1st egtei panel meeting on the sector of waste incineration

1Expert Group on Techno-Economic Issues (EGTEI) 14/06/2002

1st EGTEI Panel Meeting on the sector of

WASTE INCINERATION

Paris – ADEME, June 14th, 2002


Objectives of the Meeting

• start working on a first (exemplary) sector /

get operational as a Group

• discuss and agree on a method to pragmatically

represent the incineration sector for data collection

and transfer to RAINS (data improvement)

• define concrete next steps


• Technical and Site-related Data on Installations in Europe for the Thermal Treatment of

Municipal/Residual Waste, Report UBA 4/2002

• Dutch Notes on BAT for the Incineration of Waste; Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the

Environment, 2/2002

• Costs for Municipal Waste Management in the EU, Final Report to Directorate General Environment,

European Commission, 1?/2002

• Data from Belgium, Norway, Italy, The Netherlands, …

• http://www.epa.gov/ttn/catc/products.html#cccinfo

• Rentz, O.; Nunge, S.; Laforsch, M.; Holtmann, T.: Technical Background Document for the Actualisation

and Assessment of UN/ECE Protocols related to the Abatement of the transboundary Transport of

Nitrogen Oxides from Stationary Sources, Report of the Task Force on the Assessment of Abatement

Options/Techniques for Nitrogen Oxides from Stationary Sources, Karlsruhe, September 1999

• RENTZ, O; SCHLEEF, H.-J.; DORN, R.; SASSE, H.; KARL, U.: Emission Control at Stationary Sources in

the Federal Republic of Germany, Sulphur Oxide and Nitrogen Oxide Emission Control, UFOPLAN-Ref.

No. 104 02 360, Karlsruhe, August 1996

• Thomé-Kozmiensky, K. J.: Thermische Abfallbehandlung, EF-Verlag für Energie- und Umweltforschung,

Berlin, 1994

Important Data Sources


Incineration in Europe

210

5842 34 34 28 23

11 6 3 3 1

2111 3

0

50

100

150

200

250

F D I UK DK CH S B NL E N A P SF L

Country

Nu

mb

er

of

MS

W in

cin

era

tors

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Mio

t/a

inci

ne

rate

d

Data from: Technical and Site-related Data on Installations in Europe for the Thermal

Treatment of Municipal/Residual Waste, UBA 4/2002

Total: 488


Data from: Technical and Site-related Data on Installations in Europe for the Thermal

Treatment of Municipal/Residual Waste, UBA 4/2002

80kt/a


From: Costs for Municipal Waste

Management in the EU, Final

Report to Directorate General

Environment, European

Commission, 1?/2002

Problem:

little data

on single

abatement

technics


From: Costs for Municipal Waste Management in the EU, Final Report

to Directorate General Environment, European Commission, 1?/2002


Procedure for Data Transfer to RAINS

Workshop

on tool use

Validated

cost data

according to

NFR format

Cost data

according to

RAINS format

Cost curve

generation

by RAINS

Validated cost data

available for :

- technical annexes

- IPPC data bases

- other data bases

Data

aggregation

Carried out by IIASA

deliverables

Method – tool

describing :

-emission control options

-cost (investment + operational cost )

- range of uncertainties

Application by Parties

- information on emissions , activities

- emission control potential

- costs

- uncertainties

Data validation

Workshop

on tool use

Validated

cost data

according to

NFR format

Cost data

according to

RAINS format

Cost curve

generation

by RAINS

Validated cost data

available for :

- technical annexes

- IPPC data bases

- other data bases

Data

aggregation

Carried out by IIASA

deliverables


Methodological Approach for Representing

the Incineration Sector

• Numerous plants (> 500)

• Great variety of plant technologies

Problem:

Simplification by Modular Approach

(1)


Methodological approach for representing the

Incineration Sector

(2)

1. Define size classes for incineration

plants [4 classes]


0-1010-20

20-60

> 60


Methodological approach for representing the

Incineration Sector

(3)

1. Define size classes for incineration plants [4 classes]

2. Define flue gas treatment modules and characterise them

with technical and economic parameters for two cases:

new plant and retrofit; representation in database tool

3. Verify combined modular plants (summed up) with

global data from literature (see EU-Report, Thomé-K.,….)


1 PM abate-

ment

2 Absorption of acids,

gas scrubbing (HCl, SO2)

3 Denitrification 4 Adsorption

Furane, dioxin, POP

Electrostic precipitator

Bag house filter

Dry sorption

semi dry absorption

(spray dryer)

Wet absorption

NaOH

wet absorption Ca(OH)2

SCR

SNCR

adsorption in flow with bag house

adsorption in fixed bed

Boiler furnace

Electrostatic

Class 1:

1+2

Class 2:

1+2+3

Class 3:

1+2+3+4

Class 4:

1+2+3+4

Representation of park of

plants per country, e.g.:


Example for “grate firing”

Hypothesis

• Standard MSW with calorific value: 10MJ/kg

• Resulting specific flue gas volume: 5000 Nm³ (dry) / Mg

• Yearly full load hours: 7500 h

• Annual throughput : 320.000 Mg MSW

furnace/boiler ESP spray dryer/bag house

2 stage washer flow reactor adsorption

SCR

spray dryer product (mixed salt), fly ash

CaCO3

NaOH

Adsorb NH3

1 2 3 4


ESP in new installationParameters/Capacities [Mg/h] 0-10 10-20 20-60 >60investment million € 2 3 5 8operating costs €/(Mg/h) 60009 37506 26254 17253capital costs €(/Mg/h) 5477 8216 1266 21909efficiency % PM 99,5 99,7 99,8 99,9

contribution to total investment % 13%operating costs €/Mg 8 5 3,5 2,3contribution to total op.costs % 17%

SPRAY DRYER in new installationParameters/Capacities [Mg/h] 0-10 10-20 20-60 >60investment million € 3,0 6,0 9,0 13,0operating costs €/(Mg/h) 90014 78762 67511 52508capital costs €(/Mg/h) 8214 16428 24642 35594efficiency SO2 % 93,0 95,0 96,0 97,0

contribution to total investment % 24%operating costs €/Mg 12,0 10,5 9,0 7,0contribution to total op.costs % 43%

1

2


WET ABSORPTION NaOH in new installationParameters/Capacities [Mg/h] 0-10 10-20 20-60 >60investment million € 3,0 7 10,0 16,0operating costs €/(Mg/h) 45007 37506 30005 22504capital costs €(/Mg/h) 8214 19166 27380 43808efficiency SO2 % 90,0 93,0 95,0 97,0

contribution to total investment % 26%operating costs €/Mg 6 5 4,0 3contribution to total op.costs % 19%

ADSORBENT INJECTION INTO FLUE GAS newParameters/Capacities [Mg/h] 0-10 10-20 20-60 >60investment million € 2 4,5 8 12operating costs €/(Mg/h) 36756 27754 21003 15002capital costs €(/Mg/h) 5476 12321 21904 32856efficiency % SO2 90 90 92 92

contribution to total investment % 21%operating costs €/Mg 4,9 3,7 2,8 2contribution to total op.costs % 14%

2

3


ADSORBENT INJECTION IN FLOW GAS newParameters/Capacities [Mg/h] 0-10 10-20 20-60 >60investment million € 2 4,5 8 12operating costs €/Mg 36756 27754 21003 15002capital costs €/Mg 5476 12321 21904 32856efficiency % SO2 90 90 92 92

contribution to total investment % 21%operating costs €/Mg 4,9 3,7 2,8 2contribution to total op.costs % 14%

total of capital costs €/Mg 12,2total of operating costs €/Mg 20,7

total costs €/Mg 32,9

4


Waste throughput:Operation hours: 7500 h/a1 Investment:Investment costs 38250000 Euro Yearly costs Costs in ProportionDepreciation 15 year EUR/a EUR/Mg waste in %Interest rate 8,0%Annuity 11,7% 4.468.730 13,96 39,082 Consumption: Unit prices ConsumptionNaOH (50 %) 225,00 EUR/Mg 225 EUR/Mg 0,09 Mg/h 151875 0,47 1,33CaCO3 (100 %) 22,5 EUR/Mg 0,66 Mg/h 111375 0,35 0,97Process water 0,1 EUR/m³ 5,4 m³/h 4050 0,01 0,04Electricity 0,1 EUR/kWh 3000 kWh/h 2250000 7,03 19,67Steam 55 bar 15 EUR/Mg 2,49 Mg/h 280125 0,88 2,45Steam 8 bar 0,5 EUR/Mg 0 Mg/h 0 0,00 0,00Ammonia (25 %) 150 EUR/Mg 0,093 Mg/h 104625 0,33 0,91Auxiliary chemicals:- AlCl3 (30 %) 300 EUR/Mg 0 Mg/h 0 0,00 0,00- TMT 15 300 EUR/Mg 0,012 Mg/h 27000 0,08 0,24- A-Kohle 225 EUR/Mg 0 Mg/h 0 0,00 0,00Adsorbent 150 EUR/Mg 0,159 Mg/h 178875 0,56 1,56Intermediate sum of consumption 3.107.925 9,71 27,183 Residual substances:Spray dryer product 197,5 EUR/Mg 1,08 Mg/h 1599750 5,00 13,99Old adsorbent 197,5 EUR/Mg 0,198 Mg/h 293287,5 0,92 2,56Evaporation residues 325 EUR/Mg 0 Mg/h 0 0,00 0,00HCl (31 %) 15 EUR/Mg 0 Mg/h 0 0,00 0,00Gypsum 15 EUR/Mg 0 Mg/h 0 0,00 0,00Intermediate sum of residual substance 1.893.038 5,92 16,554 Other operating costs:Personal 7 man years 35000 EUR/a 245.000 0,77 2,14Maintenance 4,50% 1.721.250 5,38 15,05Intermediate total of other operating cost 1.966.250 6,14 17,19Total costs per year 11.435.943 100,005 Costs per ton of waste 35,74 EUR/Mg

320000 Mg/a

Ex

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le:

Th

om

é-K

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Main Information Needed for RAINS• processes and abatement options (combinations of

technologies)

• abatement capital costs

• unit operating costs (use of electricity, labour, consumables..)

• abatement efficiencies (…PM: total, coarse [2,5-10µm] and fine

[<2,5µm] fraction)

• annual full load operating hours

• activity data (actual and future) – Mg/year or PJ/year..

• information on data uncertainty

Aggregated from more detailed data (bottom up)

contained in tool

1st egtei panel meeting on the sector of waste incineration

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