1 mike3/papers/tropoz/aguf98 12/2/98 16:30. 2 the uah atmospheric chemistry program the atmospheric...

1Mike3/papers/tropoz/aguf98 12/2/98 16:30 1

Mike3/papers/tropoz/aguf98 12/2/98 16:30

Atmospheric Chemistry at UAH

Presented at

Physics DepartmentUAH

Huntsville, Alabama25 January 2003

Investigators

Mike Newchurch

Arastoo Biazar, Dave Bowdle, Kevin Doty, Kirk Fuller, Noor Gillani, Dick McNider, Benjie Norris,

Vandana Srivastava

Mohammed Ayoub, Shi Kuang, Xiong Liu, Jing Song, Da Sun, Yuling Yu

Atmospheric Science Department

University of Alabama in Huntsville

[email protected]

Collaborators

Global Hydrology and Climate Center / MSFC

Laboratory for Atmospheres / GSFC

Climate Diagnostics and Monitoring Lab / NOAA

Atmospheric Chemistry Division / NCAR

Aerosol Research Branch / LaRC

Atmospheric Chemistry Division / JPL

Aeronomy Lab / NOAA

National Weather Service

Cal State, Northridge

Cal Tech

Hampton University

Harvard University

Pusan National University, S. Korea

St. Louis University

St. Petersburg University, Russia

2Mike3/papers/tropoz/aguf98 12/2/98 16:30

The UAH Atmospheric Chemistry Program

• The atmospheric chemistry program in the UAH Atmospheric Science graduate school includes research in balloon borne, ground-based, and satellite remote sensing of ozone, trace gases and aerosols in both the troposphere and stratosphere

• Time series analysis of those trace gases, especially ozone• Modeling of the processes controlling air quality. • We are building a new laboratory designed to house instruments measuring ozone

and aerosol vertical atmospheric profiles, boundary layer winds from Doppler aerosol backscatter lidar, and aerosol infrared spectra in both laboratory and ambient conditions.

• This new laboratory, The Regional Atmospheric Profiling Center for Discovery, (RAPCD, pronounced rhapsody) will be a state of the science facility housed in the National Space Science and Technology Center.

• It will open this spring and we invite interested researchers to discuss collaborative science with us. Additional information about our program and laboratory is available at nsstc.uah.edu/atmchem.


ATLASSpace Shuttle Missions


SAGE


Ozone Trends in SAGE, HALOE, TOMS, Umkehr, and lidar measurements

Randel, Stolarski, Cunnold, Logan, Newchurch, and Zawodny Science 10 September 1999


What is Tropospheric Ozone and

Why Do We Care?

• Stratospheric ozone protects us from harmful UV radiation

• Tropospheric ozone is harmful to lifeforms.

– Respiratory problems– Skin cancer– Crop damage

• Sources are both natural and anthropogenic

• Scale ranges from local to global


Chemistry of Ozone Formation

Tropospheric Ozone Formation From Carbon Monoxide

CO + OH CO2 + HH + O 2 HO2 NO + HO2 NO2 + OHNO2 + h NO + O h < 420 nmO + O 2 + M O 3 + M

Stratospheric Ozone FormationFrom Chapman Chemistry

O2 + h O + OO + O2 + M O3 + MO3 + O 2 O2O3 + h O + O2


MOZART Tropospheric Ozone --The Movie

First, O3 in green on a horizontal slice at an altitude of ~6km, with CO in red (the isosurface of 200 ppbv (parts per billion)). NOx is added in blue (300 pptv (parts per trillion) isosurface). The horizontal slice is then replaced with the isosurface of 30 ppbv O3, in green.

CO and NOx are products of combustion and high levels can be seen in both industrialized regions (North America, Europe and Asia) and biomass burning regions (Africa and South America). Ozone is produced when CO, NOx and sunlight are all present.

Things to watch for:The location of fires in South America and Africa changes with season. CO concentrations become high near the North Pole during winter because there is not enough sunlight for the photochemical reactions that destroy it. High levels of O3 are seen in the upper troposphere in the tropics as a result of the convection of CO and other chemical species in thunderstorms, and the production of NOx from lightning.

Shortcut to moz-2.qt.lnk

D:\mike6\Papers\Presentations non ref\2000\TOMS00


Lower-tropospheric OzoneSeasonality and Trends

Newchurch, M. J., X. Liu, J. H. Kim, Seasonality and Trends of lower-tropospheric ozone derived from TOMS near mountainous regions, J. Geophys. Res., submitted, 2000.

Acrobat Document


CCP Technique

(1) Zonal wave structure of stratospheric ozone (2) R> 80%.(3) THIR-derived cloud- top pressure <200 mb (after adjustment).(4) if no THIR, Low-pass filter is applied to filter low-altitude cloudsNewchurch et al., 2001


Scan-angle Technique

(1) This is the normalized difference of TORE between that at nadir and high-scan positions as a function of altitude

(2) The average kernel shows a broad response with its peak centered at 5-km altitude, suggesting that the diff of retrieved total ozone btw nadir and high scan angle can be used to derive trop ozone.

Kim et al., JAS, 2001


Tropospheric ozone from six satellite-based methods in Sep 1997

Surface/Boundary-Layer/Free


Effect of Tropical Lightning on Ozone


Shirase Indian Ocean Ozone Plume

Acrobat Document


Huntsville Ozonesonde Station


Huntsville Ozonesonde Station

Acrobat Document

Acrobat Document

Acrobat Document

Sonde record to date

Old Hickory Daily Sondes

Lift and Cook


Meteorological models

Emissions model

Analysispackages

Chemistry

Clouds

Aerosols

Diffusion

Advection

Chemistry - Transport model

Bott scheme

K-theory

TKE

2nd order closure

Modal

Sectional

Smolarkiewicz

RADM2

Carbon Bond IV

SAPRC-90

Kuo convection

Kain-Fritschshallow

CMAQ AdaptabilityCMAQ Adaptability

Plume-in-Grid

MEPSEs

Subgrid-scale Plume

Treatment


generator

915 MHzradar antenna

(without clutter panels)

sodar

5 m mast

wind

pyranometer GPS receiver

T, RH

electronics inside

ceilometer

(Without clutter panels -- 15 min setup time)

Mobile Integrated Profiler Configuration


GHCC/USWRP Satellite Assimilation ProjectGHCC/USWRP Satellite Assimilation Project

FSL

*Indicates regions of differential heating

*Distinguishes clear/cloudy regions

*Have high spatial and temporal resolution

AVHRR Land Use GOES SkinTemperature

GHCC Activities:

Applications of Research:

•Develop and test GOES retrieval and assimilation algorithm for NWP models

•Assess quality of NESDIS products

•Provide model and satellite products to NWS and public via internet

•Insure transfer of research to operational community

•Operational Forecasting

•Regional-Scale Air Quality Studies

•Improved Understanding Of Land/Atmosphere Interactions

The GOES Land Surface Data:


Example of MSFC Ground-based Doppler Lidar


NPS: Annual average extinction coefficients (Mm-1 )

Huntsville, AL. A Researcher’s Paradisefor Science of the Atmospheric Aerosol

‘Hot Topics’ in Aerosols and Forcing

Chemical composition• Speciation• Hygroscopicity

Physical properties• Size distribution• Morphology

Radiometric Properties• Extinction• Scattering• Absorption• Polarimetric

Forcing / Remote Sensing• Optical depth• Albedo• Polarization• Distribution of scattered light• Vertical structure


How well can we model the ozone variation?

(July 4) (July 19) (July 24)(June29)

TN

LON: -86.57, LAT: 36.25


NSSTC Regional Atmospheric Profiling Center

for DiscoveryRAPCD

Acrobat Document

Doppler lidar bench

FTIR benchtrop aerosol lidar bench

strat /trop lidar bench

~NORTH

horizontalsky-view

Janu ary 10, 2001each f loorspace square i s 2 f t x 2 f t; each laboratory fl oorspace is 20 ft E to W x 22.5 f t N to S

white circles wi th soli d borders show posi tions of l ight chi mneys, accurate to 1/2 i nch, and interior diametersfaded blue blocks around light chimneys show opt ical benches in laboratories below

cherry pi cker boom circle indicates minim um boom length

scanner

FTIR LAB ROOF PLANLIDAR LAB ROOF PLAN

ped estal

on roo f for5 ft cherry

picker

48”30”

30” 30”

semi-t ransparent green bl ock shows elevatedscanner platform on roof,

15 ft E to W and 26 ft N to Sapprox 2 f t clearance on outer walkway

9’

13’

17’

13’ 9”

13’

11’

8’ 3”

13’ 9”

26’

21’ 8”

support pi llar

8 footDoppler

lidarscancircle

ped estalon roo f for 7 ft cherry

picker

ped estalon roo f for 7 ft cherry

picker

30” 30”

30” 30”

7 footrooflidar

domeon

8 footbase

8’ 3”

Acrobat DocumentOzone Lidar

Doppler Lidar Scanner

Lockedat zenith

Grating TopDome Floor

Roof Top

DomeSidewall

RailingHorizontal FTIR

Solar FTIR

Lid Closed

Lid Closed

Lid

Op

en

Lid

Op

en

Dome Floor

Chimney 2

Chimney 4

Chimney 5

Chimney 1

Dome Legs

Dome Shutters

Dome

Chimney 3



for DiscoveryRAPCD

MEASUREMENTS•Atmospheric profiles of aerosols, gases, winds, temperature

•Tunable lidar and ozonesondes•O3, NO2, H2O, CO2, CH4, N2O, NH3, PAN, Isoprene

•Aerosols and clouds with lidar, sodar, and ceilometer•ice/water discrimination with lidar depolarization signals•Winds with Doppler lidar, Doppler radar, and sonde•Temperature with RASS and sonde

•Ground-based radiation•Column-integrated aerosols and gases with FTIR, MFRSR, Brewer

•Characteristics of atmospheric aerosols with FTIR and MOUDI•Optical properties•Chemical composition•Water uptake, reactivity with other trace gases



for DiscoveryRAPCD

APPLICATIONS •Modeling of Chemistry and Aerosols

•MODELS-3 regional air pollution•Stratospheric/Tropospheric Exchange•PBL convection/entrainment/venting•Large Eddy Simulation•Lightning NOx impact on ozone•Regional climate forcing•Visual air quality

•Satellite validation•Tropospheric ozone (TOMS, OMI, TES, AIRS, GOME, SCHIMACHY)•SO2, HCHO, NO2•Aerosols (MISR, MODIS, NPOESS, TOMS)•Winds (GTWS)

Acrobat Document

Aerosol Radiative Forcing



for DiscoveryRAPCD

APPLICATIONSDiurnal and long-term investigation of

•ozone and aerosol climatology, horizontal and vertical transport•heterogeneous chemistry, including gas to particle conversion•cloud venting of chemical pollutants•moisture effects on visibility•correlation between ozone profiles and synoptic and regional scale weather•stratosphere as a source for local and regional ozone pollution.

•Combine with similar systems in the NE and Rocky Mountains to•Investigate large scale budgets and transport of ozone and aerosol •assess model predictions

•Unique in the world as a research tool for both scientists and students.


FUTURE

• Using

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