14

2 Lucky escapes

ReadingReading

2 Complete the table with synonyms from the text.

Identifying synonyms in a text Student’s Book page 12.

Alcatraz Prison is located on an

island, surrounded by freezing

water, a mile and a half off the

coast of San Francisco. An ideal

location for a prison it seems. In

fact, when the prison was closed

down in 1963, no prisoners had

managed to escape successfully.

This is not to say that inmates had

not attempted to escape; however,

those who had tried were either

shot dead or thought to have

drowned. Take, for example, the

story of Frank Morris and the Anglin

brothers; now a part of escape

mythology.

On the morning of 12th June 1962,

guards at Alcatraz Prison found

dummies in the bunks of Morris,

and John and Clarence Anglin.

There was no sign of the men.

An investigation later revealed

a complex escape plot. The three

men had exited their cells through

ventilation holes. They had then

squeezed through the ventilation

pipes onto the roof, climbed down

a drainpipe, scaled a fifteen-foot

fence and reached the beach.

Wearing rudimentary life jackets,

they had set sail on a raft made from

stolen raincoats and disappeared

into the night, forever.

This escape attempt, popularised

by Clint Eastwood in the motion

picture Escape from Alcatraz, was

among the most intricate ever

devised. Although nobody knows

for sure what happened to the

escapees, they were officially listed

as ‘missing and presumed drowned’.

It is very likely that they died in their

attempt as, after all these years, no

one has claimed to be or even to

have seen the three men.

In 2003, Jamie Hyneman and

Adam Savage, the co-hosts of the

television series Mythbusters, tried

to discover whether or not the

escapees had survived. They selected

a date when the tide direction and

rate matched that of the day of the

escape. With another crew member

standing in for the third prisoner,

they sailed on an inflatable raft from

the prison to the mainland near

the Golden Gate Bridge: this ‘escape’

was successful. Later, both Hyneman

and Savage were forced to admit

that their experiment did not

confirm that the prisoners

had survived. And so the myth

continues…

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

Escape from Alcatraz: did they make it?

1 Read the article and answer the questions in your own words.1 Why is it difficult to escape from Alcatraz? 2 How did the guards know there had been an escape? 3 How did the prisoners plan to reach the coast? 4 Why were they declared ‘presumed drowned’? 5 What did the TV investigators conclude?

Word Type of word Synonym

1 imitation bodies (paragraph 2) 2 beds (paragraph 2)3 gone out (paragraph 3)4 climbed (paragraph 3) 5 complicated (paragraph 4)6 filled with air (paragraph 5)

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Unit 2 15

2

Verbs with similar meanings

3 Match the verbs in italics with the definitions. 1 It was a lovely day, so we strolled around

a walk slowly and for pleasure the park for an hour.

2 Three minutes into the match, Robinho limped b move on your hands and knees off the pitch with an ankle injury.

c walk without a purpose or destination 3 The soldiers marched proudly on the day

of the parade. d walk slowly because of an injured leg or foot 4 The young child crawled across the floor.5 When I visit a new city, I like to wander round

e walk vigorously, with regular steps

until I get to know it.

4 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.

chatter gossip scream shout sigh whisper

1 Students during the exam so that teachers can’t hear them.2 She with relief when she got her results.3 It’s fun to about famous people.4 Teachers sometimes have to to get students’ attention.5 Actresses always when they are in danger in films.6 People who about nothing all the time irritate me.

Suffixes

5 Complete the table with the suffixes.

-able -al -ation -ful -hood -ify -ise -ism -ist -ity -ive -less -ly -ment -ness -ous -ship -wards

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. 1 Mythbusters have tried to show that certain escapes are (possibility). 2 The guys always prepare well, by getting all the (inform) they need. 3 They are professionals, and know they can’t be (care). 4 If you had an accident and your car went under water, would you drown (help)

or could you escape from the car? This is what Adam and Jamie tested in Underwater Car. 5 I’ve seen that the programme sometimes receives (criticise), but I think it’s

absolutely brilliant.

Adjectives Adverbs Nouns-hood

Verbs

We use verbs with similar meanings to add variety to our texts.I went for a walk along the beach yesterday. We strolled along the shore for two hours.

Aim higher

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16

Listening

Narrative tenses

4 Match the verb patterns with the sentences.a Past Simple + Past Simple b Past Continuous + Past Simplec Past Perfect Simple + Past Simpled Past Perfect Continuous + Past Simple

1 We were strolling along the beach when we saw a boat in the bay. 2 After I had called the emergency services, the ambulance arrived. 3 The lifeboats set off and brought the people back to the beach. 4 They had been floating in the sea for fifteen minutes before the lifeboats reached them.

5 Complete the sentences with the Past Simple or Past Perfect Simple. A: What 1 you 2 (do) yesterday after you had finished work? B: I went home and 3 (watch) The Simpsons on DVD. I thought I 4 (see) all the

episodes, but I was wrong. A: Which one 5 you 6 (watch) yesterday? B: The one where Homer 7 (escape) from a fat farm. A: Is that the one where Marge had brown hair because she 8 (burn) her hair with an iron?

1 Look at the illustrations. What are the main events of the story?

2 2.1 Listen and check.

3 Listen again. Are the sentences true or false?1 The guide has never had any training. 2 His job isn’t dangerous. 3 All of his groups finish their trips safely. 4 On one occasion the raft hit a rock. 5 All of the passengers fell out of the raft.

1

Global listening Student’s Book page 14.

6 The guide had to rescue one of the passengers.

7 The water was very warm. 8 The police came to help.

2

3 4

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2

Unit 2 17

6 Complete the sentences with the Past Simple or Past Continuous. A: Guess what I was doing while you 1 (watch)

The Simpsons? I was watching The Simpsons too! I 2 (see) the same episode! Isn’t that a coincidence?

B: I don’t believe you! Tell me what else 3 (happen). For example, when Homer fell into the water, what was Marge doing?

A: Marge 4 (wait) for him. When Homer arrived back at Camp Land-A-Man, Marge 5 (leave). It was really funny. I was laughing so much, I nearly 6 (fall) off the sofa.

7 Complete these sentences with the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect Continuous.1 I was very tired last night. I (stay) up late all week with my cousin. 2 When I visited him last week, he (just / buy) a new game for his games console

called Bart Simpson’s Escape from Camp Deadly.3 In the game, Bart tries to escape from Camp Deadly. After my cousin (explain)

how the game worked, we started playing. 4 We (play) for hours by the time I realised that it was midnight. 5 I was getting very frustrated because my cousin (win) all of the games all week.6 Until last night when I finally beat him. It was the first time that has ever happened. I

(never / beat) him before so I was delighted when I won.

8 Correct the mistakes in the sentences. There is one mistake in every sentence.1 Everybody had been talk about The Simpsons Movie for a long time before I had the chance to see it.

2 There wer a number of different lucky escapes in the story. 3 The Simpson family having to escape from a burning house. 4 An angry mob had want to attack Homer. 5 They realised that Homer had been pollute the local lake and they were very angry.

6 Springfield already was so polluted that the president had ordered it to be covered by a giant glass dome.

7 While in Alaska, Marge realised the government had been plan to blow up Springfield for some time.

8 The family returning to save the town from destruction. 9 As Homer were returning, the people of Springfield were trying to escape from the dome.

10 In the end Bart was saving the town.

We use the Past Perfect Simple to talk about a past action that finished before another action in the past.Homer had been at fat camp before he returned to Camp Land-A-Man to meet Marge. We use the Past Perfect Continuous to talk about the duration of a past action in progress before another past action.Homer had been floating in the river for a long time before he arrived at the camp.

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18

Speaking

1 Order the pictures to tell the story.

2 Complete the dialogue with the phrases in the box.

Go on. No, what did you do? Really? Three times? Wow, that’s incredible.

A: Last summer I went to Wales on holiday. You’ll never guess what I did there.B: (Ask an information question) 1

A: I went bog snorkelling!B: (Show interest) 2 What’s that?A: It’s amazing; you swim along a man-made canal that goes through a wet, muddy bog. You have to

keep your head under the water all the time.B: (Encourage speaker to continue) 3

A: The water is brown and you can’t see anything. You can only lift your head out of the water for air three times.

B: (Echo) 4

A: Yes. I managed to swim very quickly and I nearly won the race. I came second.B: (Use an exclamation) 5

A: I can’t wait to do it again.

Student’s Book pages 16 and 17.

Antonyms

3 Choose the correct options to complete the text.Last year I went to Limerick to do a language course. The teachers were very nice and 1responsible / irresponsible. Their classes were really well-prepared and 2tedious / entertaining. I was really 3pleased / displeased with the course: I learnt so much.

On the last day of the course, the school took my class to a traditional restaurant. The restaurant was OK, but I didn’t enjoy my meal: my soup was 4freezing / boiling and I burnt my mouth, the bread was 5fresh / stale – dry and hard. My main course wasn’t any better. The beef was 6delicious / disgusting: it was undercooked.

I won’t go back because I was 7satisfied / dissatisfied with the service. They didn’t serve all of the meals at the same time and the food was 8wonderful / awful. I didn’t complain because the school had 9bought / sold the meal.

a b c

d e f

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2

Unit 2 19

Phrasal verbs

4 Match the sentence halves.1 We set off early a when we go out at night. 2 The jeep broke down b to arrive on time.3 I picked up my children c from their school. 4 The babysitter looks after our children d when we were driving in the country. 5 That evening we came across an old friend and e she took our things without asking.6 We fell out with Jane because f spent the rest of our time with her.

The correct word order for a separable phrasal verb with a pronoun object is: verb + pronoun + particleShe picked the children up. She picked them up. NOT She picked up them.

6 Rewrite the sentences with object pronouns if possible.1 The teacher put off our trip to the museum

because we hadn’t studied enough. 2 The police officer wrote down our names

and addresses. 3 The car broke down on the motorway. 4 I turned on the computer when I finished

my homework. 5 He looked for his glasses everywhere.

5 Complete the sentences with it or them in the correct position.1 I can’t work with the music on. Turn

off , please.2 You can’t use your dictionaries in the exam.

Put away . 3 Take these forms and fill in .4 We’ll leave our rucksacks here. Can you look

after ?5 Jane finished the exam quickly because it

was very easy. She handed in fifteen minutes early.

6 We had lunch in that café every day. We came across on our first day.

Time expressions

We use time expressions to say when an event happens.

7 Choose the correct option in each sentence. 1 When / Before Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in 2005, it caused great devastation. 2 The residents were fighting to survive until / while the American people were watching the news. 3 Since / As Hurricane Katrina, the world has seen more serious flooding. 4 July 2007 was a terrible month for many people in Asia. Before / While the summer was over,

there had been terrible flooding all over Bangladesh, Nepal and Northern India. 5 After / Until floods destroyed many homes in India, people had to move in order to escape the water.

8 Complete the text with the time expressions in the box.

after as as soon as before since when

I live in Cambridge. In June 2007 England was hit by flooding. Our home filled up with water. The day 1 I had seen the warnings on the news, but I didn’t believe it would happen. I woke up early in the morning. 2 I saw the water in my bedroom, I jumped out of bed. 3 waking my parents up, we went onto the roof. Luckily, 4 we were climbing onto the roof, our neighbours were passing in a small boat. 5 our neighbour saw us, he offered to take us in his boat. The next day we returned to our house. It was a scary experience and 6 that night I haven’t been able to sleep properly.

Aim higher

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2020

Writing

Making narratives vivid Student’s Book page 18.

1 Read the composition. Have you ever had a similar experience?

2 Put the events from the story in the correct order. 1 The passengers heard an explosion. 5 The cabin filled with smoke. 2 He woke up. 6 He ran away from the plane. 3 He left the plane. 7 The plane landed. 4 The engine caught fire. 8 He felt frightened.

A story about a bad travelling experience

My worst experience happened two years ago. I

was flying home after my holiday. I had been asleep

throughout the whole flight and I woke up just before

landing. It was raining heavily and the plane was

shaking violently. Although we were close to the

airport, I felt absolutely terrified.

When the plane eventually landed, we all clapped

loudly with relief. But then, as the plane continued

down the runway, we heard a loud explosion and the

plane swung sharply to the left. The wing smashed

into the ground and one of the engines burst into

flames. The cabin started filling up with smoke.

Everybody was coughing and choking. As soon as I could, I unfastened my seatbelt and

rushed quickly to the nearest exit.

I slid down the emergency evacuation slide. As I ran towards the terminal building,

I was imagining the plane exploding. I could hear the noise of the fire engines and the

ambulances. Finally, I stopped and looked back, the ground was covered in foam and the

firefighters were putting out the fire. I stood in the rain and sobbed: I felt lucky to be alive.

Fortunately, all the passengers and crew had survived and no one was injured.

a

4 Find five adverbs of manner in the text.1 2 3 4 5

3 Find dramatic verbs in the text to match the definitions. 1 turn (paragraph 2) 2 crash (paragraph 2) 3 start burning (paragraph 2) 4 move quickly (paragraph 2) 5 cry (paragraph 3)

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5.1

Unit 5 21

2

Unit 2 21

Linkers of reason and result

a We can use linkers to express a reason. You need to be careful when you go on a safari because some animals could attack you. b We can use linkers to express a result. He is a professional who knows the dangers. For that reason, he is a great guide.

8 Choose the correct option in each sentence. 1 I planned to go on a safari holiday as / as a result I love animals and would love to see them

in the wild. 2 Then I read a scary story about a gamekeeper. Since / Consequently I’m a little worried

about my holiday. 3 The gamekeeper had a lucky escape. He was chased by a hippopotamus. Fortunately, the man

could run very fast. Because / For that reason he managed to escape. 4 The hippo stopped for a rest so that / because it had run 100 metres. 5 Hippos protect their territory very carefully. As a result / Since, they will attack anyone they think

is threatening them. 6 I will remember to be extra careful on my holiday so that / as I don’t annoy any hippos.

9 Match the sentence halves. 1 Meanwhile a local zoo were very worried 2 The elephant ran down a motorway, and 3 The police closed the road. 4 Animal rights groups said the elephant was in danger 5 The elephant had lived its whole life in the zoo. 6 The elephant was returned to the zoo. It was a lucky escape for everyone

a For that reason it was afraid of the traffic. b because an elephant had escaped. c as a car could easily crash into the animal. d as a result many drivers began to panic. e because the elephant could have been hurt or it may have attacked someone. f Consequently, it was easier to catch the elephant.

5 Write the adverb form of the adjectives.1 angry 5 immediate 2 continuous 6 rapid 3 happy 7 serious 4 hard 8 sudden

6 Complete the sentences with the adverbs in exercise 5. 1 A building fell down in the city centre yesterday. It happened when most people were working

, but no one was injured. Neighbours called the emergency services, who responded to the call.

2 The government had promised to help farmers . Farmers have not received any help and they protested outside parliament buildings yesterday.

3 The wave appeared and moved to the shore. It destroyed numerous cars and buildings.

4 After returning to their homes, the people sang .

7 Write a narrative that ends with the words I was really lucky to be alive.

Aim higher

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22

2

Reading

Check and Test 2

1 Put the paragraphs in the correct order.

Listening

3 2.2 Listen and order the main events of the story.1 He canoed to his neighbour’s house to get some food. 2 He got on a military bus. 3 He ran out of food and water. 4 He went up on the roof and wrote HELP ME. 5 He got on a plane and flew to safety. 6 The hurricane hit the city.

Our holiday adventure a Finally, we got a phone call from our national airline who offered to fly us

home three days early. The weather had been getting worse all week, but on our last day it was very bad. Before getting on the plane, it had been raining heavily all morning and the wind was blowing strongly. When I was walking to the taxi, I was nearly lifted off the ground by a powerful gust. I was unbelievably lucky: I was carrying my suitcase and the weight of it kept me on the ground.

e Then we called our travel agent to see if we could change our flights and go home early. It was a very difficult time. We spent most of our time making lots of phone calls and not doing the things we had arranged to do.

b We arrived home safely

after a nine-hour flight. We

didn’t feel completely calm

until we heard that the

hurricane had avoided the

island and all the lovely people

we had met were unharmed.

c The weather forecast

predicted powerful hurricanes

for our second last day on the

island. My friends and I were

absolutely terrified. The first

thing we did was to speak

to our hotel manager about

the situation on the island.

He advised us to return home

before the storm arrived. d I’ll never forget my

holiday in Cuba. It was a time of contrasts: fun and fright, relaxation and panic, sun and rain. I had gone there with all my friends. We had spent our time on the amazing beaches, going to discos and eating the delicious local cuisine. We were having a fantastic time until the end of the first week.

2 Answer the questions in your own words.1 Why was the writer’s holiday a time of contrasts? 2 What happened at the end of the first week? 3 What did the manager advise them to do? 4 How did they get home? 5 What was the best news?

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Check and Test 2 23

2

4 Choose the correct option in each sentence.1 One day supermodel Keidi Klum was tired and had a cold. She had no make-up on and she didn’t feel

sigh / stunning / delicious.2 She decided to go for a stroll /crawl / whisper in the sun to make herself feel better. 3 Her hair was stale / awful / groan, but she had sunglasses and a hat on. She was sure that nobody

would recognise her. 4 While she was walking, she came across a nice little café / came a nice little café across / across came

a nice little café .5 She sat down / sat under / sat on in a quiet corner and ordered a coffee.

5 Rewrite the sentences with the words provided.1 Keidi Klum ordered a coffee. The waitress called the paparazzi. The waitress called the paparazzi after 2 She got up very early that morning. She was tired. She was tired because 3 Keidi waited for her coffee. She looked at a magazine. Keidi looked at a magazine while she 4 Keidi finished drinking her coffee. The paparazzi arrived. When the paparazzi arrived, Keidi Klum 5 It was a terrible morning for her. She cried. She cried because

Speaking

6 Complete the dialogue with the phrases in the box.

Go on. How did you get an ambulance? No, what happened? Really? Sandy Cove? What a story!

A: Do you know what happened to me yesterday?B: (Ask an information question)

1 A: I was kite surfing at Sandy Cove.B: (Echo) 2

A: You know the beach beside the old train station? Well, I was surfing when I saw a swimmer was having problems.

B: (Encourage speaker to continue) 3

A: I realised he was in deep water and he couldn’t get to the shore.

B: (Show interest) 4

A: Yeah, so I surfed over to him, helped him onto my board and I brought him to the shore. He needed to get to hospital!

B: (Ask for clarification) 5 A: Well, some tourists on the beach called the emergency

services. They said he had had a lucky escape!B: (Make an exclamation) 6

Writing

7 Write a narrative which includes the sentence I had never been so frightened in my life. (100-120 words)

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