Blood and Lymph

Chapter 12 Section 3

PlasmaBlood is made up of four components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, & plateletsPlasma- liquid part of the blood (55% of blood)Most materials transported in blood travel in plasmaPlasma is mostly waterPlasma is made of 3 different protein molecules: 1 regulates the amount of water in blood, 1 helps fight disease, 1 interacts with platelets to form clots

Red Blood CellsRed blood cells carry the oxygen that you breathe to your body’s cellsRBC take up oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to cells elsewhere in the bodyRBC are produced in bone marrowRBC are made mostly of hemoglobinHemoglobin- iron-containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen moleculesHemoglobin and oxygen combine to make RBC redRBC have no nuclei, and cannot live very long (120 days)

White Blood CellsWhite blood cells are the body’s disease fightersWBC are produced in bone marrowWBC recognize disease-causing organisms, produce chemicals to fight the invaders, or surround and kill the organismsThere are fewer WBC than RBCWBC are larger than RBC and have nucleiWBC live for months or years

PlateletsPlatelets- cell fragments that play an important part in forming blood clotsWhen a blood vessel is cut, platelets collect and stick to the vessel at the site of the woundPlatelets release chemicals that produce fibrinFibrin weaves a net of tiny fibers across the cut in the blood vessel and traps blood cells to form a clotA scab is a dried blood clot on the skin surface

Blood TypesMARKER MOLECULES

Blood transfusions- the transference of blood from one person to anotherFour types of blood- A, B, O, ABBlood types are determined by marker molecules on RBCPlasma contains clumping proteins that recognize RBC cells with “foreign” markers and make those cells clump

SAFE TRANSFUSIONS

The marker molecules on your RBC determine your blood type and the type of blood you can safely receiveA can receive A or O bloodB can receive B or O bloodAB can receive A, B, or OCrossmatching

The Lymphatic SystemLYMPHLymphatic system- a network of vein-like vessels that returns the fluid to the bloodstreamLymph- the fluid inside the lymphatic system consisting of water and dissolved materials such as glucose; also contains white blood cellsLymph moves very slowlyLymphatic vessels connect to large veins in the chest, empty into the veins and return to plasma

LYMPH NODESLymph nodes- small knobs of tissue through which lymph flowsLymph nodes filter the lymph, trapping bacteria and other microorganismsLymph nodes enlarge when the body fights infection

ReviewList the four components of blood. Identify whether each is a cell, a part of a cell or a liquid.

Explain why a person with type O blood cannot receive a transfusion of type A blood.

Where does lymph come from? What happens to lymph after it travels through the lymphatic system?