CHAPTER 6 SECTION 1: EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION

2. Identify the 3 motives for European exploration.

1. God 2. Glory 3. Gold

3. Define

1. Conquistador – Spanish conquerors of the Americas

 2. Encomienda – right of landowners to use native

Americans as laborers. Land holders were supposed to protect native Americans, but because the Spanish government was far away native Americans were treated badly ( put to work on sugar plantations and in gold and silver mines

  3. Columbian Exchange – Exchange of plants and animals

between Europe and America 

4. What are the two countries that led the way in European Exploration?

1. Spain 2. Portugal

5.Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?

1394-1460, prince of Portugal, patron of exploration. He is most famous for the voyages of discovery that he organized and financed, which eventually led to the rounding of Africa and the establishment of sea routes to the Indies.

In 1416 he established at Sagres in SW Portugal a base for explorations, later adding a naval arsenal and an observatory and a school for the study of geography and navigation.

6. Explain the Treaty of Tordesillas.

Voyages of Portugal and Spain opened up new lands to exploration. Both feared the other might claim some newly discovered territories

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)Line of demarcation extending from north to south

through the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern part of South American continent

Unexplored territories east of the line were controlled by Portugal

Unexplored territories west of the line were controlled by Spain

 

Explorer European Nation Represented

Lands Explored; Riches gained/lost; People defeated; Accomplishment

1. Hernan Cortes Spain1519- landed at Veracruz on the Gulf of MexicoDefeated the Aztecs

2. Bartholomeau Dias Portugal Rounded Tip of Africa – Cape of Good Hope

3. Vasco da Gama PortugalAround Cape of Good Hope – cut across Indian Ocean to Coast of India

4. Alfonso de Albuquerque Portugal Set up port at Goa (western side of India)Malaka – thriving spice trade port on Malay Peninsula (destroyed the Arab control of spice trade)

5. Christopher Columbus SpainReach Asia by sailing westQueen Isabella of Spain – financed an exploratory expeditionOctober 1492 reached the Americas (actually Cuba and Hispanola)

6. Ferdinand Magellan Spain First to circumnavigate the globe

7. John Cabot England Newfoundland; New England coastline

8. Amerigo Vespucci Italian – sailed with Protuguese

MapmakerDescribe lands he saw and were given his name

9. Francisco Pizarro Spain1530 – landed on Pacific coast of South AmericaConquered the Inca

8. Who is Henry the Navigator and what are his contributions to the Age of Exploration?Government-sponsored institute at Sagres, which

maintained a school, an observatory, and a base for exploratory ventures at nearby Lagos. Books and charts were collected in a library and reports were solicited from contemporary travelers.

Advances in navigational instruments and cartography.

A new ship design that became the Portuguese caravel

9. CaravelPortuguese shiplate 1400‘s Made long voyages

of exploration possible.

Triangular sales allowed it to sail against the wing

Large cargo hold

9. Astrolabe• An early astrolabe was

invented in the Greek World in 150 BC

• used by astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars; determining local time (given local latitude) and vice-versa; surveying; triangulation;

9. Magnetic CompassChina; Qin dynasty

(221-206 B.C.). Allowed explorers to

chart a course across ocean

10. Find and print a map of what Europeans believed the world looked like in the 1500s.

11. 6 diseases European explorers brought to the New WorldChicken poxMeaslesSmall poxMalariaFluCommon cold

12. List foods and animals introduced to Americas and taken fro the Americas and introduced in Europe during the Age of ExplorationIntroduced to the Americas Introduced to Europe

CattlePearsHorsesLettuceSugarWheatBarleyOats

CornCocoaPineapplePotatoSquashTomatoes

13. Find and print a map that illustrates the Treaty of Tordesillas.