3 house styles

8/16/2019 3 House Styles

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House Styles Gothic Revival

Medieval traditions mingled with modern methods to create these whimsical Victorian

homes, built between 1840 and 1880

Sir Horace Walpole started it. In the mid-1700s, the English author got it into his head to redo hiscountry home with arched windows, battlements and other pseudo-othic details. Walpole!s house,

located at Strawberry Hill near "wic#enham, became a model $or %edie&alism.

"he romantic new style was a welcome change $rom the stately, symmetrical architecture o$ the day. 'ythe 1(00s, $ashionable houses throughout England began to resemble churches, con&ents andstoryboo# castles. )ueen *ictoria too# delight in these $anci$ul othic +e&i&al buildings.

yndhurst in "arrytown, ew or# --/ othic +e&i&al mansion designed by /leander ac#son 2a&is

Photo copyright © Jackie Craven

3n the other side o$ the /tlantic, ew or# architect /leander ac#son 2a&is was e&angelical about theecclesiastical style. He published $loor plans and three-dimensional &iews in his 1(47 boo#, RuralResidences. His design $or yndhurst, an imposing country estate in "arrytown, ew or#, became ashowplace $or the othic +e&i&al style.

Gothic Revival !eatures !ound at "yndhurst#

• Steeply pitched roo$ • 5ointed windows with decorati&e tracery • rouped chimneys • 5innacles • 'attlements and shaped parapets • eaded glass • )uatre$oil and clo&er shaped windows • 3riel windows • /symmetrical $loor plan • *erandah

%ost pri&ate homes in the 6nited States did not $ollow othic models this $aith$ully. Howe&er a series o$ pattern boo#s by another popular designer -- /ndrew ac#son 2owning -- captured the imagination o$ acountry already swept up in the romantic mo&ement. Houses across orth /merica -- especially in ruralareas -- began to sport gothic garb. le&er builders de&eloped a $ri&olous, most un-churchli#eadaptation #nown as arpenter othic.

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With details reminiscent o$ the 5arthenon, stately, pillared ree# +e&i&al homes re$lect a passion $oranti8uity. Here are $acts and photos $or the classic style that still shapes the way we build.

ree# +e&i&al18$% & 18'0

(elle Meade )lantation & co*yright + rt-oday

Gree. Revival houses usually have these /eatures#

• 5edimented gable • Symmetrical shape • Hea&y cornice • Wide, plain $rie9e • 'old, simple moldings

Many Gree. Revival houses also have these /eatures# • Entry porch with columns • 2ecorati&e pilasters • arrow windows around $ront door

In the mid-1:th century, many prosperous /mericans belie&ed that ancient reece represented thespirit o$ democracy. Interest in 'ritish styles had waned during the bitter War o$ 1(1;. /lso, many/mericans sympathi9ed with reece!s own struggles $or independence in the 1(;0!s.

ree# +e&i&al architecture began with public buildings in 5hiladelphia. %any European-trainedarchitects designed in the popular recian style, and the $ashion spread &ia carpenter!s guides andpattern boo#s. olonnaded ree# +e&i&al mansions -- sometimes called Southern Colonial houses --sprang up throughout the /merican south. With its classic clapboard eterior and bold, simple lines,ree# +e&i&al architecture became the most predominant housing style in the 6nited States. "he$ashion became #nown as the National Style.

2uring the second hal$ o$ the 1:th century, othic +e&i&al and Italianate styles captured the /mericanimagination. recian ideas $aded $rom popularity. Howe&er, $ront-gable design -- a trademar# o$ theree# +e&i&al style -- continued to in$luence the shape o$ /merican houses well into the ;0th century.

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(eau rts Stylec 188% & c 1'$%

*anderbilt %arble Housecopyright < /rt"oday

ombining classical ree# and +oman architecture with +enaissance ideas, 'eau /rts was once the$a&ored style $or grandiose public buildings. 2uring the ilded /ge, howe&er, wealthy industrialistsadopted the opulent $ashion $or their own pri&ate homes.

(eau rts buildings have many o/ these /eatures#

• %assi&e, grandiose building with stone $inish • %onumental classical ornamentation=

- balustrades- balconies- columns- cornices- pilasters- triangular pediments

• Highly decorated= swags, medallions, cartouches, $lowers, shields • rand stairway • arge arches • Symmetrical $a>ade

Some /amous (eau rts buildings#

• 'oston 5ublic ibrary • arnegie Hall • rand entral Station • ew or# 5ublic ibrary •

5alace o$ ?ine /rts, San ?rancisco • "he Waldor$, ew or# ity

bout the (eau rts Style

"he 'eau /rts @?rench $or A$ine artAB style originated in the Ccole des 'eau /rts in 5aris. %any/merican architects studied at this legendary architectural school, where they learned about theaesthetic principles o$ classical design and brought them to the 6nited States.

/lso #nown as 'eau /rts lassicism, /cademic lassicism, or lassical +e&i&al, 'eau /rts is a lateand eclectic $orm o$ eoclassicism. It combines classical architecture $rom ancient reece and +ome

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with +enaissance ideas. 'eau /rts is characteri9ed by order, symmetry, $ormal design, grandiosity, andelaborate ornamentation. In the 6nited States, the 'eau /rts style led to planned neighborhoods withlarge, showy houses, wide boule&ards, and &ast par#s. 2ue to the si9e and grandiosity o$ the buildings,the 'eau /rts style is most commonly used $or public buildings li#e museums, railway stations,libraries, ban#s, courthouses, and go&ernment buildings.

"he popularity o$ the 'eau /rts style waned in the 1:;0!s, and within ;D years the buildings wereconsidered ostentatious. ater in the ;0th century, postmodernists redisco&ered an appreciation o$ the'eau /rts ideals.

-udor Medieval Revival18'0 & 1'40

House at Bodnant Gardens in WalesCopyright © Jackie Craven

With hea&y chimneys and decorati&e hal$-timbering, "udor re&i&al houses ha&e a decidedly medie&al$la&or. earn more about this handsome style and its many imaginati&e &ariations.

-udor style homes usually have these /eatures#

• 2ecorati&e hal$-timbering • Steeply pitched roo$ • 5rominent cross gables • "all, narrow windows • Small window panes • %assi&e chimneys, o$ten topped with decorati&e chimney pots

"he name Tudor suggests that these houses imitate English architecture $rom the early 1th century.Howe&er, most "udor style homes were inspired by building techni8ues $rom an earlier time. Some"udor houses mimic humble %edie&al cottages -- "hey may e&en include a $alse thatched roo$. 3ther"udor homes borrow ideas $rom late %edie&al palaces. "hey may ha&e o&erlapping gables, parapets,and beauti$ully patterned bric# or stonewor#. "hese historic details combine with *ictorian or ra$tsman$lourishes.

/s in many )ueen /nne and Stic# style homes, "udor style houses o$ten $eature stri#ing decorati&etimbers. "hese timbers hint at -- but do not duplicate -- %edie&al building techni8ues. In %edie&alhouses, the timber $raming was integral with the structure. %odern "udor houses, howe&er, merelysuggest the structural $ramewor# with alse hal$-timbering. "his decorati&e woodwor# comes in many

di$$erent designs, with stucco or patterned bric# between the timbers.

Handsome eamples o$ "udor style architecture may be $ound throughout reat 'ritain, northernEurope and the 6nited States. "he main s8uare in hester, England is surrounded by la&ish *ictorian"udors which stand unapologetically alongside authentic medie&al buildings. In the 6nited States, "udorstyling ta#es on a &ariety o$ $orms ranging $rom elaborate mansions to modest suburban homes withmoc# masonry &eneers. "he style became enormously popular in the 1:;0s and 1:40s, and modi$ied&ersions became $ashionable in the 1:70s and 1:(0s.

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3ne popular housing type inspired by inspired by "udor ideas is the Cots!old Cottage. "hese 8uainthomes ha&e an imitation thatched roo$, massi&e chimneys, an une&en sloping roo$, small windowpanes, and low doors.

Renaissance Revival Style

c 1840 & c 1'1%

'rea#ers %ansion, built by +ichard %orris Hunt

copyright < /rt"oday

/ $ascination $or the architecture o$ +enaissance Europe and the &illas o$ /ndrea 5alladio inspired theseelegant turn-o$-the-century homes. ?ind $acts and photos $or the opulent +enaissance +e&i&al style.

Renaissance Revival houses have many o/ these /eatures#

• ube-shaped • 'alanced, symmetrical $a>ade • Smooth stone walls, made $rom $inely-cut ashlar • ow-pitched hip or %ansard roo$ • ?ull roo$line entablature topped with balustrade

• Hori9ontal stone banding between $loors • Segmental pediments • entrally located doors • 3rnately-car&ed stone window trim &arying in design at each story • Smaller s8uare windows on top $loor • )uoins

Second Renaissance Revival houses are usually larger and also have#

• /rched, recessed openings • ?ull entablatures between $loors • olumns supporting entablatures, arched openings, and balconies • round $loor made o$ rusticated stone= be&eled edges and deeply-recessed Foints

bout the Renaissance Revival Style

+enaissance @?rench $or ArebirthAB re$ers to the artistic, architectural, and literary mo&ement in Europebetween the 1Gth and 1th centuries. "he +enaissance +e&i&al style is based on the architecture o$1th-century +enaissance Italy and ?rance, with additional elements borrowed $rom /ncient ree# and+oman architecture. +enaissance +e&i&al is a general term which encompasses the &arious Italian+enaissance +e&i&al and ?rench +enaissance +e&i&al styles, including Second Empire.

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"he +enaissance +e&i&al style was popular during two separate phases. "he $irst phase, or the ?irst+enaissance +e&i&al, was $rom about 1(G0 to 1((D, and the Second +enaissance +e&i&al, which wascharacteri9ed by larger and more elaborately decorated buildings, was $rom 1(:0 to 1:1D. 2ue to theepensi&e materials re8uired and the elaborate style, +enaissance +e&i&al was best suited $or publicand commercial buildings, and &ery grand homes $or the wealthy.

"he 5rairie Style1'00 &1'$0

?ran# loyd Wright re&olutioni9ed the /merican home when he began to design A5rairieA style houses

with low hori9ontal lines and open interior spaces.

)rairie style houses usually have these /eatures# • ow-pitched roo$ • 3&erhanging ea&es • Hori9ontal lines • entral chimney • 3pen $loor plan • +ows o$ small windows • 3ne-story proFections

?ran# loyd Wright belie&ed that rooms in *ictorian era homes were boed-in and con$ining. Heattempted to re$ine /merican housing by designing houses with low hori9ontal lines and open interiorspaces. +ooms were o$ten di&ided by leaded glass panels. ?urniture was either built-in or specially

designed. Wright!s new style o$ housing was coined the prairie style a$ter his 1:01 "adies Ho#e Journal plan titled, A/ Home in a 5rairie "own.A 5rairie houses were designed to blend in with the $lat, prairielandscape.

"he $irst 5rairie houses were usually plaster with wood trim or sided with hori9ontal board and batten.ater 5rairie homes used concrete bloc#. "he spacious, open $loor plans o$ 5rairie homes too# on many$orms= S8uare, -shaped, "-shaped, -shaped, and e&en pinwheel-shaped.

%any other architects produced 5rairie homes throughout the /merican midwest. "he style waspopulari9ed by pattern boo#s, and a subtype o$ the style, the /merican ?ours8uare, became one o$ themost common housing $orms in the 6nited States.

In 1:4, when the 6nited States was in an economic depression, ?ran# loyd Wright de&eloped asimpli$ied &ersion o$ his 5rairie School architecture. 2esigned to control costs, these homes had noattics, no basements, and little ornamentation. ?ran# loyd Wright called his stripped-down 5rairiehouses 6sonian because he thought they represented the democratic ideals o$ the 6nited States o$orth /merica. 6sonian houses were constructed through the 1:D0s and became models $orcontemporary suburban housing.

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French Inspired House Styles

Does your home speak français? After World War I, soldiers returning to the United States and Canada brought a keen interest inFrenh housing styles! "uilding plan books and home maga#ines began to feature modest homes inspired by Frenh buildingtraditions! $rand homes like the one sho%n here %ere onstruted %ith a faniful mi& of Frenh details!

Details 'ary, but Frenh(inspired homes are distinguished by their distinti'e hipped roofs and flared ea'es! )o deide %hether your

home has Frenh aents, look for these features*

• "rik, stone, or stuo siding

• +ipped roof

• Flared ea'es

• Dormers

• ulti(paned %indo%s

Some French style homes also have:

• Deorati'e half(timbering

• -ound to%er at entry%ay

• Arhed door%ay

French Normandy

Frenh .ormandy +ouse Style/hoto from Clipart!om

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Some Frenh style homes borro% ideas from .ormandy, %here barns %ere attahed to the li'ing 0uarters! $rain or ensilage %asstored in a entral turret! )he Norman Cottage is a o#y and romanti style %hih features a small round to%er topped by a one(shaped roof! 1ther .ormandy homes resemble miniature astles %ith arhed door%ays set in imposing to%ers!

2ike )udor style houses, 34th(entury Frenh .ormandy homes may ha'e deorati'e half(timbering! Unlike )udor style homes,ho%e'er, houses influened by Frenh styles do not ha'e a dominant front gable!

rt Modernec 1'20 & c 1'4%

With the slee#, streamlined appearance o$ a modern machine, /rt %oderne architecture epressed thespirit o$ a new, technological age. Here are $acts about the trendy style o$ the 1:40s and !G0s.

rt Moderne houses have many o/ these /eatures#

• /symmetrical • Hori9ontal orientation • ?lat roo$ • o cornices or ea&es • ube-li#e shape • Smooth, white walls • Slee#, streamlined appearance • +ounded corners highlighted by wraparound windows • lass bloc# windows • /luminum and stainless steel window and door trim • %irrored panels • Steel balustrades • Suggestions o$ speed and mo&ement= Hori9ontal rows o$ windows or decorati&e bands •

ittle or no ornamentation • 3pen $loor plans

bout the rt Moderne Style

It5s easy to onfuse Art oderne %ith Art Deo, but they are t%o distintly different styles! While both ha'e stripped(do%n forms andgeometri(based ornamentation, the moderne style %ill appear sleek and unornimented, %hile the slightly earlier deo style an be0uite sho%y!

rt Moderne rt 3eco

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rientation Hori9ontal, with $lat roo$ *ertical, with setbac#

Si5e Short "all

6olor White 5olychrome

rnamentation ittle or none Etensi&e= 'ands o$ design,car&ings

(uilding ty*e %ainly residential ommercial

"he slee#, rounded /rt %oderne style originated in the Bauhaus mo&ement, which began in ermany.'auhaus architects wanted to use the principles o$ classical architecture in their purest $orm, designingsimple, use$ul structures without ornamentation or ecess. 'uilding shapes were based on cur&es,triangles, and cones. 'auhaus ideas spread worldwide and led to the %oderne or International Style inthe 6nited States. /rt %oderne art, architecture, and $ashion became popular Fust as /rt 2eco waslosing appeal. %any products produced during the 1:40s, $rom architecture to Fewelry to #itchenappliances, epressed the new /rt %oderne ideals.

/rt %oderne truly re$lected the spirit o$ the early twentieth century. Epressing ecitement o&ertechnological ad&ancements, high speed transportation, and inno&ati&e new construction techni8ues,/rt %odern design was highlighted at the 1:44 World ?air hicago. ?or homeowners, /rt %oderne also

pro&ed to be a pragmatic style because these simple dwellings were so easy and economical to build.

&/rame Style1'%7 to *resent

With a dramatic, sloping roo$ and co9y li&ing 8uarters, an /-$rame style house is ideal $or winteryregions with lots o$ snow.

&/rame houses have many o/ these /eatures#

• "riangular shape • Steeply sloping roo$ that etends to the ground on two sides • ?ront and rear gables • 2eep-set ea&es • 1 or ; stories • %any large windows on $ront and rear $a>ades • Small li&ing space • ?ew &ertical wall sur$aces

bout the &/rame Style

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"riangular and tee-pee shaped homes date bac# to the dawn o$ time, but architect /ndrew ellerturned an old idea into a re&olutionary concept in 1:D7 when he built an A/-$rameA house in ongIsland, ew or#. amed $or the distincti&e shape o$ its roo$line, eller!s design garnered internationalattention when it was $eatured in the Ne! $ork Ti#es. Soon, thousands o$ /-$rame homes were builtaround the world.

"he steep slope o$ the /-$rame roo$ is designed to help hea&y snow to slide to the ground, instead o$remaining on top o$ the house and weighing it down. /t the same time, the sloped roo$ pro&ides twoother bene$its. It creates a hal$ $loor at the top o$ the house which can be used $or lo$ts or storagespace, and, since the roo$ etends down to the ground and doesn!t need to painted, it minimi9es theamount o$ eterior maintenance re8uired on the house. 3n the other hand, the sloped roo$ creates atriangular Adead spaceA at the base o$ the walls on each $loor. /-$rame houses ha&e limited li&ing spaceand are usually built as &acation cottages $or the mountains or beach.

)ostmodern Stylec 1'% 9 *resent

Is your house uni8ue, whimsical, and surprising Is it contradictory and yet ambiguous 5ostmodernhouses tend to gi&e the impression that anything goes - the impossible is not only possible, buteaggerated. earn more about the postmodern house style.

Vanna Venturi House5rit9#er 5ri9e aureate

Post#odern house %ualities&

• Sense o$ Aanything goesA= ?orms $illed with humor, irony, ambiguity, contradiction • utaposition o$ styles= 'lend o$ traditional, contemporary, and newly-in&ented $orms • Eaggerated or abstract traditional detailing • ocal materials and traditions are not necessarily used or considered

'(out the Post#odern Style

5ostmodern @or post-modernB architecture e&ol&ed $rom %odernism, yet is a condemnation o$ thatstyle, which is considered ecessi&ely minimalist, anonymous, monotonous, and ultimately boring.5ostmodernism is characteri9ed by what architect harles enc#s re$ers to as Adouble codingA= two ormore styles which co-eist in contradiction andJor sel$-moc#ery. "his can be a mi o$ traditional andin&ented $orms, o$ $unctionality and decoration, or o$ $amiliar shapes used in surprising ways orcontets. In other words, postmodern houses o$ten don!t ha&e anything in common with one another,other than their lac# o$ commonality. 5ostmodern houses may be bi9arre, humorous, or shoc#ing, butthey are always uni8ue.

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3$ten the term postmodern is loosely used to describe neo)eclectic homes that combine a &ariety o$historic styles. Howe&er, unless there is a sense o$ surprise, irony, or originality, a neo-eclectic home isnot truly postmodern.

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3 house styles

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