yukl chapter 12

CHAPTER 12Charismatic and Transformational

Leadership

12-1Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Prentice-Hall Leadership in

Organizations

Learning ObjectivesAfter studying this chapter, you should be

able to: Understand how the theories of charismatic

and transformational leadership differ from earlier leadership theories.

Understand similarities and differences among the major theories of charismatic and transformational leadership.

Understand how attributions of charisma are jointly determined by the leader, the followers, and the situation.

Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Prentice-Hall Leadership in Organizations 12-2

Learning Objectives (Cont.)

Understand what traits, behaviors, and influence processes are involved in charismatic and transformational leadership.

Understand the benefits and costs of charismatic leadership for followers and the organization.

Understand how to apply the theories to become more effective as a leader.


LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1


Understand how the theories of charismatic and transformational

leadership differ from earlier leadership theories

Charismatic and Transformational Leadership theories differ from

earlier theories

Emotional and symbolic aspects of leadership

Follower perceptions of leader qualities




• Understand similarities and differences among the major theories of charismatic and transformational leadership

Charismatic Theories

Charisma Max Weber – Divinely inspired gift Social crisis Radical vision offering a solution


Transformational Theories

Transforming Leadership Political leadership Appeals to followers’ moral values, raises

consciousness and mobilizes energies Contrasts with transactional leadership

which appeals to followers’ self-interest and exchange


Transformation and Charismatic: Compare and

Contrast One of the most important issues for

leadership scholars is the extent to which transformational leadership and charismatic leadership are similar and compatible.

Some theorists treat the two types of leadership as essentially equivalent, whereas other theorists view them as distinct but overlapping processes.




Understand how attributions of charisma are jointly determined by the leader, the followers, and the

situation

Attributions of CharismaFollower attributions of charisma depends

on leader behavior

Novel and appealing vision Emotional appeal to values Unconventional behavior Self-sacrifices Confidence and optimism


Attributions of Charisma (Cont.)

Follower attributions of charisma depends on aspects of the situation

Follower anxiety Follow disenchantment




Understand what traits, behaviors, and influence processes are involved in charismatic and transformational leadership

Charismatic TheoriesAttribution theory

Behaviors? Influence

processes? Facilitating

conditions?

Self –concept theory

Traits & behaviors?

Influence processes?

Facilitating conditions?


Transformational Behaviors

ORIGINAL THEORY BEHAVIORS

REVISED THEORIES’ BEHAVIORS

Idealized influence

Intellectual stimulation

Individualized consideration

Inspirational motivation

Idealized influence behavior

Idealized influence attributions


Transactional Behaviors

ORIGINAL THEORY BEHAVIORS

REVISED THEORIES’ BEHAVIORS

Contingence reward Passive management

by exception

Active management by exception

Laissez-faire




Understand the benefits and costs of charismatic leadership for

followers and the organization

Negative Charismatics Personalized power orientation Instill devotion to themselves Use ideological appeals to gain power Seek to dominate and subjugate Centralize authority Use punishment and rewards to

manipulate Restrict information Self-glorifying decisions


Organizational Effects of Negative Charismatics

Risky decisions can result in serious failures

Make more determined enemies Excessive optimism blinds the leader to

strategic flaws Close identification with vision

undermines objective evaluation


Organizational Effects of Negative Charismatics (Cont.)

Judgment may not be questioned Reject evidence of an unrealistic vision Followers can be inhibited from

suggesting improvements Alienate or polarize people


Positive Charismatics Socialized power orientation Instill devotion to ideology Emphasize internalization Self-sacrifice Lead by example Delegate authority Shared information Participative decision-making Rewards used to reinforce


Organizational Effects of Positive Charismatics

Follower growth and development Environmental adaptation Achievement-oriented culture High-performing system Clearly understood mission


Organizational Effects of Positive Charismatics (Cont.)

Mission embodies social values Empowerment Open communication Shared information Structures and systems support mission




Understand how to apply the theories to become more

effective as a leader

Research Survey studies Laboratory and field experiments Comparative biographical studies Intensive case studies


Guidelines for Leaders Articulate a clear and appealing vision Explain how vision can be attained Act confident and optimistic Express confidence in followers Use symbolic actions to emphasize

values Lead by example
