EXPLORATION &

EXPANSION

Chapter 13Wieczerzak

What was their motives for exploring?

• GLORY• GOD • GOLD

Why did Europe need a cheaper trade route to

Asia?

?

Museum of St. Sophia (Hagia Sophia). Istanbul, Turkey

Cut out the middle man!

What products did the European merchants want from the East?

• Spices • Preserve & flavor foods/ medicinal/

perfumes• Precious metals. Of course!

What country took the lead in exploration?

• Portugal• 1420 Prince

Henry The Navigator sponsored sailors to sail along the coast of Africa.

EASTEAST

The Gold Coast

• Discovered a new source of gold.

Portuguese

• Bartholomeu Dias• 1488• Rounded the

southern tip of Africa

• Cape of Good Hope

Portuguese• Vasco Da Gama

(1498) First of many profitable trips!

Portuguese gained control of the spice trade

• 1509 Portuguese destroyed a Turkish (Muslim) & Indian fleet off the coast of India

• Portuguese seized control of the port of Melaka. (set up trading posts)

• This helped destroy Arab control of the spice trade.

What new technology did these explorers use to aid them on their trips?

Astrolabe

Caravel

Cartography – map making

Compass

Spain’s search for spices

• In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue…

• set sail for Asia by traveling

WESTWEST

Christopher Columbus

4 trips!!!

4 trips!!!

• Hispaniola• Isles of the Caribbean

How did the Spanish & Portuguese avoid any problems over land claims?

• Pope Alexander VI set a Line of Demarcation, giving to Spain rights to any land west of the line and to Portugal, rights to any land east of the line.

What were the Spanish conquerors of the Americas called?

• Conquistadors

• Hernan Cortes• Francisco Pizarro

Spanish Empire

• Encomienda• Native Americans were used for laborers.

On the plantations and mines.

• Violence• Forced labor• Starvation• Disease

• Wiped out nearly all of the Native Americans.

The Slave Trade

What discovery brought about the need for more slaves? (think: exploration!)

The discovery of the Americas in the 1490’s.

Sugarcane plantations

Triangular trade

What was the Purpose of the triangular trade.

• Provided a market for:

• 1 – European goods to (Africa).

• 2 - Slaves from Africa to (the Americas).

• 3 – Raw materials from the Americas to (Europe).

Growth of slave trade• In roughly 300 years

some 10-11 million Africans were brought to the Americas as slaves.

Why so many?

The Middle Passage!

Death rates on the trip over and the need to

replenish their workforce

How did they get there?

How did the slave trade effect the people of Africa?

• Depopulated large areas.• Increased warfare.• Destroyed families.