a population profile of the city of cape town - compiled by strategic information, cct, from...

A Population Profile of the City of Cape Town - Compiled by Strategic Information, CCT, from Statistics SA Census data 1

Compiled by

Directorate of Strategic Information

August 2003

CONTENTSGLOSSARY 2

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES 3-4

TECHNICAL NOTES 4

INTRODUCTION 5

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 6Population Size 72001 Census vs. Projected Population size 8Population Distribution by population group 9Sex Distribution 10Age Distribution 11Population Pyramid 12Index of Aging 13Incidence of Disability 14Religious Affiliation 15Home Language 16Citizenship/Country of Birth 17

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS 18Educational Levels of Adults (Aged 20 +) 19% Adults with Less than Matric by population group and Gender 20% Adults with Less than Matric: 1996 vs.2001 21% Adults with Post-matric qualification: 1996 vs. 2001 22

EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS 23Employment by Economic Sector 24Employment by Occupational Sector 25% Elementary Occupations by population group and Gender 26% Elementary Occupations: 1996 vs. 2001 27

EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS (cont.)% Managerial/Professional/Technical Occupations by population group and Gender 28% Managerial/Professional/Technical 1996 vs.2001 29Unemployment Rate 30Unemployment by population group and Gender 31Unemployment Rate: 1996 vs. 2001 32

HOUSING AND HOUSEHOLD PATTERNS 33Housing Type 34% Informal Dwelling 1996 vs. 2001 35Household Size 36

ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES 37Access to Water 38% access to Piped Water: 1996 vs. 2001 39Sanitation 40% Flush or Chemical Toilets: 1996 vs. 2001 41Energy/Fuel used for Lighting and Cooking 42% access to Electricity for Lighting: 1996 vs. 2001 43Refuse Removal 44% Refuse Removal by Local Authority: 1996 vs. 2001 45Access to Telephone 46% access to Telephone by population group 47Access to Household Goods 48

TRANSPORT 49Mode of Transport to School and Work 50% Using Public Transport to School and Work 51

REFERENCES 52

Definitions used by Statistics SA (2003:vii)):

Disability

A physical or mental handicap which has lasted for 6 months or more, or is expected to last at least 6 months, which prevents the person from carrying out daily activities independently or from participating fully in educational, economic or social activities.

Economically Active person

A person aged 15 years or more who is either employed or unemployed but who is looking for work. In other words someone who is working or who wants to work and is seeking work is defined as economically active.

Household

A household is a group of persons who live together, and provide themselves jointly with food and/or other essential for living, or a single person who lives alone.

Population Group

Statistics SA continues to classify people by population grouip in order to monitor progress in moving away from the apartheid-based discrimination of the past. However membership of a population group is now based on self-perception and self-classification, not on a legal definition. Five options were provided on the questionnaire, Black African, Coloured, Indians or Asian, White and Other. Responses in the categor “other” were very few and were therefore imputed to one of the other categories.

Unemployed Person

An unemployed person is defined as an economically active person who

-did not work during the seven days prior to census night

-wanted to work and was available to start work within a week of census night, and- had taken active steps to look for work or to start some form of self-employment in the four weeks prior to census night.

Unemployment Rate

The number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the economically active.

GLOSSARY

List of Tables and Figures

Table 1: Comparison of 1996 and 2001 Census Figures 7

Table 2: Comparison of 2001 Census Figure and 2001 Projection 8

Figure 1: Distribution of population by population group 9

Figure 2: Sex distribution of population 10

Figure 3: Age Distribution of population11

Figure 4: Population Pyramid 12

Figure 5: Index of aging 13

Figure 6: Incidence of disability by type of disability 14

Figure 7: Religious affiliation 15

Figure 8: Home language of population 16

Figure 9: Citizenship Status and Country of Birth of population 17

Figure 10: Highest Educational Level of Adults (aged 20+) 19

Figure 11: % of adults with highest qualification less than matric by population group and gender 20

Figure 12: % adults with highest qualification less than matric - 1996 vs 2001 census by population group 21

Figure 13: % of adults with Post Matric by population group 22

Figure 14: Distribution of workers by economic sector 24

Figure 15: Distribution of workforce by occupational sector 25

Figure 16: % elementary occupations by population group and gender 26

Figure 17: % elementary occupations – 1996 vs 2001 census by population group 27

Figure 18: % managerial/professional/technical by population group and gender 28

Figure 19: % managerial/professional/technical – 1996 vs 2001 census by population group 29

Figure 20: Distribution of employment/unemployment of the economically active population 30

Figure 21: Unemployment rate by population group and gender 31

Figure 22: Unemployment rate by population group:1996 vs. 2001 32

Figure 23: Distribution of households by dwelling type 34

List of Tables and Figures (continued)

Figure 24: Distribution of informal dwellings by population group 1996 vs. 2001 35

Figure 25: Distribution of household size 36

Figure 26: Distribution of households by type of access to water 38

Figure 27: % households with access to piped water in dwelling or on-site – 1996 vs. 2001 census 39

Figure 28: Distribution of households by type of sanitation 40

Figure 29: % households with flush or chemical toilets - 1996 vs 2001 Census by population group 41

Figure 30: Energy/Fuel used by households for lighting 42

Figure 31: Energy/Fuel used by households for cooking 42

Figure 32: % households with access to electricity for lighting - 1996 vs 2001 Census by population group 43

Figure 33: Distribution of households by type of refuse disposal 44

Figure 34: % households with refuse removal by local authority - 1996 vs 2001 Census by population group 45

Figure 35: Distribution of households by access to telephone 46

Figure 36: % households with access to telephone in dwelling by population group 47Figure 37: % households having access to refrigerator, radio, television and computer by population group 48

Figure 38: Mode of Transport to School and Work 50

Figure 39: % using public transport to school and work 51

TECHNICAL NOTES : All percentages are shown to one decimal place in the graphs and tables, but are reported as whole numbers

in the text, for ease of reading.

Totals in some figures vary between 99 and 101 due to rounding off

The ‘unspecified’ category was excluded in the calculation of indicators.


INTRODUCTION

This report describes the main demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the people living in the City of Cape Town metropolitan area.

The 2001 Census data, which was released by Statistics South Africa (Statistics SA) in July 2003, is used as the key data source. The census data is the outcome of the national census conducted in October 2001 as well as a post-enumeration survey conducted in November 2001 to estimate the number of persons who were missed in the census. The census undercount was found to have been 17%. Statistics SA adjusted the enumerated census data to compensate for the undercount.

The census information is also presented by gender and population group (Black African, Coloured, Indian and White) in order to measure inequalities between social groups. The population categories and terms used follow those used by Statistics SA.

Population size 2001 Census vs Projected population size Population distribution by population group Sex Distribution Age distribution Population pyramid Index of aging Incidence of Disability Religious Affiliation Language Citizenship/Country of Birth

DEMOGRAPHICCHARACTERISTICS


Population Size

The 2001 Census recorded the size of the metropolitan population at2 893 251 people living in 759 765 households. This compares to the 1996 figure of 2 563 095 implying a growth rate of 2,6% per annum between 1996 and 2001.

Table 1: Comparison of 1996 and 2001 Census Figures

1996 CENSUS 2001 CENSUS Average growth

No. of People 2563095 2893251 2,6% per annum

According to the Statistics Council Census sub-committee, preliminary independent demographic analyses of the census results suggest that the final census figures probably reflect:

•an underestimate of children under the age of five •an overestimate of children aged between 10 and 19 •an underestimate of men relative to women •an underestimate of the white population(Statistics SA, 2003)


2001 Census Vs Projected Population Size

The population that had been projected for the Cape Metropolitan Area for 2001 was 3 154 238 (Dorrington, 1999) . The actual census figure is therefore 9.02% lower than the projected population.

The difference in figures could be due to:- the census figure being too low, i.e.undercounting the actual population,

and/or - the projection being too high i.e. assumptions about population growth

and/or migration rates used in the projection are higher than the actual rates

Further analysis is needed to reconcile the actual census figure with the projected figure.

Table 2: Comparison of 2001 Census Figure and 2001 projection

2001 CENSUS

(Statistics SA, 2003)

2001 PROJECTION

(Dorrington, 1999)

No. of People 2 893 251 3 154 238


Distribution by Population Group

White 18.8%

Indian1.4%

Coloured48.1%

Black African31.7%

Just under half (48%) of the population indicated their population group as coloured. The next largest grouping was African/black (32%). A further 19% indicated their population group as white and 1% as Indian.

Figure 1: Distribution of population by population group


Figure 2 :Sex distribution of population

Sex Distribution

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

%

% of population 48.0 52.0

Male Female

The 2001 Census showed a higher percentage of females (52%) relative to males (48%).


Figure 3: Age distribution of population

Age Distribution

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

% of population 26.6 38.3 24.4 5.6 4.9

0-14 15-34 35-54 55-64 65 +

The age distribution reflects a young population with 27% of people aged 14 years or younger. 65% of the population was younger than 35.


Population PyramidAge-sex Distribution Of Population

The population pyramid reflects the characteristics of a developing population with the distribution skewed towards the younger age groups.

Figure 4:

Age – Sex Distribution of Population


Figure 5 : Index of aging

Index Of Aging

19

6

1418

73

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Total Black African Coloured Asian White

The index of ageing expresses the relationship of the young to the old in a given population. The index shows that overall for every 100 people aged 14 and below there are 19 people aged 65+. Among the white population for every 100 young (0-14) people there are 73 aged (65+) people. For Black Africans there are only 18 aged people for every 100 young people.The white population is therefore an aging population resembling that of developed regions while the other groups are younger, reflective of developing regions.


Incidence Of Disability

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

% Disabled 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.1

Visual Disability

Hearing Disability

Physical Disability

Mental Disability

Multiple Disabilities

EmotionalSpeech

Impairment

Approximately 1 in 25 people (3.8%) were reported to have a serious disability. The most common form of disability was physical disability, affecting 1,1% of the total population.

Figure 6: Incidence of disability by type of disability


Religious Affiliation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

% population 76.6 9.7 0.5 0.2 10.7 2.3

Christian Islam Judaism Hinduism No ReligionOther/not

stated

77% of the population indicated a Christian denomination as their religious affiliation. The next most common religious affiliation was Islam (10%).

Figure 7: Religious affiliation


Home Language

Afrikaans was the most common home language (41% of households) followed by isiXhosa (29%) and English (28%)

Figure 8 : Home language of population

Other2.0%

isiXhosa28.7%

English27.9%

Afrikaans41.4%


Figure 9: Citizenship Status and Country of Birth of population

Citizenship/Country Of Birth

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Citizenship 98.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

Country of Birth 97 1.4 1.2 0.4

South Africa Europe Rest of Africa Other

A very small % of the population of the City of Cape Town were either not born in South Africa or did not have South African citizenship

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS

Educational levels of adults (aged 20+)

% adults (aged 20+) with less than matric by population group and gender

% adults with less than matric: 1996 vs 2001


Figure 10: Highest educational level of adults (aged 20+).

Educational Levels Of Adults (Aged 20+)

The highest educational qualification of adults was relatively low. For as much as 62% of adults (aged 20+), the highest educational level was below matric. Only 13% of adults (aged 20+) had a postmatric diploma or degree.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

% of adults aged 20+ 62 25.4 12.6

Below Matric MatricPost-Matric Qualification

No. of Adults aged 20+ = 1834872


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

MALE 61.7 76.2 72 39.3 21.4

FEMALE 62.2 71.7 74.5 47.2 25.3

Total Black African Coloured Indian White

Figure 11: % of adults with highest qualification less than matric by population group and gender

% Adults (aged 20+) With Less Than Matric By Population Group And Gender

A high proportion of Black African and Coloured adults have a highest education level less than matric. Overall, there is little difference along gender with the percentage adults with an educational level below matric being the same (62%) for men and women.


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1996 Census 67.1 82.2 79.8 53.1 28.7

2001 Census 62 73.9 73.2 43.4 23.5


Figure 12: % adults with highest qualification less than matric - 1996 vs 2001 census by population group

% Adults (aged 20+) With Less Than Matric 1996 Vs 2001 Census

The % adults (aged 20+) with a highest educational qualification less than matric dropped from 67% in 1996 to 62% in 2001. The trends suggest rising education levels throughout the population of the City of Cape Town.


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1996 Census 11.4 3.6 5.4 17 30

2001 Census 12.6 5.9 5.6 22.3 35.5


Figure 13: % adults with Post Matric by population group

% Adults (aged 20+) With Post Matric1996 Vs 2001 Census

There was a slight increase in the % of adults (20+) with a postmatric qualification, from 11% (1996 Census) to 13% (2001 Census).

EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS

Unemployment rate

Unemployment by population group and gender

Employment by economic sector

Employment by occupational sector

% elementary occupations by population group and gender

% managerial, professional and technical by population group and gender

% elementary occupations: 1996 vs 2001

% managerial, professional and technical: 1996 vs 2001


Employment By Economic Sector

The census recorded 939 444 workers in the municipal area, employed in a wide range of economic sectors.

Key sectors of employment are community, social and personal services (21%), wholesale and retail trade (20%) and manufacturing (19%).

The financial and business services sector (15%), construction (8%) and private households (7%) are also significant sectors of employment

Other3.6%

Manufacturing18.5%

Private Households

7.0%

Community Social and Personal21.6%

Financial and Business

15.1%

Transport/Communication

6%Construction

8.1%

Trade20.2%

Figure 14: Distribution of workers by economic sector * excluding those who did not indicate their sector of employment

No. of Workers =

843 304 *


Figure 15: Distribution of workforce by occupational sector * Excludes occupation unspecified.

Employment By Occupational Sector

Strong service sector reflected in high proportion (27%) employed in sales, service and clerical posts.

A relatively high % of the workforce (22%) is in elementary (relatively

unskilled) occupations.

Elementary21.7%

Skilled blue collar-

Craft/trade workers13.6%

Sales, service & clerical27.3%

Professional & Technical

21.4%

Managerial7.5%

Semi-skilled operators and assemblers

8.6%

No. of Workers = 872 418 *


% Elementary Occupations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

MALE 18.6 33.5 19.6 6.5 3

FEMALE 25.4 55.8 24.5 6.5 2.4


Figure 16: % elementary occupations by population group and gender

There are significant differences by population group and gender in the distribution of occupational status. As much as 56% of Black African females are employed in elementary occupations compared to 3% of White males.


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1996 Census 23.1 48 24.6 8.1 2.5

2001 Census 21.7 42.9 21.9 6.5 2.7


Figure 17: % elementary occupations – 1996 vs 2001 census by population group

Overall the % of the workforce employed in elementary occupations declined slightly from 23% in 1996 to 22% in 2001.

% Elementary Occupations1996 Vs 2001 Census


% Managerial/professional/technical

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

MALE 28.8 9.8 19.8 51.8 62.3

FEMALE 28.9 13.9 22.3 45.4 53.2


Figure 18: % managerial/professional/technical by population group and gender

62% of White males are employed in managerial, professional or technical positions, compared to 10% of Black African males.


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1996 Census 28.7 10.6 19.7 45.5 57.1

2001 Census 28.9 11.5 21 49.3 58.1


There was no significant increase in the number of the workers employed in managerial, professional and technical posts, as a % of the total workforce.

Figure 19: % managerial/professional/technical – 1996 vs 2001 census by population group

% Managerial/ Professional/ Technical1996 Vs 2001 Census


Unemployment Rate

In terms of the expanded definition of unemployment, 29% of the metropolitan population was unemployed at the time of the census.

This is higher than the 23% unemployment rate measured by the Labour Force Survey (LSF) which is the official source of labour market statistics.

The higher rate reflected in the Census is probably due to those who are employed in the informal sector being more likely to classify themselves as unemployed during census enumeration whereas the labour force survey questionnaire includes more prompts to identify such workers. (Statistics SA, 2003)

Employed71%

Unemployed29%

Figure 20: Distribution of employment/unemployment of the economically active population

No. of Economically Active = 1326221


Unemployment By Population Group And Gender

Figure 21: Unemployment rate by population group and gender

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

MALE 27.2 44.2 24.6 11 5.2

FEMALE 31.4 55.8 24.4 13.5 4.1


Overall, the unemployment rate, as reflected in the Census, was higher for females (31%) than for males (27%). However, the difference in unemployment rates for male and female was mainly evident among Black Africans. Among whites, the unemployment rate was slightly higher for males (5%) than for females (4%).


Unemployment By Population Group 1996 Vs 2001 Census

Figure 22: Unemployment rate by population group:1996 vs. 2001

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1996 Census 19.5 37.7 17.6 10.6 4.1

2001 Census 29.2 49.8 24.5 12 4.7


The unemployment rate as measured in the census increased significantly from 1996 (20%) to 2001 (29%). For Black Africans half of the economically active population were classified as unemployed.

HOUSING AND HOUSEHOLD

PATTERNS Housing Type

% Informal Dwellings: 1996 vs 2001

Household Size


Figure 23: Distribution of households by dwelling type

Housing Type

The majority of households (59%) lived in freestanding houses on separate stands

A further 17% lived in flats or townhouses.

19% of households lived in informal housing - backyard shacks or shacks in informal settlements.

Room/Flat on shared

property/backyard

3.3%

Tow n/cluster housing

7.0%

Flat9.9%

Backyard Shack4.3%

Shack in informal

settlement14.5%

House on separate stand

58.7%

Other2.2%


Figure 24: Distribution of informal dwellings by population group 1996 vs. 2001

% Informal Dwellings 1996 Vs 2001 Census

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1996 Census 19.9 66 5.9 1.1 0.1

2001 Census 18.8 51.6 5.6 1 0.5


Although the % of Black African households living in informal dwellings declined from 66% in the 1996 census to 52% in the 2001 census, the % of households living in informal dwellings for the city as a whole dropped by only 1%.


Figure 25: Distribution of household size

Household Size

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Household Size

% households 16 20.2 35.1 19.5 6.2 3

1 2 3 to 4 5 to 6 7 to 8 9+

Most households are relatively small with 71% of households consisting of 4 people or fewer.

Access To Basic Services

Access to water

% households with piped water in dwelling or on-site: 1996 vs 2001

Sanitation

% households with flush or chemical toilet: 1996 vs 2001

Energy/Fuel used for lighting and cooking

% households using electricity for lighting : 1996 vs 2001

Refuse removal

% households with refuse removal by local authority: 1996 vs 2001

Access to telephone

% households with access to telephone by population group

Access to Household Goods (radio, television, computer, refrigerator)


Figure 26: Distribution of households by type of access to water

Access To Water

69% of households indicated that they had piped water in their dwellings.

A further 15% had piped water on site.

14% of households indicated that they made use of communal taps.

Other1.2%

Communal Tap

14.3%

Piped Water on Site15.1%

Piped Water in Dwelling

69.4%


Figure 27: % households with access to piped water in dwelling or on-site – 1996 vs 2001 census by population group

% Households With Access To Piped Water 1996 Vs 2001 Census

Overall, the % of households that had access to piped water either in their dwelling or on site decreased from 90% recorded in the 1996 census to 84% recorded in the 2001 census.

0

20

40

60

80

100

1996 Census 89.6 65.4 97.4 99.6 99.6

2001 Census 84.4 61.7 93.9 95.3 96.7



Figure 28: Distribution of households by type of sanitation

Sanitation

Most households (87%) have a flush or chemical toilet.

5% make use of pit or bucket latrines.

None 7.3%

Bucket Latrine4.5%

Pit Latrine0.9%

Flush/chemical

Toilet87.3%


Figure 29: % households with flush or chemical toilets - 1996 vs 2001 Census by population group

% Households With Flush Or Chemical Toilets1996 Vs 2001 Census

The % of households having either a flush or chemical toilet declined from 89% recorded in the 1996 census to 87% recorded in the 2001 census.

0

20

40

60

80

100

1996 Census 89.4 66.4 95.9 99.3 99.9

2001 Census 87.4 67.1 95.6 98.3 99



Figure 31: Energy/Fuel used by households for cooking

Source of Energy/Fuel For Lighting And Cooking

Figure 30: Energy/Fuel used by households for lighting

Electricity is the main source of energy for lighting and cooking for more than 80% of households. Paraffin is the next most widely used fuel source for lighting and cooking.

Other1%

Paraffin16%

Gas2%

Electricity81%

Other0%

Paraffin9%

Candles2%

Electricity89%


Figure 32: % households with access to electricity for lighting - 1996 vs 2001 Census by population group

% Households With Electricity1996 Vs 2001 Census

The % of households using electricity for lighting increased from 87% (1996 census) to 89% (2001 census). For Black African households, the % using electricity for lighting increased from 57% to 69%.

0

20

40

60

80

100

1996 Census 86.9 57.3 95.9 99.4 99.9

2001 Census 88.8 68.6 97.2 99.2 99.6



Figure 33: Distribution of households by type of refuse disposal

Refuse Removal

More than 95% of households had their refuse removed by the local authority.

0

20

40

60

80

100

% households 95.5 1.3 1.9 1.4

Removed by local authority

Communal refuse dump

Own refuse dump

No rubbish disposal


Figure 34: % households with refuse removal by local authority - 1996 vs 2001 Census by population group

% Households With Refuse Removal By Local Authority 1996 Vs 2001 Census

The % of households having their refuse removed by the local authority increased from 93% (1996 census) to 96% (2001 census). The % of Black African households having their refuse removed by the local authority increased from 79% to 90%.

0

20

40

60

80

100

1996 Census 92.8 78.5 97 99.3 99.2

2001 Census 95.5 89.5 97.9 99.3 98.9



Figure 35: Distribution of households by access to telephone

Access To Telephone

The majority of households (55%) had a telephone in the dwelling or a telephone in dwelling and a cell-phone.

A further 13% had a cellphone only. 30% had access to a public or

neighbour’s telephone nearby. For 2% of households access to a

telephone was difficult or non-existent.

No access2%

Acess to telephone

nearby30%

Cell-phone only13%

Households with telephone

55%


Figure 36: % households with access to telephone in dwelling by population group

% Households With Access To Telephone

More than 83% of White and Indian households had a telephone in dwelling or a telephone in dwelling and a cell-phone.

0

20

40

60

80

100

% households 55.6 20.3 61.9 83.9 87



Access To Household Goods

Figure 37: % households having access to refrigerator, radio, television and computer by population group

The 2001 census recorded that fewer than half of Black African households owned a refrigerator, television or computer. Of all households, 21% owned a computer, including only 3% of Black African households.

TRANSPORT

Mode of Transport to School and Work

% using public transport to school and work


Mode Of Transport

About one third of those who travel to school or work indicated that they do so by foot

A further one-third travelled to school or work by car, either as driver or as passenger.

30% made use of the various forms of public transport (taxi, bus, train)

Figure 38: Mode of Transport to School and Work

Total No. of Commuters = 1643515

Foot33%

Bicycle1%

Motorcycle1%

Car as driver19%

Car as passenger

15%

Minibus/taxi11%

Bus7%

Train12%

Other1%


% Using Public Transport to School or Work

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

% of Commuters 30.3 42.4 33.8 16.6 6.9


Overall, 30% of those who travelled to school and work did so using public transport. This varied from 42% among black Africans to 7% among whites.

Figure 39: % Using Public Transport to school or work


REFERENCES

Statistics SA, 2003, Census 2001: Census in Brief,

Dorrington, R, 1991. Projection of the Population of the Cape Metropolitan Area, 1996-2031

a population profile of the city of cape town - compiled by strategic information, cct, from...

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