RAHUL YADAVraor947@gmail.com

4G TECHNOLOGY4G TECHNOLOGY

CONTENTSCONTENTSo Where are we?o 1-Go 2-Go 3-Go Where do we want to go?o What is 4-Go 3-G Vs. 4-Go Advantages of 4-Go Application of 4-Go Which countries have 4-Go 4-G in Indiao Disadvantageso Future Prospectso Challengeso Conclusion

Where are we?Where are we?

1G-First Generation ◦ Speech

2G-Second Generation ◦ SMS , MMS◦ CDMA , GPRS , EDGE◦ Voice Mail

3G-Third Generation ◦ Wireless Internet◦ Video Calling◦ Mobile TV

1-G1-Go Refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone

technology, mobile telecommunications. o These are the analog telecommunications standards

that were introduced in the 1980s. o The radio signals that 1G networks use are analog.

DRAWBACKS:

o1G Poor voice qualityoPoor battery lifeoLarge phone sizeoNo securityoFrequent call dropsoLimited capacity oPoor handoff reliability.

2-G2-Go Is based on GSM or in other words

global system for mobile communication.

o Was launched in Finland in the year 1991

o 2g networks use digital signals.o enabled services such as text

messages, picture messages and MMS

  

DRAWBACKS:

oRequires strong digital signals to help mobile phones work. If there is no network coverage in any specific area, digital signals would be weak.o2G The GSM is a circuit switched, connection oriented technology, where the end systems are dedicated for the entire call session. This causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth and resources. oThe GSM-enabled systems do not support high data rates. oThey are unable to handle complex data such as video.

3-G3-Go The 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phones by

allowing video, audio, and graphics applications. Over 3G phones, you can watch streaming video or have video telephony.

o The idea behind 3G is to have a single network standard instead

o 3G promises increased bandwidth, up to 384 kbps when the device holder is walking, 128 kbps in a car, and 2 Mbps in fixed applications. DRAWBACKS:oHigh bandwidth requirement

oHigh spectrum licensing fees

oHuge capital

Where do we Want to go?Where do we Want to go?

4G4G3G3G

2G2G1G1G

High transfer rate

Internet access any where

Ability to move around with the same IP address

Utilization of Smart antennas

High resolution Mobile TV

What is fourth generation (4G)?

o High-speed data rates.o Download speed is up to 100 Mbps

to 1 Gbps o download a full-length feature film

within five minuteso Able to stream high-definition

television and radio to hand-held devices

o Adoption of packet switching instead of circuit switching in voice and video calls

o With packet switching, resources are only used when there is information to be sent across

Technology 3G 4G

Data Transfer Rate 3.1MB /sec 100MB/sec

Internet services Broadband Ultra Broadband

Mobile -TV Resolution

Low High

Bandwidth 5 - 20 MHz 100 +MHz

Frequency 1.6- 2 GHZ 2 – 8 GHz

Network Architecture

Wide Area Network Hybrid Network

3G Vs 4GThe basic difference between 3G and 4G is in data transfer and signal quality.The highest download and upload speed in 3G are 14 Mbps and 5.8 Mbps respectively

Advantages of 4-GAdvantages of 4-G

o Affordable communication services. o High speed,high capacity and low cost per bit. o Support for interactive multimedia, voice ,

streaming video, Internet and other broadband services.

o Global access, Service portability and scalable mobile services and variety of quality of services provided.

o Better spectral efficiency. o seamless network of multiple protocol and air

interfaces.

oBetter Usage of Multimedia ApplicationsoVirtual Presence: 4G system gives mobile users a "virtual presence" (for example, always-on connections to keep people on event).Video Conferencing oVirtual navigation: a remote database contains the graphical representation of streets, buildings, and physical characteristics of a large metropolis. Blocks of this database are transmitted in rapid sequence to a vehicleo Tele- geoprocessing: Queries dependent on location information of several users, in addition to temporal aspects have many applications.e.g:GIS,GPSo4G in normal life .

Traffic control.Mobile phones. Sensor on public vehicle.

Applications of 4GApplications of 4G

Which countries have 4-GWhich countries have 4-G

Except for the Scandinavian countries, a few countries have started the 4G commercially

In the US, Sprint Nextel initiated the service last year

Countries expected to launch 4G by this year are Germany, Spain, China, Japan and England

4-G in INDIA4-G in INDIA

o Has already begun the process of introducing 4Go India is among the latecomers in 3Go It is felt that by the time the implement 3G fully, 4G

technologies such as LTE will be available commercially.o It has taken three years for the government to decide on 3G-

spectrum auction policy.o 4G could face the same delay unless India wants to catch up

with the rest of the world

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

o Battery usage is moreo Hard to implemento Need complicated hardwareo The equipment required to implement a next generation

network is still very expensive. o Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure

that expenses are kept realistic.

Future ProspectsFuture Prospects

o 4G is coming quicker.o Fast internet access to both stationery and mobile

users.o 4G can be efficiently combined with cellular technologies

to make consistent use of smart phones and also create video blogs.

o This gives the manufactures the opportunity to produce more affordable user friendly 4G compatible devices.

o 4G is capable of providing new horizon of opportunity for both existing and startup telephone companies.

ChallengesChallengeso Integrating all the promised services is a challenge.

Challenges in migration to 4G. High data-rate services and low per bit transmission cost. Meet the demand of the diverse users.

o Competition with the next forth coming 5G.

5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which supports almost 65,000 connections.

5G technology would provide better use of available bandwidth.

ConclusionConclusion 4G can be best described in one word “MAGIC”,

which stands for:

Mobile multimedia

Anytime Anywhere

Global mobility support,

Integrated wireless and personalized services.

Though 4G is facing challenges and problems we believe that future research will overcome these challenges and integrate newly developed services to 4G networks making them available to everyone, anytime and everywhere.

REFERENCESREFERENCES

ITU-T, 2006. Security in Telecommunications and Information Technology: An overview of issues and the deployment of ITU-T Recommendations for secure telecommunications.

Nory, R. et al, “Uplink VoIP Support for 3GPP EUTRA,” IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference, March 2007.

Ghosh, A. et al, “Uplink Control Channel Design for 3GPP LTE,” IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, September 2007.

R1-080602, “Way Forward on Special Sub-frame Patterns for FS2,” CATT, RAN1#51-Bis, Seville, Spain, Jan 2008.

Ghosh, A. et al, “Uplink Control Channel Design for 3GPP LTE,” IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, September 2007.

R1-080602, “Way Forward on Special Sub-frame Patterns for FS2,” CATT, RAN1#51-Bis, Seville, Spain, Jan 2008

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