blood and lymph hematopoiesis

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Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis 1. Blood components and functions 2. Plasma 3. Erythrocytes 4. Leucocytes 5. Theories of hematopoiesis 6. Stem cell structure and functions 7. Embryonic and postembryonic hematopoiesis 8. Classes of hematopoietic cells 9. Main features of different hematopoietic lines

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Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis. Blood components and functions Plasma Erythrocytes Leucocytes Theories of hematopoiesis 6.Stem cell structure and functions 7.Embryonic and postembryonic hematopoiesis 8.Classes of hematopoietic cells 9.Main features of different hematopoietic lines. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

1. Blood components and functions

2. Plasma

3. Erythrocytes

4. Leucocytes

5. Theories of hematopoiesis

6. Stem cell structure and functions

7. Embryonic and postembryonic hematopoiesis

8. Classes of hematopoietic cells

9. Main features of different hematopoietic lines

Page 2: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Tissues of inner environment

1. Blood and lymph 2. Connective tissues

Blood functions

Transport

1. Trophic

2. Respiration

3. Humoral

4. Excretion

Protective

Homeostatic

Page 3: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Blood= cells + plasma (RBC+WBC+PL)

hematocrit VFe/Vpl

Page 4: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Plasma

physical condition – colloid solution

chemical composition: 90-93 % water

7-10 % dry residue (7% proteins; albumins 4%, globulins 1-3%, fibrinogen 0,2-0,4%)

others 3% (enzymes, vitamins, salts, waste products…)

pH 7,36

Page 5: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Hemogram (general blood analysis)

Hematocrit 45:55

Erythrocytes men 3,9-5,5 x 10 12/l

women 3,7-4,9 x 10 12/l

Reticulocytes 2-10 per 1000 erythrocytes

Hemoglobin men 130-160 g/l

women 120-140 g/l

Leucocytes 4-9 x 10 9/l

Platelets 180-320 x 10 9/l

Speed of blood sedimentation men

6-12 mm/hour

women 2-14 mm/hour

Page 6: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

ErythrocytesRespiratoryTransportAlkaline-acidic balanceGroup

Page 7: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis
Page 8: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Sickle-cellanemia

Normocyte 7,1-7,9 mkm (75%)

Macrocyte >8 mkm

Microcyte <6 mkm

Anisocytosis >20% abnormal sized cells

Discocytes, planocytes,echinocytes…

Poykilocytosis >25% abnormal shaped cells

Page 9: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Leucocytes

Page 10: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Leucocytes count %

Granulocytes Agranulocytes

Bazophilic

Eosinophilic

Neutrophilic Lym-pho-cytes

Monocytes

Band Juve-nile

Segmen-ted

0-1 0.5-5 0.5-1

1-6 47-72 19-37 3-11

Page 11: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Neutrophils

Page 12: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Neutrophil

Page 13: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Eosinophil

Page 14: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Eosinophil

Page 15: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Basophil

Page 16: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Basophil

Page 17: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Lymphocytes –immunocytes

1. Small, medium sized, large

2. EM: small light and dark, medium sized, B-plasma cells

3. T and B

4. Active and memory cells

Page 18: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Lymphocyte

Page 19: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Monocyte-mononuclear cell>20 mkmBean-like nucleusGolgi apparatus =>lysosomesActive type - macrophage

Page 20: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Monocyte

Page 21: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Mononuclear macrophagic system

Page 22: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Platelet

Page 23: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

HEMATOPOIESIS –blood components development

(blood cells and plasma)

Hematocytopoiesis:

1. Erythrocytopoiesis

2. Leucocytopoiesis

a) granulocytopoiesis

b) agranulocytopoiesis

3.Trombocytopoiesis

Page 24: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

THEORIES OF HEMATOPOIESIS

• POLYPHYLETIC THEORY – each mature blood cell type is derived from its own distinct stem cell

• MONOPHYLETIC THEORY (A.A. Maximov) – there is one stem cell, which can form all the mature blood cells types

• Multipotential stem cell (CFU-S – colony-forming-unit of spleen)

Page 25: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Scheme of hematopoiesis

Page 26: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Hematopoietic stem cell

1. Originates in the yolk sac

2. Thrives in RBM

3. Similar to small dark lymphocyte

4. Migrating cell

5. Pluripotential cell (gives rise to different cells)

6. Self-supporting cell

7. Rarely dividing cell (Go)

8. Sensitive cell

Page 27: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Differences between embryonic

and postembryonic hematopoiesis

Embryonic Postembryonic

Histogenesis of blood

Blood physiologic regeneration

Extracorporal (extraembryonic)

Intracorporal

Intravascular Extravascular

Occurs in different organs

RBM

Megaloblastic erythropoiesis mesoblastic

Normoblastic

Page 28: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

CLASSES OF HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS

I class – polipotent (pluripotent) stem cell

II class – hemistem cells for lymphocytopoiesis and myelopoiesis

III class – unipotent cell (committed) sensitive to exact hemopoietin (erythropoietin, leykopoietin, thrombopoietin)

IV class – blasts (young actively dividing cells)

V class – maturing cellsVI class – an “adult” mature cells

in peripheral blood

Page 29: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Erythropoiesis 1. Decrease in cell size (from 20 till 8 мm)2. Ejection (extrusion) of the nucleus3. Accumulation of hemoglobin in the cytoplasm4. Basophily decrease and acidophily increase

Page 30: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

ERYTHROPOIESIS

Page 31: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

GRANULOCYTOPOIESIS

Page 32: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

GRANULOCYTOPOIESIS

1. Decrease in the cell size

2. Chromatin condensation

3. Changes in nuclear shape (flattening – indentation – lobulation).

4. Accumulation of cytoplasmic granules.

Page 33: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

LYMPHOCYTOPOIESIS

Page 34: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

LYMPHOCYTOPOIESIS

1. Begins in red bone marrow and then continues in lymphoid tissue

2. Lifespan varies in different types of lymphocytes

3. Antigenindependent development – in the central hematopoietic organs (red bone marrow and thymus) and antigendependent – in peripheral ones (spleen, lymph nodes and nodules)

Page 35: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

MONOCYTOPOIESIS

1. Decrease in cell diameter

2. Decrease in nuclear diameter

3. Cytoplasm basophily decreases

4. Nucleus changes its shape from round to kidney-like

Page 36: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

MONOCYTOPOIESIS

Page 37: Blood and lymph Hematopoiesis

Trombocytopoiesis

Megakaryocyte