1 © Nokia 2017

5G could change the world

Massivemachine

communication

ExtremeMobile

Broadband

Critical machine

communication

10 yearson battery

100 Mbpswhenever needed

Ultrareliability

< 10-5 E2E outage

10 000x more traffic

Ultra low cost

for massive machine coms.

>10 Gbpspeak data rates

<1 msradio latency

Zero mobility

interruption

1,000,000devices per km2

2 © Nokia 2017

Ready — Set — Go!The race for the 5G use case

@ FITCE.be 20171123

The 5G Revolution — How 5G will materialize the Gigabit Society

Dr. Ir. Michael Peeters, Nokia

3 © Nokia 2017 Public

⛈

4 © Nokia 2017

# of subscribers (= human or machine)

am

ou

nt o

f tr

affic

/sub

/mo

nth

2G

Mobile voice, traffic

scaling proportional

to number of subs. 3G

Start of mobile

broadband. Usage

per subscriber

increasing.

4G

Mobile entertainment, total traffic

driven by average data usage instead

of by number of subscribers.

5G

Diverging asymptotes, at the same time as

ultra-broadband continues to grow, the rise of

M2M traffic, reliability and number of subscribers

causes diverging requirements, both technical and

economical, without clear value added.

5 © Nokia 2017

6 © Nokia 2017

4th “industrial” revolution powered by 5G

Industrial change

Economic flexibility &

social mobility

Social & human impact

2nd Industrial revolution

Electricity

Mass production

3rd Industrial revolution

IT

PCs, automation

1st Industrial revolution

Steam

Mechanization

4th “Industrial” revolution

5G

Artificial intelligence, cloud, robotics, VR

People & Things

1770 1870 1970 2020

Enabler

Driver

Public

Financial revolution

Capitalism

Stocks

7 © Nokia 2017

1660

Cit ies

930

Human

1590

170

930

Worksites

160

850

Outside

560740

Vehicles

210

Home

350

200

1160

Retail

410

2025 size in $ billion, adjusted to 2015

Data source: McKinsey Global Inst itute,

The Internet of Things: Mapping the Value

Beyond the Hype, June 2015.

High est imateLow est imate

Factory

3700

1210

An estimated $3.8T-$11T economic impact in 2025

Future of automated systems, platforms, infrastructure2

02

5 E

co

no

mic

Im

pa

ct in

$B

Low estimate

High estimate

2025 economic impact in $ billion, adjusted to 2015

Source: McKinsey Global Institute, The internet of things: Mapping the value beyond the hype, June 2015

Public

8 © Nokia 2017

5G early market use cases

Public

Nokia study unveils high value use cases and their business models

Structural 5G deployment area

5G use case

In-vehicle infotainment

Truck platooningHome

HotspotsHealthcare

Drones

Highwayuse cases

Localizeduse cases

Dense city areause cases

Public transportuse cases

8K video streaming

Hotspots

EventsIndustry

VR/AR

9 © Nokia 2017

Benefits

Busin

ess c

ase

Benefits

Advanta

ge

5G industry experience – enabling industry 4.0

Resilient, secure low-latency communication

Ultra-low latency at scaleand 99.999% reliability

Inherent security by dedicated network slices

Single company network for all kinds of industrial applications

Removing cost of cabling installation and maintenance

Less reconfiguration time

Less production capacity overprovisioning

Resilient, secure low-latency comms

Public MNO slice

Critical comms

Intrusion detection

AR-enhanced maintenance

Manufacturing and process automation

Overall costs for greenfield

2-5 times lower

# of sensors=

Payback period

Reconfiguration cycle

=Payback period

Break even for wireline replacement

1 year

Wireline

connections

today

>90%

Public

10 © Nokia 2017

Benefits

Advanta

ge

Busin

ess c

ase

Virtualization &SDN control

Fast traffic forwarding

Contexttransfer

Transformation oftraffic and cities

5G

5G

5G truck platooning – automatically controlled convoys

Cutting costs of transportation, increasing safety

Revenue* in transportationE2e fleet management service

Society benefitsEfficient infrastructure use

Fuel savings lead truck

4%

Driver-truck-ratio

1 to 4

Operator break even*

Fuel savings following trucks

6 years *) CSP revenue calculated with 12.5% of cost savings for positive biz case

Efficient road usage, less congestion, higher safety

10%

Advanta

ge

Ultra-low latency to avoid oscillation at tightly-knit convoy

Enabling platoons >4not feasible with truck-to-truck

Inherent system security by dedicated network slices

Dynamic edge computing

Public

11 © Nokia 2017

Benefits

Busin

ess c

ase

Benefits

Advanta

ge

5G home experience – immersive video and virtual reality services

Fiber speeds without cables

Accelerate Gbps roll out compared to FTTP/GPON

Overcome uncertainty of FTTH adoption impact

Infrastructure build up to mobile 5G is minimized

OZO VR 4K

VR Gaming

Household / site

30+

ARPU

>40€

Cumulative CF*

after 10 years

$365M

Break even

4 years

*) Cash flow, Example US operator

cmWave or mmWave9m

Fiber distribution point

Fiber like speed/qualityto multiple 10s of houses from single BTS

Latency/BW tradeofffor VR services

Public

12 © Nokia 2017 Public

13 © Nokia 2017 Public

14 © Nokia 2017

Pick any two

Tradeoff between throughput, reliability and latency

Source: B. Soret (Nokia) et al, “Fundamental Tradeoffs among Reliability, Latency

and Throughput in Cellular Networks”, Globecom 2014

Public

15 © Nokia 2017

The Tactile Internet

Public

16 © Nokia 2017

Human interaction latency thresholds

1sec

150 ms

100 ms

25-50 ms

<15 ms

Information retrieval with uninterrupted

flow of thought (Nielsen)

Fluid human-to-human conversations

(ITU-T G.114)

Perception of instantaneous reaction to

single action

Sensorimotor control loops• 50msec: latency becomes perceivable

• 25 msec: onset of performance degradation

but not yet perceivable

Motion-to-photonTime budget for adjustment of visual information

due to change of point-of-view, avoiding motion

sickness

Web page load time

Video start-up time

Voice & video calls

VR and AR communication,

collaboration

Highlight in response to mouse

click/hover/finger touch

Force feedback mechanisms (haptic)

Instrument touch to sound

Pen movement to writing appearing

Public

17 © Nokia 2017

Location precision

Speed 100 ms10 ms1 ms

Distance Traveled

3 m/s 3 mm 3 cm 30 cm

150 km/h 4.2 cm 42 cm 4.2 m

100 km/h 2.8 cm 28 cm 2.8 m

Public

18 © Nokia 2017

Feedback delay and system stability

t

t

Target

Position

Target

Position

t

Target

Position

Unstable

Ideal

RingingIncreasing

feedback

delay

Disturbance

Feedback

delay

5G 4G~100 ms~1-10 ms

End-to-end latency

Reliable, fast

orchestration of

multi-party

systems

Public

19 © Nokia 2017

Breaking down the Use Case Latency Budget

Cloud Application

Processing

Example functions:

Cloud Frontend

processing

Decode/buffer

Image recognition

Big database

search

Correlation/analysi

s

Event recognition

Control cycle logic

Rendering

Encode/buffer

UE/Endpoint

Application

Processing

Example functions:

Sensor data

acquisition &

processing

User input acquisition

Pre-analysis &

encoding

Receive/decode

Rendering/display

Actuation

Networklatency

Networklatency

UE/endpointlatency

UE/endpointlatency

cloudapp

latency

cloudapp

latency

Air Interface

Transmission

(&

retransmissions)

Base Station

Processing

X-Haul

Transport

Mobile

Core

GW

GiLAN

Service

Chain

UE TX/RX

Processing

E2E application latency

E2E network

latency

RAN Core

Public

20 © Nokia 2017

Bandwidth-efficient Volumetric Video Delivery

E2E Latency Example

User movement

capture

(gaze, head, body)

network

transmissionnetwork

transmission

Buffer and

video decoding

(50fps)

displayscreen

Volumetric video

subset selection

Volumetric video

subset encoding

Edge Cloud

10ms

NWms

NWms

30ms

5ms

10ms 20ms

75* + 2xNW ms

Xms

Perception-based video streaming

The e2e latency determines how the far the user

can move (eye gaze, head, body) before updated

video info arrives, and hence the size of the subset

of volumetric video that has to be sent to ensure a

quality experience.

Eye Gaze

capture

The lower the NW latency, the less bandwidth is

required for volumetric video delivery

150ms

75ms

15ms

50Mbps 1Gbps200Mbps

e2

e la

ten

cy

BW

complete

volumetric

video

Exact POV perspective 2D Video(also requires speed improvements in

mocap, video encoding/decoding)Motion

capture

Trade BW for latency

while maintaining

user experience

* assumes high performance GPUs

Public

21 © Nokia 2017

Trading latency for bandwidth

Public

E2E Latency (ms) 400 300 200 100 50

Network RTT

(ms)

0

1060200300

0

100

200

400

500

300

600

100 0

Band-

width(Mbps)

40Mbps

180Mbps

360Mbps

600Mbps

15

20Mbps

360deg retinal video

bandwidth for decreasing

e2e and network latency

40ms assumed for non-

network e2e latency(90fps, fast video decoding and

ultra-low streaming buffer)

22 © Nokia 2017

Converged Edge Cloud

The world’s first 16K cinematic VR experience

Public

23 © Nokia 2017

Co-present

Mixed Reality

Ubiquitous

contextual AR Info

Remote multi-user

AR Gaming

Bandwidth-efficient

volumetric video

delivery

Heads-Up Display

2D Video

(Google Glass)

Heads-Up Display

Unregistered Info

(Google Glass)

Augmented/Mixed Reality

Range of Latency Performance Classes

i

100ms 50ms 15ms 10ms 5ms

1se2e app

latency

1se2e app

latency

90mse2e app

latency

150mse2e app

latency

100mse2e app

latency

50mse2e app

latency

Round Trip

Networking Latency

Public

24 © Nokia 2017

Industrial Robotics and Automation

E2E Latency Example – Cloud Robotics

Sensor data

acquisition &

processing

pre-analysis

& coding

network

transmission

network

transmission

actuation

control cycle

processing

sensors gesture

Edge Cloud

1ms

1ms

2ms

2ms

5-10 ms

Process Automation

Monitoring and actuated controls over distributed

chemical or other types of continuous processes,

which are typically on significantly longer timescales

than precision robotic operations

>200ms

Discrete Automation w/Motion Control

Rapid robotic device –to- cloud control loop for

precision control of movements, manufacturing

operations, and safety mechanisms – often

involving close coordination of multiple devices

5-10ms

* assumes data but no video sent up to cloud

0.5ms 0.5ms

Public

25 © Nokia 2017

Discrete

Automation

Discrete Automation

Motion Control

Remote Control

Tele-operation

(drones, vehicles, etc.)

Process

Automation

Industrial Robotics and Automation

Range of Latency Performance Classes

>200mse2e app

latency

150mse2e app

latency

5-10mse2e app

latency

Tele-Protection

Electricity

Distribution

~10mse2e app

latency

100ms 50ms 15ms 10ms 5msRound Trip

Networking Latency1ms

50-100mse2e app

latency

Public

26 © Nokia 2017

• E2E latency refers to the overall latency requirement (depending on the use case) from the occurrence of an

automotive event (e.g. a hazard, start to brake), its measurement, processing, communication, decision making,

possible distribution of the decision, to actuation in response to the event.

• E2E latency is at services or application level, and is defined by the operationability required for the service to be

effective and efficient.

Public

Latency requirements for Safety Applications

Understanding breakdown of latency for Automotive Use Cases

network

transmission

network

transmission

Vehicle 2

eNodeB / RSU

100 ms

??ms

XXms XXms

??ms

Vehicle 1

Event: e.g.

start of

braking for

V1

Creation of

V2V msg

Reception

of msg from

v1

Processing

/ decoding

Start of

braking for

V2

Indirect V2V Direct V2V

Event:

Start of

emergency

brake network

transmission

network

transmission

Vehicle 2 Vehicle 1

Event: e.g.

start of

braking for

V1

Creation of

V2V msg

Reception of

msg from v1

Processing

/ decoding

Start of

braking for V2

100 ms

YYms

??ms??ms

27 © Nokia 2017

In 2016 Bosch, Nokia and Deutsche Telekom Jointly Set Up a Local Cloud

for Accelerated Exchange of Information in Time-Critical Accident

Situations

Essential use cases

Intersection Assistant

Electronic Brake Light

Robust <20ms

application end-to-end latency

Teamwork

Deutsche Telekom: LTE network

Bosch: onboard units +

in-car applications

Nokia: Mobile Edge Computing

@ Bosch proving ground Boxberg

Strong Partners

“ Local clouds are ideally suited

to fast vehicle-to-vehicle

communication for hazard

warnings and for cooperative

and coordinated driving

maneuvers ”Dr. Dirk Hoheisel, member of the board of

management at Robert Bosch GmbH

http://www.bosch-presse.de/pressportal/en/local-clouds-for-greater-road-safety-63296

28 © Nokia 2017

Latency Evolution with 4.9G and 5G

Can we do it today?

Connected with

uplink resources

Connected without

uplink resources

Idle

10 ms

30 ms

100 ms

4G *

2 ms

<10 ms

<50 ms

4.9G *

1 ms

1 ms

1 ms

5G *

Shorter TTI

Contention based access,

pre-scheduled uplink

Connected inactive state

Solution

Public

* One-way

Latency reduction and reliability are more than just radio improvements:Edge cloud and network slicing are key components.

29 © Nokia 2017

AT&T – Multi-phase field trials with E2E 5G lab tests - 28, 39 and 73 GHz

Verizon –Field coverage tests at 28GHz in several cities for FWA.

Operators around the world already trialing early market 5G use cases

40+ engagements with global early adopters

NAM APAC

Berlin stadium event - 5G powered entertainment in collaboration with DT

KT-Korea – pre-Olympic Games 5G mobile trial at 28GHz in 2018

Docomo - 8K video over 5G radio, testing all frequency bands, from <6 GHz to mmWave

MIIT - Extensive testing on massive MIMO, new waveform, network slicing and MEC

NAM

EME

A

APA

C

SKT-Korea – pre-standard 5G mobile trial

planned at 28GHz in 2018

Public

30 © Nokia 2017

Distributed Centralized

Edge

Network slicingMulti-radio

Core

Yes, there is a place for even lower latencies

Public

And we can start building that network today

Capacity

Connectivity

Latency

Reliability10 yearson battery

100 Mbpswhenever needed

>10 Gbpspeak data rates

<1 msradio latency

1,000,000devices per km2

5G

todaytomorrow

@multiplex

Reading material:

https://resources.ext.nokia.com/asset/201152

https://resources.ext.nokia.com/asset/201088