3.3 lektion 3 medieneinflüsse strukturen © and ® 2012 vista higher learning, inc. 3.3-1 relative...

3.3

Lektion 3 MedieneinflüsseSTRUKTUREN

© and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 3.3-1

Relative pronouns and clauses

—Ein Konzert? Mit einem nationalen Top-Act, der für Stimmung sorgt.

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• A relative pronoun introduces a clause that modifies a noun, pronoun, or idea found in the main clause. The clause introduced by the relative pronoun is called the relative clause. Relative clauses always require the conjugated verb to move to the end of the clause. Separable prefix verbs are written as one word and also come at the end of the clause.

Ich kenne den Zeichentrickfilm, der jetzt im Kino läuft.I know the cartoon that is playing in theaters now.

Ich kenne einen ausländischen Reporter, den ich oft mit Skype anrufe.I know a foreign reporter whom I often call on Skype.

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• A relative pronoun replaces the word for which it stands (the antecedent) and agrees in number and gender with this antecedent. The case of the relative pronoun depends on its role in the relative clause.

Der Fernseher war nicht teuer.The television was not expensive.

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Sie kauften den Fernseher.They bought the television.

Der Fernseher, den sie kauften, war nicht teuer.The television (that) they bought was not expensive.

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• The following table shows how the relative pronoun must agree with the antecedent, and how it changes depending on its role in the relative clause.

Antecedentder Schauspieler

Relative pronoungender and number of antecedent

with case of relative clause

NominativeDas ist der Schauspieler,That’s the actor

der sehr einflussreich ist.who is very influential.

AccusativeDas ist der Schauspieler,That’s the actor

den ich gern kennen lernen möchte. whom I would like to meet.

DativeDas ist der Schauspieler,That’s the actor

dem ich gratulierte.whom I congratulated.

GenitiveDas ist der Schauspieler,That’s the actor

dessen Filme traurig sind.whose movies are sad.

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• Relative pronouns resemble definite articles, except in the dative plural and the genitive.

Relative pronouns

der die das die

Nominative der die das die

Accusative den die das die

Dative dem der dem denen

Genitive dessen deren dessen deren

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ACHTUNG!

In German, the main clause and the clause introduced by the relative pronoun are always separated by a comma.

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• In English, the relative pronoun can sometimes be omitted. In German, however, the relative pronoun must be present.

Das ist der Reporter, den ich sah.That is the reporter whom I saw.That is the reporter I saw.

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• After the words nichts, einiges, viel, wenig, alles, and etwas, and after an adjective used as a neuter noun (e.g., das Beste), the relative pronoun is always was.

Der Redakteur verstand etwas, was ich nicht verstand.The editor understood something (that) I didn’t understand.

Werbung im Fernsehen ist das Schlechteste, was es gibt.Television advertising is the worst (that) there is.

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• Prepositions used with relative pronouns come before the relative pronoun at the beginning of the relative clause and determine the case of the relative pronoun.

Die Bürger erzählten dem Reporter von dem Stau, über den sie sich ärgerten.The citizens told the reporter about the traffic jams that they were annoyed by.

Ich kenne die Frau nicht, mit der du gestern zusammen warst.I don’t know the woman you were with yesterday.

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• To indicate location, the adverb wo can replace the preposition and the relative pronoun.

Hier ist das Haus, in dem ich gewohnt habe.Here is the house in which I lived.

Hier ist das Haus, wo ich gewohnt habe.

Here is the house where I lived.

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• When referring to people, the relative pronoun is a form of der/die/das/die. Wer, wem, wen, and wessen as relative pronouns refer to people who are not defined precisely. This corresponds to English he who, whoever, anyone who.

Wer den ganzen Tag viel arbeitet, ist am Ende des Tages sehr müde.Whoever works a lot all day is tired at the end of the day.

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• The forms of wer are also often found as relative pronouns in proverbs and phrases.

Wer zuerst kommt, mahlt zuerst.First come, first served. (Whoever comes first gets served first.)

Wem der Schuh passt, der zieht ihn sich an.If the shoe fits, wear it. (Whomever the shoe fits wears it).

3.3 lektion 3 medieneinflüsse strukturen © and ® 2012 vista higher learning, inc. 3.3-1 relative...

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