Circulatory System46.1+2

Cardiovascular system = the blood, heart, & blood vessels

Lymphatic system = the lymph, lymph nodes, & lymph vessels

Together they make the circulatory system

46.1

Transports nutrients, hormones, & gases Get rid of wastes Helps maintain a constant body

temperature

Functions of the Circulatory System

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE

Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Aorta Left VentricleRight Ventricle Pulmonary Veins (twice)

Pulmonary Artery Right Atrium Left Atrium Tricuspid ValveSemilunar Valves Mitral Valve Septum

RIGHT LUNG

LEFT LUNG

Main function of the heart is to keep blood moving constantly throughout the body.

Large organ made of cardiac muscle that are rich with mitochondria. Surrounded by a tough membrane called the pericardium.

Mammalian hearts have four chambers.◦atria◦Ventricles

Left and right side of the heart are separated by the septum.

Your Heart

Atria: Two upper chambers◦ Walls thinner and less

muscular than ventricles

Ventricles: Two lower chambers◦ Walls thicker and more

muscular than atria (why?)

◦ Left pumps blood to entire body; thicker than right ventricle (why?)

◦ Right pumps blood to the lungs

Parts of the Heart Aorta: large blood vessel Vena cava: Sends

deoxygenated blood into the right atrium (Superior from upper body; Inferior from lower body)

Flow of Blood

1) Why is the heart’s left side exerting more pressure? 2) Why is the left side’s wall of muscle larger than the

right side’s?

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)-Initiates an electrical impulse to contract the heart.◦ located in the right atrium.◦ Also called the ‘pacemaker’

for the heart. Impulse travels next to

the atrioventricular node (AV Node)◦ Located in the septum◦ Causes the ventricles to

contract. Muscle cells contract in

waves

Heartbeat Control

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waOSUpEHPQs&feature=related

Pacemaker Implantation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cDSVytVGhc

Blood Pressure:◦systolic pressure- when the ventricles

contract◦diastolic pressure- when the ventricles

are relaxed Pulse: Pressure waves in arteries from

contraction of the left ventricle

Hypertension- high blood pressure

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nb4jpp-GGUs

SYSTOLE: CONTRACTDIASTOLE: RELAX

Arteries: large thick walled muscular elastic vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.◦ Blood is under pressure pushed through by heart pumping.

(blood pressure)◦ Arteries branch off from heart divide into smaller vessels called

arterioles.◦ Arterioles enter tissues where they branch in capillaries.

Veins: large blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from tissues back toward the heart.◦ Blood is not under pressure.◦ Veins in arms and legs have valves that prevent blood from

flowing backward.◦ Muscles used to move blood◦ Several venules will merge to form veins.

Blood Vessels-Arteries and Veins

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjNKbL_-cwA

Capillaries

Microscopic blood vessels.

Walls are one celled thick

Blood cells move through in single file line.

Capillary walls enable nutrients and gases to diffuse easily between blood cells and surrounding tissue cells.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF68qhyfcoM&feature=related

Artery, Vein, Capillary

http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP12704

What color is blood inside the body? If it is red then why do veins look blue? Blood is a bright red in its oxygenated form (i.e., leaving the lungs), when hemoglobin is bound to oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin. It's a dark red in its deoxygenated form (i.e., returning to the lungs), when hemoglobin is bound to carbon dioxide to form carboxyhemoglobin.Veins appear blue because light, penetrating the skin, is absorbed and reflected back to the eye. Since only the higher energy wavelengths can do this (lower energy wavelengths just don't have the *oomph*), only higher energy wavelengths are seen. And higher energy wavelengths are what we call "blue."In an experiment, glass tubes were filled with blood and immersed in milk, milk having a similar ratio of fat, proteins, and water in emulsion as skin. At a certain depth, the tubes appeared blue.A phlebotomist (a person who draws blood) from the local university hospital drew hundreds of samples of venous blood. They said that almost all samples were dark red. Those that weren't were usually because people were on enriched oxygen systems.At the same time, respiratory therapists drew blood from an artery, not a vein. These samples were characteristically bright red, unless the patient was having difficulty breathing (asthma, people with one lung, pneumonia, emphysema, whatever).

OXYGENATED BLOOD-BRIGHT RED

DEOXYGENATED BLOOD-DEEP RED

FUN FACT

Pulmonary Circulation- blood traveling between the heart and lungs.-pulmonary veins and arteries

Systemic Circulation- blood traveling between the heart and other body tissues.◦ coronary circulation (heart)

atherosclerosis = build-up of fatty material on the inside of coronary arteries

◦ renal circulation (Kidney)◦ hepatic portal circulation

(Liver)

Patterns of Circulation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU30BltUa4g&feature=plcp&context=C3d90551UDOEgsToPDskL-xtnUbfcc49ivlLNr8nht

Functions in returning fluids that have collected in the tissues to the bloodstream.

Fluid is called lymph.

No “pump” for the lymphatic system◦ Uses skeletal muscles◦ Valves prevent backflow

Lymph nodes filter lymph◦ Trap foreign particles, microorganisms, and

tissue debris◦ Store lymphocytes, type of white blood cell

that are specialized to fight disease and infection. Swollen lymph nodes=increase in lymphocytes

Lymphatic System

Plasma- liquid part of the blood, mostly water. Carries nourishment for the cells.

Red Blood Cells (erthrocytes)- transport oxygen. Formed in the red marrow of cells.

-Hemoglobin- transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. -no nuclei-life span of 120-130 days

Blood (46.2)

White Blood Cells (leukocytes)- help defend the body against disease. -formed in the red marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.-larger than RBC’s-can live many years-several types

ex: phagocyte

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxTYyNEbVU4

Platelets- help form blood clots.◦Fibrin (protein) is produced

that forms a sticky web, forming a clot.

◦ Hemophilia-absence of one or more proteins needed to clot

Blood Types- A, B, O, AB◦Antigens- protein or

carbohydrate that signals the body that something foreign has entered it.

◦Rh factor- antigen present on the surface of RBC’s. Majority of humans are Rh +.