Ambala section - Haryana

Institutional Development Strategy Study for Orissa State Roads

Project - Orissa

Project Co-ordination Consultancy for Orissa State Roads Project -

Orissa

Study on Institutional Strengthening of National Highways Authority

of India - New Delhi


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Project Preparation Coordination of sections of National Highways

under Phase-II Program of North-South & East-West Corridor Project

- Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan & Gujarat

Project Co-ordination Consultancy (Maintenance Component) forOrissa State Roads Project - Orissa.

Widening and Strengthening of NH-8 from Gurgaon to Kotputli

Haryana & Rajasthan.

Safety Audit: Four-Laning of National Highway No. 1 Haryana

Institutional Review of Andhra Pradesh State Highways Project -

Andhra Pradesh

Design review and Valve engineering for NH-3 & NH -11

Rajasthan Delhi-Yamuna Nagar Expressway Corridor Study

Supervision of construction of National Highway - 2 from

Haryana/Uttar Pradesh border, to Mathura in the state of Uttar

Pradesh.

Buildings

Technical Audit and Quality Assurance for State Buildings (Package-

I) under Gujarat Emergency Earthquake Reconstruction Program -

Gujarat

Orissa Health Systems Development Project (Package-7)

Orissa Technical Examination of Civil Works other than Rural Roads and

Haat Painths under UPDAS Project (Phase-II) - Uttar Pradesh

50 Bedded New Hospital at Badal - Punjab


Haat Painths under UPDAS Project (Phase-I) - Uttar Pradesh

Up-gradation of 13 Hospitals Punjab


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Hydro Electric Power

Preparation of Pre-feasibility report of 195 MW Rongini Hydroelectric

Project Sikkim

Preparation of Pre-feasibility report of 200 MW Panan Hydroelectric

Project Sikkim

Pre-tendering 330 MW Srinagar Hydro Electrical Project - Uttaranchal

Preparation of Project Report covering Dam and Intake Design for 480

MW Jhangi Thopan and 480 MW Thopan Powari Hydro Electric Power

Project - Himachal Pradesh

Consultancy service for project Evaluation for 200 MW Bajoli Holi Hydro

electric Project Himachal Pradesh

Preparation of due diligence report for 500 MW Teesta-6 Hydro Electric

Power Project Sikkim

Consultancy service for pre-tendering services and Detail Design for

2x30 MW Pallivasal Hydro Electric Power Project Kerala


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Social Unit INDIA

Institutional Strengthening Action Plan, Kerala State Transport Project,

Kerala PWD Roads Department, Kerala

Institutional Strengthening and Restructuring of Uttar Pradesh

Irrigation Department under Water Sector Restructuring Project, Uttar

Pradesh

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector: Coverage, Policy, Financial

Aspect and Medium Term Development Program, Swajal Project,

Government of Uttaranchal

Preparation of Detailed Project Report for abatement of pollution in

for River Development Projects, Madhya Pradesh

Study of Self Help Group/Farmers Interest Group and Farmers Field

School Project Coordination Unit under Diversified Agriculture Support

Project, Uttar Pradesh

Study of Agriculture Technology Management Agency and Project

Coordination Unit created under Diversified Agriculture Support

Project, Uttar Pradesh

Gujarat Emergency Earthquake Reconstruction Program Technical

Audit and Quality Assurance for State Building, Gujarat

Conservation Plan and Detailed Project Report for River Mahananda

and other major streams flowing through Siliguri Town, North Bengal

Orissa State Health System Development Project, Orissa

Social Impact Assessment Study and Construction Supervision of Four

laning and Strengthening of NH1.

Technical Assistance for Implementation of Institutional Strengthening

Strategy

Tamil Nadu State Road Sector Project, Tamil Nadu


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Independent Review of Environmental and Social Assessment for Kerala

State Transport Project, Kerala

Alternative Options study for Rural Roads in Waterlogged Area of Uttar

Pradesh Conservation Plan and Detailed Project Report for River Mahananda

and other major streams flowing through Siliguri Town, North Bengal

Orissa Institutional Development Strategic Study - Orissa State Road

Project;

Andhra Pradesh State Highways Project Coordinating Consultants

Services Phase I, Andhra Pradesh

Social Impact Assessment Study and Construction Supervision of Fourlaning and Strengthening of NH1


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Water & Environment

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation survey on Cost Effectiveness and

Cost Recovery (Swajal Project) Uttranchal.

Coverage, Policy, Financial Aspects and Medium Term Development

Program under Uttaranchal Rural Water Supply and Environmental

Sanitation Project Uttaranchal

Detailed Project Report for Mahananda River Conservation Plan (Phase-

I) - West Bengal

Environmental Management Framework Study for the India Rural

Electricity Access Project - Rajasthan & Uttar Pradesh

Engineering Study Report for Uttaranchal Rural Water Supply &

Sanitation Project - Uttaranchal

Study of Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA) and

Project Coordination Unit (PCU) created under DASP - Uttar Pradesh

Detailed Project Report for Abatement of Pollution in the River

Mandakini (Chitrakoot) - Madhya Pradesh.

Detailed Project Report for Abatement of Pollution in the River Parvati

(Sehore) - Madhya Pradesh.

Independent Review of Environmental and Social Assessment of Kerala

State Transport Project (Phase II) Kerala

Independent Review of Environmental and Social Assessment of Kerala

State Transport Project (Phase I) Kerala

Damodar River Pollution Abatement Schemes for Ramgarh, Sudamdih

and Bokaro (Kargali Towns) - Bihar.

Regional Rural Water Supply Scheme for 11 villages in Chimur Taluka,

Chandrapur District - Maharashtra.

Regional Rural Water Supply Scheme for 10 villages in Rajura Taluka,

Chandrapur District Maharashtra.


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Ongoing Projects

Highways & Transportation:

Detailed Project Report for Uttarakhand State Roads Investment

Programme (USRIP), Phase II, Package III Jan. 2008 -Ongoing

Consultancy Services for Construction Supervision of

Improvement/Up gradation of Roads in Garhwal Zone, Phase I,

Package-I under Uttarakhand State Road Improvement Program

(USRIP) - ADB Loan 2308 IND - Dec. 2007 - ongoing

Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Development of 4/6 lanes

divided carriageway from Mulbagal Hoskote K R Puram section

of NH-4 (km237.700 to Km318) in the state of Karnataka on BOT

basis, Aug 2007 - Ongoing

Detailed Project Report for Uttarakhand State Roads Investment

Programme (USRIP), Phase II, Package II, July 2007 - Ongoing

TA No. 4814 TA Cluster for Project Process and Capacity

Development Design and Project Management Support for the

proposed North Eastern State Road Investment Program, June 2007

- ongoing

Andhra Pradesh Road Sector Project - Preparatory Services for Long

Term Performance Based Maintenance Contract System, May 2007 -

ongoing


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Buildings:

Design & Planning for Civil, Electrical, Sanitary, Plumbing & Site

Development Works in respect of Up gradation, Extension, new

Construction & Renovation of Secondary Level Hospitals in

Rajasthan (Package 4) under Rajasthan Health Systems

Development Project Rajasthan.

Design & Planning for Civil, Electrical, Sanitary, Plumbing & Site

Development Works in respect of Up gradation, Extension, new

Construction & Renovation of Secondary Level Hospitals in

Rajasthan (Package 3) under Rajasthan Health Systems

Development Project Rajasthan.

Secondary Health Care Facilities Karnataka II under Karnataka

Health System Development Project - Karnataka

Supervision and Monitoring of Retrofitting/ Reconstruction Works for

Earthquake affected health care buildings in various districts of

Gujarat state Gujarat.


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Hydro Electric Power:

Consultancy service for preparation of Detailed Project Report

including Site investigations for 210 MW Sirkari Bhyol Rupsiyabagar

Hydro Electric Power Project Uttranchal


including Site investigations for 280 MW Tamak Lata Hydro Electric

Power Project Uttranchal


including site investigation for 90 MW Ting Ting Hydro Electric

Project - Sikkim

Consultancy service for preparation of Detailed Project Report and

EPC tender documents for 96 MW Rongnichu Hydro Electric Power

Project Sikkim


including site investigation for 280 MW Urthing Sobla Hydro Electric

Power Project - Uttranchal

Consultancy service for preparation of Tender documents, Detailed

Engineering, Site Supervision and Hydraulic Model studies for 480MW Palatiloth Hydro Electric Power Project - Uttranchal


including supervision of site investigations and preparation of EPC

tender document for 280 MW Panan Hydro Electric Power Project

Sikkim

Consultancy service for Detailed Design & Engineering and Site

Engineering coordination for 600 MW Kameng Hydro Electric PowerProject - Arunachal Pradesh

Consultancy service for preparation of Detailed Project Report,

tender documents and Detail Design for 4.5 MW Awa Hydro Electric

Power Project - Himachal Pradesh.

Consultancy service for preparation of Detailed Project Report,

tender documents and Detail Design for 70 MW Budhil Hydro Electric

Power Project - Himachal Pradesh.


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Local Government & Urban Development:

Master Plan for New township for Bodoland

Managing the Cities in Asia

Power:

Program Implementation Support (Component-2), Assam Power

Sector Development Project Assam

Project-Program Implementation Support (Component-I) for Assam

Power Sector Development, Guwahati Assam.

Enercon Wind Farms - Rajasthan

Assam Power Sector Development Project-Program Implementation

Support, Guwahati Assam.

Social Unit INDIA:

ASEB Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and Carrying out

the Monitoring and Evaluation of the implementation of RAP for

Augmentation of substations, construction of new substations, and

transmission line for 440 Kms across the state of Assam. GTRIP Road Safety (Public Education) project covering the Chennai to

Kolkata section of Golden Quadrilateral, West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra

Pradesh and Tamil Nadu

Monitoring and Evaluation and Establishment of the MIS Cell for the

North Eastern Council Secretariat covering the States of Assam,

Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim


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Awareness, Attitudes and Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among the students

and faculty of the Lucknow University, its departments and its affiliated

colleges, Lucknow University.

Awareness, Attitudes and Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among the studentsand faculty of the Lucknow University, its departments and its affiliated

colleges, Gauhati University.

Design and Construction Supervision for Rehabilitation of Phase-II roads

Package B under Chhattisgarh State Roads Sector Development

Project (400 kms)

Construction of Himalayan Highways in Uttaranchal Survey,

Investigation and Preparation of DPR for Construction of Mussoorie

Dhanaulti New Tehri Melatha Motor Road from Single lane to 2 lane

including 2 lane Bridges under CRF (185 kms)

Preparation of Feasibility Study and Detailed Project Report for

Construction of seven (07) By-Passes and ROBs in the state of Orissa

Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Rehabilitation and

Upgradation of Selected State Highways of the State of M.P, Package 1

Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation, Madhya

Pradesh

Technical Examination and Quality Assurance of PMGSY roads Social

and Environmental Codes of Practice (ensuring the implementation of

the codes of practice as per the SP 20 IRC) covering 32 districts in

Uttar Pradesh

Technical Examination and Quality Assurance of PMGSY roads Social

and Environmental Codes of Practice (ensuring the implementation of

the codes of practice as per the SP 20 IRC) Himachal Pradesh.

Project Preparation of New Road from Munshiyari to Mapang in

Uttaranchal


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Water & Environment:

Planning and Designing of Rural Water Supply Schemes for Batch -

1 Swajal Panch Pariyojna

Strengthening of Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Service

Delivery in Urban Local Bodies - Karnataka

Rishi Ganga Clean Development Mechanism Project - Uttaranchal

SSJV - Sorang Clean Development Mechanism Project Himachal

Pradesh

DANS - Jorethang Clean Development Mechanism Project - Sikkim

Lanco - Budhil Clean Development Mechanism Project Himachal

Pradesh

Technical Examination of Rehabilitation & Modernisation work of

Irrigation, Drainage, Water Conservation Structures - Uttar Pradesh.

Parvatiya - Loharkhet Clean Development Mechanism Project -

Uttaranchal

Supra Birahi Ganga Clean Development Mechanism Project

Uttranchal.

Development of Decision Support Systems for Ghaghra - Gomti

Basin Plans under Uttar Pradesh Water Sector Restructuring Project

- Uttar Pradesh.

Institutional Strengthening and Restructuring of Uttar Pradesh

Irrigation Department under Uttar Pradesh Water Sector

Restructuring Project - Uttar Pradesh

Detailed Project Report for Mahananda River Conservation Plan

(Phase-II) - West Bengal

Andhra Pradesh Canal Automation - Andhra Pradesh


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Methodology

Research methodology is a way to systematically do the job. It may be

understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. The

most desirable approach with regards to the selection of the research

methodology depends on the nature of particular work, time and resources

available along with the desire level of accuracy.

The study was descriptive kind of research. The data collection was from

primary sources.

Primary data sources

NonDisguised structured questionnaire.

Target population

Sample element: Villagers of Rampur a backward area of the Ghazipur

District situated in Uttar Pradesh.

Region : Village-Chilar, Ghazipur

Sample size : 60 respondents

Sampling procedure

Probability approach

Simple random sampling


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Limitations

The sample chosen is too small and localized. The time period to carry out the research study was too short.

Many respondents are not willing to share freely due to personal

reasons.


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SURVEY

I have planned to do the research by personally to visiting the villagers. These

villagers have been picked from the prime location of village Rampur situated

in Ghazipur district. Survey was being done through, Interview method and the

research instrument used was Questionnaire. The Questionnaire was

structured non disguised and there were closed ended questions. The

surveyed population included all people irrespective of which connection they

owned.

I have used sample based survey as the pool of respondent was very vast. Butthe sample was abstracted with utmost care. This was done because of lack of

time and resources.

The prime focus was to plan the research in such a way that the sample size

presents the true story and depicts the actual pictures.

RESEARCH TOOLS

1 Pie charts

2 Percentages

3 Bar graphs


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Graphical presentation of findings

Major problems in development of rural area

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

BadConnectivity Health Services

Poverty

Low LevelEducationFacilities

52%

18% 21%

19%


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Do you know about PMGSY

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Yes

No

45%

55%


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Source of knowledge about PMGSY

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Gram PanchayatGovt. Agency

Media

64%

19%

17%


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Effect on transportation service

Series1

0%

5%

10%15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Increase privatetransportaion More Conveniance

increase no ofvehicles

43% 46%

11%


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Impact on Health Services

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Improvement in accessto the health facilities

Increase in frequency ofvisits by health workers.

60%

40%


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Impact on agriculture

58%17%

12%

4%9%

Marketing during all seasion

Increase motorizedequipment

Eaiser to transportpesticides,seeds etc.

Change in croping pattern

Change in croping intensity


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Impact on education

Series1

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Improvement in theaccessibility of

education facilitiesIncrease the no of

school goingstudents

Improvement inhigher education

49%

27%

24%


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Impact on employment generation

0%

20%

40%

60%

It increase oddjobs Increase self

employment Provide non-farm opportunity Expasion on

local industries

13%

56%

20%

11%


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Impact on social aspects

20%

24%46%

18%

Increase in frequency of visitsby Govt. Officials

Increase in visits of grass rootlevel functionaries

Improvemeit in accessibility tothe Bank,Post,Telegraph andpolice service

Increase in the mobility ofwomen


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Help in poverty reduction

Yes

No

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%58%

42%


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Its helped in Urbanization

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Yes

No

62%

38%


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All parameter followed by contractor

0%

10%20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Yes

No

19%

81%


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FINDINGS

After compilation of study and interpretation of information which are provided

by the common rural residents we find many results these are as follows:

PMGSY play a key role for development of rural areas because it provide

connectivity for common villagers with rest off village or Urban areas. It provide

platform for development of basic services which are necessary for increase life

standard and as well as development of country.

In analysis of questioner we find many surprise aspects from our

respondent:

According to 26 out of 60 respondent bad connectivity is major hurdle in the

development of rural area.

PMGSY plays a vital role in the development but only 45% respondent knows

about PMGSY.

Health services more effected by the better connectivity because 60 % our

respondents agree with this statement that it increase in improvement in the

access to the health facilities and 40% agree with that it increase in frequency

of visits by health workers

Road connectivity increases private transportation service according to 46%

respondents while only 11% respondent say that connectivity increase in thepersonal vehicles like bicycle and two wheelers etc.

According to this study agriculture sector is more effected by better connectivity

because farmer can access the market in all season,34 respondents are agree

with this statement.

With the construction of PMGSY roads, there has been an improvement in the

accessibility to education facilities,49% respondent say that it. Anothernoteworthy impact has been in terms ofregular attendance of the teachers


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throughout the year and greater inclination of parents to send boys and girls for

higher studies and college education.

After the construction of PMGSY roads, an improvement in the employment

situation in terms ofmore job opportunities, more avenues for self-employment

according to 67% respondent it increase in self employments. Non-farm

opportunities like opening of shops, small business, cottage industries has

increased.

When we ask them regarding its impact on the mobility of women it was

unexpected answer from them only 18% in behalf while 46% called

improvement in accessibility to the banks services, Post office, telegraph

facilities and Police services and 24% says it increase in the visits of grass root

level functionaries while according to 20% respondents it increase in frequency

visits by Government officials.

58% respondents said that it is helpful in the reduction of poverty. The roads,

directly or indirectly have provided opportunities for on-farm and off -farm

employments as well as self-employment.

Trend towards urbanization of an area as an immediate and direct impact of

providing rural road connectivity was observed in course of the study.

According to 62% respondent it helped in urbanization and 38% are against.

At last response provide by the respondents it was more shocking, only 19%

respondents said that all parameter of road construction is followed by the

contractors and rest of them 81% respondent are not satisfied with this.


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Recommendations & Suggestions

Rural Roads and Socio-economic Development

Rural roads have been proved to be catalytic for economic development

and poverty alleviation in rural areas; this objective should be pursued

further with more vigor.

In future, the target should be to connect all habitations with all-weather

rural roads instead of fair weather roads which was done earlier.

Physical Targets

11th Five Year Plan should continue to support the rural connectivity and

upgradation targets as a major policy in view of huge untapped potential

in rural India. Special provisions for funding through budgetary and other sources shall

be required to continue with the objective of road connectivity for

habitations.

Maintenance may be taken to the top of the priority list to sustain the

assets created and to reap the benefits perennially.


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Planning and Design

The DRRP and Core Network preparation in a master plan framework to

be continued in the 11th Plan and

The network planning may be revisited and optimal network may be

attempted in 11th Plan, including multiple connectivity, to avail circuitry of

the network and integrated development objectives.

Intra-village/habitation roads also should be considered with higher

priority in 11th Five Year Plan, starting with villages having more than

1000 population.

GIS based database management should be created for all the States in

a phased manner based on the feedback from the Pilot Project in

Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh.

The planning data at the block/district level should be updated every 3-5

years and maintained as geo-referenced data.

Engineering design and Detailed Project Report (DPR) must be the

basis for implementation of rural roads in 11th Plan.

Economy in design and specification to be pursued through performance

based designs and use of locally available and marginal materials.


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Material and construction

Low cost marginal and industrial waste materials may be promoted for

rural road construction; necessary design and specifications be

developed.

The standard construction technology should be used for ensuring

quality of construction; however, wherever possible labour based

construction methods also may be adopted to create employment to the

local people. But, it must be emphasized that employment generation is

not the focus of rural road programmes.

Many lower cost technologies like soil stabilization is not used often due

to lack of appropriate mechanical devices; such shortcomings must be

removed by appropriate developments for machineries.

Maintenance Management

No asset lasts long without due maintenance and rural roads are no

exemption. Routine and periodic maintenance should be planned and

executed with due budgeting for the funds during 11th Plan.

Projectisation of maintenance option can be examined with appropriate

cost sharing basis by the State and Central Governments for

PMGSY/Bharat Nirman roads.

Uniform level of service criteria for maintenance of rural roads be

developed and adopted across the country (in all States). Suitablecomputerized maintenance management system (MMS) utilizing simple

measurements (inventory and PCI data) be developed and adopted for

rural roads based on the principles of asset management.

Since the roads are to be owned by the Panchayat Raj Institutions

(PRIs), a community based maintenance programme may be adopted

with hierarchical arrangement with District Programme Implementation

Units (PIUs) for higher level maintenance while routine maintenancebeing the responsibility of PRIs.


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Looking Beyond PMGSY

All programmes supporting construction of rural roads for all-weather

connectivity must fall under one umbrella organization like State Rural

Road Development Agency (SRRDA) in the State, irrespective of

funding source including the external source or borrowing or even Public

Private Partnership. This will ensure uniform standard and quality.

The existing cluster approach, should be reviewed on the basis of

ground level survey of the settlement patterns in States like Arunachal

Pradesh and consequential amendments should be made in the

programme guidelines, so that larger number of habitations become

eligible for coverage in hill States.

The States may use the resources from Wage Employment Programme

and other available sources from the State for providing connectivity to

the lower order settlements.

The planning and design standards shall remain uniform across the

board (in all States) with an overriding objective of developing only

sustainable assets subject to variations in terrain, soil, traffic and

environmental conditions.

While PMGSY contemplates connectivity to habitations with 500 and

above normally and 250 and above in special areas, in future (11 th Five

Year Plan and beyond), connectivity should be aimed at all habitations

irrespective of population sizes (including lower order settlements).

PMGSY has been able to change the scenario of the country in terms of

capacity of the contracting industry, trained manpower and also the

availability of modern equipments. The 11th Plan must utilize this

capacity and enhance it for fulfilling the higher targets set for the 11 th and

subsequent Plans.


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Quality Assurance

Durable assets can be created by ensuring the quality; this has been the

prime objective of PMGSY. Very high standard of quality has been set

up for rural roads by this programme, which must be maintained.

The three-tier quality control system adopted by PMGSY needs further

strengthening for enhancing the capacity to meet the higher targets in

the 11th Plan.

Both in construction and quality control, modern technology should be

introduced for better results.

Environmental and Social Issues

In all developments of rural roads the environmental issues must be

safeguarded. Further, speedy construction to be ensured by direct

participation of authority responsible for environmental clearances.

Afforestation along the rural roads by plantations of fruit trees etc be

systematically adopted as part of the design (i.e. DPR) itself.

Impact of land acquisition, especially for the marginal farmers of specific

states, be duly considered at the time of project development. The State

Government may be required to compensate the affected person/family

for the same in lieu of community objectives of the road.

Social impacts both positive and negative be duly accounted in project

preparation. Thus, like EMP, a SMP also be prepared with due

compensation.


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Institutional Development and Capacity Building

PMGSY has achieved a laudable level of institutional developments

during the last six years. State and district level institutions developed

are to be made more professional by way of qualified manpower and

training. This is a primary requirement for higher targets in 11th Plan.

The ownership of the rural roads will rest with the PRIs eventually, and

therefore, capacity is to be built at the grass root level by qualified

manpower and appropriate training.

Construction industry is still having only a limited capacity at this time,

and the PMGSY targets are finding difficult to be achieved. The 11th Plan

targets will require a significant boost to the capacity of road construction

industry.

The duly exemptions on the purchase of machinery that is now available

for the projects funded by World Bank and ADB may be extended

across the board for PMGSY Projects in all States, in order to facilitate

capacity building of contractors.

The sustainability of the huge asset being built under rural connectivity

programmes will be dependent on the capacity of the PRIs to look after

these assets which they will own. With ownership, the responsibility of

their maintenance also can be given to PRI. For this, of course, a

systematic training will have to be organized for the teams to be

entrusted with this responsibility.


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Road Safety Issues

All safety engineering measures be built into the design (i.e. DPR) of the

project roads. All designs must be safety audited.

A PRI level Safety Committee/Council be established for collecting the

accident data in a standard format and reporting to the District Police.

The District level committee will have input from all such PRI

committees.

A team of Road Safety Awareness Raisers (RSAR), constituted by

members of village only, should be created by training so as to change

the present situation to a culture of safe use of the roads in rural areas.

Research and Development

R&D is an integral part of any development. Although rural roads were

built for last 70-80 years in this country, its construction as engineering

structure has just began. Therefore, huge amount of research is required

for these low volume roads, which must attempt for low cost constructionwhile ensuring quality.

Generally R&D is starved of funds in most cases; and it will be

disastrous if R&D is not given prominence in the context of rural roads,

as we have just began to accept rural roads construction as a scientific

work.

Most significant areas to be researched are the means of cost cutting by

choice of materials and design, and also evolving the innovative

financing mechanisms for such roads.

It is proposed that the State Executing Agencies of rural roads shall

make it possible to take atleast 5% of the road works under R&D using

cost-effective new materials, adoption of new technology and/ or new

process which