01_ tm51211en01gla0_intro

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks TM51211EN01GLA0

IntroductionTD-LTE air interface


Module Contents

• Overview• Summary of aspects and benefits of LTE/EPC• LTE FDD & TDD Modes • TDD LTE Advantages & challenges• TDD LTE beamforming• Requirement input for LTE/EPC• LTE UE Categories• Spectrum• LTE/EPC key features• Network Architecture Evolution – User plane• Overview of LTE air interface• Recommendation series overview


year

UMTS Rel 99/4UMTS Rel 99/4 UMTS Rel 5UMTS Rel 5 UMTS Rel 6UMTS Rel 6 UMTS Rel 7UMTS Rel 7 UMTS Rel 8UMTS Rel 8

2007200520032000 2008

IMSHSDPA

MBMSWLAN IWHSUPA

IMS EvolutionLTE StudiesiHSPA

LTE

UMTS WCDMA

HSDPA

IMS

HSUPA

LTE

Commercial

Specification

2009

Overview


Fully packet-oriented mobile broadband network providing: Peak data rates of 100 Mbps (DL)

Peak data rates of 50 Mbps (UL)

Very low latency

Seamless and lossless handover

Sophisticated QoS to support

important real time applications

such as voice, video and

interactive gaming

Support for terminal speeds of

150-500 Km/h

Cell ranges of up to 100 Km.

Reduced cost per bit Simplified Architecture All IP

Maximised exploitation of frequency Resources Supports flexible frequency bandwidths by means of OFDM, MIMO, HARQ etc. an outstanding spectrum efficiency can be achieved

Extended Interworking Functionality seamless mobility with other 3GPP access systems (UMTS, GPRS), with 3GPP2/cdma2000

Reduced Terminal Complexity Specific transmission schemes Minimize power consumption

Summary of aspects and benefits of LTE/EPC


Uplink Downlink

Bandwidth

up to 20MHz

Duplex Frequency

f

t Bandwidth

up to 20MHz

GuardPeriod

f

t

Uplink

Downlink

Bandwidth

up to 20MHz

LTE FDD & TDD Modes (1)


FDD and TDD modes Harmonisation(commonalities)

FDD and TDD modesdifferences

FDD and TDD mode included together in the same specification

Same radio interface schemes for both uplink and downlink

Same subframe formats

Same network architecture

Same air interface protocols

Same physical channels procedures

FDD developed in the paired 3GPP spectrum

TDD developed in the unpaired 3GPP spectrum

Small differences in the physical channels design

Different frame formats

FDD mode has commonalities with 3G UMTS

TDD mode has commonalities with TD-SCDMA (developed in China)

LTE FDD & TDD Modes (2)


DLDLDLDL ULULULUL

DLDLDLDL

ULULULUL

TDD LTE Advantages & challenges


eNodeB

Laptop with one antenna8-Path Beamforming

TDD: Same radio channel in downlink and in uplink

TDD: Same radio channel in downlink and in uplink

TDD LTE beamforming


Demand for higherdata rates

Demand for higherdata rates

Demand for quality ofservice, lower delay

Demand for quality ofservice, lower delay

Expected new spectrumallocations

Expected new spectrumallocations

Request for flexible bandwidth usage

Request for flexible bandwidth usage

Demand for reducedterminal complexity

Demand for reducedterminal complexity

Requirements Input

• significantly increased downlink bit rates (>100 Mbps);

• significantly increased uplink bit rates (>50 Mbps);

• increased cell edge bit rates;

• low delay;

• higher spectrum efficiency;

• scalable bandwidth per cell (operator choice);

• acceptable terminal complexity and costs (lower than WCDMA);

• optimization for low speed (0-15 km/h) but support for high and highest speed (up to 500 km/h);

• compatibility with WCDMA;

•….

Requirements Excerpt

Requirement input for LTE/EPC


User Plane Latency

cell

GatewayIP NetworkIP Network

< 5 ms (unloaded condition)

Control Plane Latency

IDLE(no resources)

ACTIVE

< 100 ms

No resourceResourceAllocated

< 50 ms

Basic performance requirements: latency and signaling performance


DOWNLINK

UPLINKUPLINK

LTE/SAE Targets

UL DL

Peak Bit Rate (Mbps)

> 50 > 100

Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz/s)

2..3 times HSUPA

3..4 times HSDPA

Cell Edge Throughput (bps/Hz/s)

2..3 times HSUPA

2..3 times HSDPA

Basic performance requirements: spectrum usage


Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 MbpsPeak rate DL/UL

20 MHzRF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

64QAMModulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

16QAMModulation UL 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM

YesRx diversity Yes YesYes Yes

1-4 TxBTS Tx diversity

OptionalMIMO DL 2x2 4x42x2 2x2

1-4 Tx 1-4 Tx 1-4 Tx 1-4 Tx

LTE UE Categories

• All categories support 20 MHz• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)• 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1


Urban

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Rural

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

or

2.6 GHz

2.1 GHz

2.6 GHz

2.1 GHz

LTE

UMTS

UMTS

LTE

900 MHz

900 MHz GSM

or

GSM UMTS

LTE

LTE

Spectrum


EPS ( Evolved Packet System ) /SAE ( System Architecture Evolution ) /

LTE ( Long Term Evolution )

EPC ( Evolved Packet Core )EPC ( Evolved Packet Core )EUTRAN( Evolved UTRAN )

EUTRAN( Evolved UTRAN )

IP NetworkIP Network



OFDMA/SC-FDMA

MIMO ( Transmit Diver-sity/spatial multiplexing)

HARQ

Scalable bandwidth(1.4, 2.5, 5, 10, .. 20 MHz)

Evolved Node B / No RNC

UL/DL resourcescheduling

IP Transport Layer

QoS Aware

SON

PS Domain only, No CS Domain

IP Transport Layer

QoS Aware

3GPP (GTP) or IETF (MIPv6)

Prepared for Non-3GPP AccessFrequency reuse 1﹥

Beam-forming

LTE/EPC key features


HSPA (3GPP

R6)

I-HSPA (3GPP

R7)

LTE (3GPP

R8)

Node-B

RNC

SGSN

GGSN

Node-B with RNC functions

GGSN

eNode-B

SAE GW

Flat architecture = 2 Nodes Architecture – Single network element in radio network– Single network element in core network

HSPA direct tunnel (3GPP

R7)

Node-B

RNC

GGSN

Network Architecture Evolution – User plane

Internet-HSPA and LTE– Same Architecture– Different Transport and Air

Interface technologies


OFDM is the state-of-the-art and most efficient and robust air interface

Fast Link Adaptationdue to channel behaviour

Short TTI = 1 msTransmission time interval

Advanced SchedulingTime & Freq.

TX RX

Tx RxMIMO

Channel

DL: OFDMA

UL: SC-FDMA

scalable

ARQ Automatic Repeat Request

64QAMModulation

Overview of LTE air interface


TS 36.101 User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and receptionTS 36.104 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and receptionTS 36.141 Base Station (BS) conformance testingTS 36.201 Physical layer; General descriptionTS 36.211 Physical channels and modulationTS 36.212 Multiplexing and channel codingTS 36.213 Physical layer proceduresTS 36.214 Physical layer; MeasurementsTS 36.300 EUTRAN Overall description; Stage 2TS 36.302 Services provided by the physical layerTS 36.304 User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle modeTS 36.306 User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilitiesTS 36.321 Medium Acces Control (MAC) protocol specificationTS 36.322 Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specificationTS 36.323 Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) specificationTS 36.331 Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specificationTS 36.401 Architecture descriptionTS 36.410 S1 general aspects and principlesTS 36.411 S1 layer 1TS 36.412 S1 signalling transportTS 36.413 S1 Application Protocol (S1 AP)TS 36.414 S1 data transportTS 36.420 X2 general aspects and principlesTS 36.421 X2 layer 1TS 36.422 X2 signalling transportTS 36.423 X2 Application Protocol (X2AP)TS 36.424 X2 data transportTS 36.508 Common test environments for User Equipment (UE) conformance testingTS 36.521-1 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification Radio transmission and reception Part 1: conformance testingTS 36.521-2 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification Radio transmission and reception Part 2: ICSTS 36.523-1 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 1: Protocol conformance specificationTS 36.523-2 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 2: ICSTS 36.523-3 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 3: ATSTR 36.801 Measurement RequirementsTR 36.803 User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and receptionTR 36.804 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and receptionTR 36.938 Improved network controlled mobility between LTE and 3GPP2/mobile WiMAX radio technologiesTR 36.942 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Frequency (RF) system scenarios

TR 29.803 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG4 aspects .TR 29.804 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG3 aspects

TS 23.401 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Long Term Evolution (LTE) access .TS 23.402 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accessesTR 23.882 3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE): Report on technical options and conclusions

Network Architecture

Evolved Packet Core

Evolved UTRAN

Recommendation series overview

01_ tm51211en01gla0_intro

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