4G Mobile Communications

Submitted By: Pawan Kr. Mishra B.Tech E.C 4th Year

MOBILE SYSTEM GENERATION

First Generation (1G) Mobile System:

The introduction of cellular systems in the late 1970s and early 1980s represented a quantum leap in mobile communication.

These 1G cellular systems still transmit only analog voice information.

1G systems are Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), and Total Access Communication System (TACS).

It is Based on Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology.First Generation (1G) Mobile System were designed to offer a single service, i.e., speech

Analog cellular System

Second Generation(2G) mobile system

2G digital cellular systems were first developed at the end of the 1980s.

The second generation of mobile networks with the first generation of cellular telephones by switching from analogue to digital.

it is possible to transmit voice and low volume digital data.

It is Based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology.2G cellular systems include Global system for mobile communication (GSM) , Digital AMPS ,(D-AMPS), Personal Digital Communication (PDC), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology.

Third Generation(3G) Mobile System3G mobile systems were first developed at the end of the 1990s.

3G mobile system are expected to offer high-quality multi-media services and operate in different environments.

3G systems promise faster communications services, including voice, fax and Internet, anytime and anywhere with seamless global roaming.

3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe and International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT2000) worldwide.

UMTS Main Requirements:

Multi-media Multi-environment Multi-operator Virtual operators

Limitation Of 3G

Difficulty of CDMA to provide higher data rates. Need for continuously increasing data rate and bandwidth to meet the multimedia requirements.

Limitation of spectrum and its allocation.

Inability to roam between different services.

To provide a seamless transport end-to-end mechanism.

To introduce a better system with reduces.

Introduction of 4G

Up to 2010 growth of mobile subscribers will be more than 50%Need of higher capacity of networks.4G- Fourth generation of mobile and wireless communicationsGeneration to move beyond the problems of 3GDriven by services that offer better quality (Voice n Data)Convergence of networksThe high speed of broadband service All IP based networks

Comparison of 4G with 3G

Characteristics3G (including 2.5G, sub3G)4GMajor Requirement Driving ArchitecturePredominantly voice driven - data was always add onConverged data and voice over IPNetwork ArchitectureWide area cell-basedHybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) and wide areaSpeeds384 Kbps to 2 Mbps20 to 100 Mbps in mobile modeFrequency BandDependent on country or continent (1800-2400 MHz)Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)Bandwidth5-20 MHz100 MHz (or more)Switching Design BasisCircuit and PacketAll digital with packetized voiceAccess TechnologiesW-CDMA, 1xRTT, EdgeOFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA)Forward Error CorrectionConvolutional rate 1/2, 1/3Concatenated coding schemeComponent DesignOptimized antenna design, multi-band adaptersSmarter Antennas, software multiband and wideband radiosIPA number of air link protocols, including IP 5.0All IP (IP6.0)

4G Network Hierarchies

The Goal of 4GInteractive Multimedia, Voice, Video StreamingHigh Speed Global Internet Access 100Mbps (moving), 1Gbps (stationary).Service Portability with Scalable Mobile ServicesHigh Capacity, Low Cost ServicesImproved Information Security QoS EnhancementsFlexibility and Personalized ServicesSeamless Network of Multiple Protocols - 4G must be all-IP.

Key 4G TechnologiesOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Potential Applications of 4GVirtual PresenceTelemedicineVirtual NavigationEducationTele - Geoprocessing ApplicationsCrisis-Management Applications

Recent Trends in IndustryNTT DoCoMo- Japan researches.Sintel-Intels M-WiMax as 4gChinas leap forwards 4gSamsungs experiments for 4g

Conclusion4G Technologies are expected to provide higher data rates.They are expected to give higher security, better services with low cost.Since no standard is fixed there is plenty of room left for research on issues like interoperability, automatic network selection etcWe hope that 4G visions may come true by 2010-2011

THANK YOU

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