your use of this ontario geological survey …...omnr-dm 1976 ontario ministry of natural resources...
TRANSCRIPT
THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT
Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the
“User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use.
Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever. Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”). Both your use of a linked Web site, and your right to use or reproduce information or materials from a linked Web site, are subject to the terms of use governing that particular Web site. Any comments or inquiries regarding a linked Web site must be directed to its Owner. Copyright: Canadian and international intellectual property laws protect the Content. Unless otherwise indicated, copyright is held by the Queen’s Printer for Ontario. It is recommended that reference to the Content be made in the following form: <Author’s last name>, <Initials> <year of publication>. <Content title>; Ontario Geological Survey, <Content publication series and number>, <total number of pages>p. Use and Reproduction of Content: The Content may be used and reproduced only in accordance with applicable intellectual property laws. Non-commercial use of unsubstantial excerpts of the Content is permitted provided that appropriate credit is given and Crown copyright is acknowledged. Any substantial reproduction of the Content or any commercial use of all or part of the Content is prohibited without the prior written permission of MNDM. Substantial reproduction includes the reproduction of any illustration or figure, such as, but not limited to graphs, charts and maps. Commercial use includes commercial distribution of the Content, the reproduction of multiple copies of the Content for any purpose whether or not commercial, use of the Content in commercial publications, and the creation of value-added products using the Content. Contact:
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON PLEASE CONTACT: BY TELEPHONE: BY E-MAIL:
The Reproduction of Content
MNDM Publication Services
Local: (705) 670-5691 Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext.
5691 (inside Canada, United States)
The Purchase of MNDM Publications
MNDM Publication Sales
Local: (705) 670-5691 Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext.
5691 (inside Canada, United States)
Crown Copyright Queen’s Printer Local: (416) 326-2678 Toll Free: 1-800-668-9938
(inside Canada, United States)
LES CONDITIONS CI-DESSOUS RÉGISSENT L'UTILISATION DU PRÉSENT DOCUMENT.
Votre utilisation de ce document de la Commission géologique de l'Ontario (le « contenu ») est régie par les conditions décrites sur cette page (« conditions d'utilisation »). En
téléchargeant ce contenu, vous (l'« utilisateur ») signifiez que vous avez accepté d'être lié par les présentes conditions d'utilisation.
Contenu : Ce contenu est offert en l'état comme service public par le ministère du Développement du Nord et des Mines (MDNM) de la province de l'Ontario. Les recommandations et les opinions exprimées dans le contenu sont celles de l'auteur ou des auteurs et ne doivent pas être interprétées comme des énoncés officiels de politique gouvernementale. Vous êtes entièrement responsable de l'utilisation que vous en faites. Le contenu ne constitue pas une source fiable de conseils juridiques et ne peut en aucun cas faire autorité dans votre situation particulière. Les utilisateurs sont tenus de vérifier l'exactitude et l'applicabilité de tout contenu avant de l'utiliser. Le MDNM n'offre aucune garantie expresse ou implicite relativement à la mise à jour, à l'exactitude, à l'intégralité ou à la fiabilité du contenu. Le MDNM ne peut être tenu responsable de tout dommage, quelle qu'en soit la cause, résultant directement ou indirectement de l'utilisation du contenu. Le MDNM n'assume aucune responsabilité légale de quelque nature que ce soit en ce qui a trait au contenu. Liens vers d'autres sites Web : Ce contenu peut comporter des liens vers des sites Web qui ne sont pas exploités par le MDNM. Certains de ces sites pourraient ne pas être offerts en français. Le MDNM se dégage de toute responsabilité quant à la sûreté, à l'exactitude ou à la disponibilité des sites Web ainsi reliés ou à l'information qu'ils contiennent. La responsabilité des sites Web ainsi reliés, de leur exploitation et de leur contenu incombe à la personne ou à l'entité pour lesquelles ils ont été créés ou sont entretenus (le « propriétaire »). Votre utilisation de ces sites Web ainsi que votre droit d'utiliser ou de reproduire leur contenu sont assujettis aux conditions d'utilisation propres à chacun de ces sites. Tout commentaire ou toute question concernant l'un de ces sites doivent être adressés au propriétaire du site. Droits d'auteur : Le contenu est protégé par les lois canadiennes et internationales sur la propriété intellectuelle. Sauf indication contraire, les droits d'auteurs appartiennent à l'Imprimeur de la Reine pour l'Ontario. Nous recommandons de faire paraître ainsi toute référence au contenu : nom de famille de l'auteur, initiales, année de publication, titre du document, Commission géologique de l'Ontario, série et numéro de publication, nombre de pages. Utilisation et reproduction du contenu : Le contenu ne peut être utilisé et reproduit qu'en conformité avec les lois sur la propriété intellectuelle applicables. L'utilisation de courts extraits du contenu à des fins non commerciales est autorisé, à condition de faire une mention de source appropriée reconnaissant les droits d'auteurs de la Couronne. Toute reproduction importante du contenu ou toute utilisation, en tout ou en partie, du contenu à des fins commerciales est interdite sans l'autorisation écrite préalable du MDNM. Une reproduction jugée importante comprend la reproduction de toute illustration ou figure comme les graphiques, les diagrammes, les cartes, etc. L'utilisation commerciale comprend la distribution du contenu à des fins commerciales, la reproduction de copies multiples du contenu à des fins commerciales ou non, l'utilisation du contenu dans des publications commerciales et la création de produits à valeur ajoutée à l'aide du contenu. Renseignements :
POUR PLUS DE RENSEIGNEMENTS SUR VEUILLEZ VOUS
ADRESSER À : PAR TÉLÉPHONE : PAR COURRIEL :
la reproduction du contenu
Services de publication du MDNM
Local : (705) 670-5691 Numéro sans frais : 1 888 415-9845,
poste 5691 (au Canada et aux États-Unis)
l'achat des publications du MDNM
Vente de publications du MDNM
Local : (705) 670-5691 Numéro sans frais : 1 888 415-9845,
poste 5691 (au Canada et aux États-Unis)
les droits d'auteurs de la Couronne
Imprimeur de la Reine
Local : 416 326-2678 Numéro sans frais : 1 800 668-9938
(au Canada et aux États-Unis)
OMNR-DM 1976
Ontario
Ministry ofNaturalResources
Hon. Leo Bernier Minister
Dr. J. K. Reynolds Deputy Minister
DIVISION OF MINES
GEOLOGICAL BRANCH
Open File Report
5218
Resources of Construction Aggregate
in the
Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton
by
E.V. Sado and M.A. Vos
1976
Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given to the Division of Mines. It is recommended that reference to this report should be made in the following form:
Sado, E.V. and Vos, M.A.1976: Resources of Construction Aggregate in the Regional
Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton, Ontario; Ontario Div. Mines, OFR5218, 74p., 2 tables, 2 appendix, 4 maps, scale 1:25,000, l map, scale 1:100,000, /sef,
OPEN FILE REPORTS
Open file reports are made available to the public subject to certain conditions. Anyone using them shall be deemed to have agreed to these conditions which are as follows:
This report is udedited. Discrepancies may occur for which the Division does not assume liability.
Open file copies may be read at the following places:
Mines Library, (Room W1603, Whitney Block), Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Parliament Buildings, toronto.
The office of the Resident or Regional Geologist in whose district the area covered by this report is located
A report cannot be taken out of these offices. Handwritten notes and sketches may be made from it. This particular report is on file in the Regional or Resident Geologist;s office located at:
South Boundary Road Kemptville, Ontario KOG 1JO
Open file reports cannot be handed out for office reading until a card, giving the name and address of the applicant, is filed with the Regional or Resident Geologist or Librarian.
A copy of this, report is available for inter-library loan.
The Division cannot supply photocopies. Arrangements may be made for photocopying by an outside firm at the user's expense. The Librarian or Regional or Resident Geologist will supply information about these arrangements.
The right to reproduce this report is reserved by the Division of Mines. Permission for other reproduction must be obtained in writing from the Director, Geological Branch.
E.G. Pye,Director, Geological Branch
RESOURCES OF CONSTRUCTION AGGREGATE IN THE REGIONAL
MUNICIPALITY OF OTTAWA-CARLETON
by
E. V. Sado1 and M. A. Vos -
Resource Geologist, Phanerozoic Geology Section, Geological Branch, Ontario Division of .Mines.
2Geologist, Mineral Deposits Section, Geological Branch, OntarioDivision of Mines.Manuscript approved for publication by the Acting Chief, PhanerozoicGeology Section, November 19, 1976.This report is published by permission of E.G. Pye, Director,Geological Branch, Ontario Division of Mines.
CONTENTS
Introduction
SECTION I ~ BEDROCK RESOURCES
Summary 3Geology of Paleozoic Formation 3
Beekmantown Dolomite 5Black River - Trenton Limestone 6
Potential Reserves of Bedrock Aggregate 8Mineral Reserve Areas 13Conclusion 14Appendix 15Selected References 17
SECTION II ~ QUATERNARY RESOURCES
Summary 13-19Method
Office Work 20-21 Field Work 21-22
Quaternary History of the Regional Municipality 23-24
Location and Characteristics of AggregateReserve Areas
Ice-Contact Deposits 25-26 Marine Beach and Bar Deposits 27 Estuarine and River Channel Deposits 27
Cumberland Township - 2#Fitzroy Township 29Gloucester Township 30-31 Goulbourn Township - 32Huntley Township 33March Township 34Marlborough Township 35Nepean Township 36-37North Gower Township 3#Osgoode Township 39-40 Torbolton Township . 41Conclusions 42
Gravel and Sand Pit Locations Within the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton 43-57
2 ~
CONTENTS....cont f d. -l
Aggregate Tonnages for Eleven Townships Withinthe Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton 5#-69
Total Quaternary Aggregate Resources Within , the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton 70 l
Economic Quaternary Aggregate Resources Withinthe Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton .71
Selected References 72-74
Map of Quarries and Bedrock Resources(after Maps #52A and 1363A) in pocket
Maps of Aggregate Reserve Areas WithinGloucester, Osgoode, North Gower and NepeanTownships Scale 1:25,000 -to acco^^ [
x ' -J lr&por-L. j
Map of Quaternary Aggregate Reserve AreasScale 1:50,000 to accompany j
report i
i
L
SECTION I
BEDROCK RESOURCES
Introduction
"The Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton occupies a
triangular shaped area of approximately 1100 square miles*
The triangular area has its base along the Ottawa River, from
Arnprior in the west to Rockland in the east and its apex on
the Rideau River, halfway between Kemptville and Smiths Falls.
The population of this area in 1971 was 471,931- More than
300,000 people or 64^ were living in Ottawa City.
The area of Ottawa-Carleton is underlain by Precambrian,
Paleozoic and Quaternary rock formations. Precambrian
bedrock underlying a 4~mile wide strip of land stretching 22
miles east-southeast of Arnprior has little potential as a
source of construction aggregates and will not be considered
in the present survey.
Paleozoic bedrock underlying a large part of the area
is an important resource of construction aggregate. Its
character and availability determine the potential supply of
construction aggregate from bedrock resources. Bedrock
resources are discussed in Section I of this report.
Surface deposits of Pleistocene and recent sands and
gravels complement the supply of construction aggregates.
Although historically a primary source of aggregate their
depletion will necessarily emphasize more and more the
importance of bedrock resources in the future. Sand and
gravel will be discussed under Quaternary deposits in
Section II.
2
The present survey does not include resources of clay,
shale, lime and building stone. Brick is produced from
shale deposits in the northwest part of Russell Township.
The deposits extend into adjacent areas of the Regional
Municipality. Nepean sandstone has been quarried extensively
in the past for production of building stone. Lime is
produced from marble in Ramsey Township just west of the
study area. Production from these resources constitutes a
minor part of the total mineral raw materials consumed in
the construction industry.
3 ~
SUMMARY
A survey of resources of construction aggregates,
Undertaken upon request of planning officials of the
Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton, was made in two
parts. Section I is concerned with reserves from bedrock
formations. A tonnage figure for these reserves is based
on the area of suitable geologic formations occurring at,
or within 25 feet of, the surface and an assumed average
quarry depth of 60 feet.
The survey shows that there is an adequate supply of
raw materials available and that proposed provisions will
secure a supply of potential reserves sufficient for at
least 200 years at present rate of population growth and
aggregate consumption.
Geology of Paleozoic Formations
Paleozoic Formations of the Ofctawa-Carleton area
include dolomites, limestones and shales of the Ordovician
Period underlain in some areas by sandstones of Ordovician
or possibly Cambrian age. The following compilation is
given in the legend of Geological Map No. 85 2A of the
Ottawa-Cornwall area by Wilson (1946):
- 4 -
Table I
ORDOVICIAN
RICHMOND
QUEENSTON FORlylATION: red shaleRUSSELL FORMATION: interbedded grey shaleand dolomite
DUNDAS-LORRAINE
CARLSBAD FORMATION: grey shale, sandy shale, some dolomite layers
COLLINGWOOD AND GLOUCESTER
BILLINGS FORMATION: black shale; minor brown shale
EASTVIEW FORMATION: dark grey limestone with shale bands
o BLACK RIVER AND TRENTONM Og OTTAWA FORMATION: chiefly grey limestone, ^ some dolomite, shale and sandstone in the gj lower part; 7a, Pamelia beds: limestone,
dolomite, shale and thin-bedded sandstone;7b, Lowville beds: chiefly shaley limestone;7c, Leray beds: limestone; 7d, Rocklandbeds: limestone; 7e, Hull beds: limestone;7f, Sherman Fall beds: thin-beddedlimestone with some shaly partings; 7g,Cobourg beds: limestone
CHAZY
ST. MARTIN FORMATION: limestone, minor shale and dolomite
ROCKCLIFFE FORMATION: grey-green shale with lenses of grey sandstone
- 5 -
BEEKMANTOWN
OXFORD FORMATION: grey limestone, magnesian limestone, and dolomite
MARCH FORMATION: interbedded grey calcareous sandstone and blue-grey dolomite
CAMBRIAN OR ORDOVICIAN
NEPEAN FORMATION; sandstone
M Crystalline limestone, quartzite, and gneiss Q of the Grenville series intruded by granite, ^ syenite, and other rocks o
Successful operations for the production of aggregate are
conducted in -two groups of rocks, the Beekmantown Dolomites and
the Black River Trenton Limestones.
Beekmantown Dolomite
A major quarry area is located east of highway 31
approximately 5 to 5^ miles southeast of the Ottawa city limits,
Quarries are operated by Armstrong Brothers Company Limited,
Dibblee Construction Company Limited and Bertrand and Frere
Construction Company Limited in lots 24, 25 and 27, Concession
V, South Gloucester Township. Production is from the Oxford
Formation of the Beekmantown Dolomite which, in this area, is
- 6 -
quarried to a depth of 30 to 50 feet.
A geological section (Map &52A) running north-south
through the area indicates a thickness of Beekmantown Dolomite
of more than 100 feet. However, irregularities in the
topography of the underlying Precambrian surface and of the
present erosion surface in areas of outcrop are likely to
detract from the expected maximum thickness and for calculation
of reserves 60 feet is assumed to be a realistic value for the
average thickness of quarriable Beekmantown Dolomite.
Care must be taken in planning of quarries in the western
part of the region. The Oxford Formation is here much thinner
and near Arnprior it directly overlies the Precambrian, making
it more susceptible to changes in thickness as well as quality.
The Oxford and March Formations are here mapped as one unit by
Livingstone et. al. (Map 1363A) under the heading: brown silty
dolomite; minor grey sandstone in basal units.
Present operations produce both concrete and asphalt
aggregate from Oxford Dolomite. The dolomite has a higher
specific gravity than the limestones of the Ottawa Formation.
Black River - Trenton Limestone
Mid-Ordovician limestones in the Ottawa area equivalent
to Black River-Trenton Limestones elsewhere, are classified as
- 7 -
Ottawa Formation by Wilson (Map &52A). The Ottawa Formation
is subdivided into 7 units. The Formation is 700 feet thick,
in.Ottawa as well as Montreal, but it is probably thinner
towards the northwest near Arnprior.
Present quarries produce from the lower units of the
Ottawa Formation only. An abandoned quarry in Eastview,
within Ottawa City Limits, formerly produced from Hull beds
equivalent to Lower Trenton (Hewitt, I960, p.#0). These
beds contain massive bedded, pure limestones which in Hull
are quarried by Canada Cement Lafarge Limited for production
of cement.
Two areas of Black River limestone near Ottawa support
large quarries for production of aggregate. One quarry is
located in lots 12 - 14, Concession II,Gi oucester Township,
2-J- miles east of the city limits and south of highway 17-
Opportunity for expansion of operations in this area is
limited by the amount of overburden and by competing land uses,
The second area stretches east of Fallowfield where
Middle Black River Limestone is exposed in lots 20 - 24,
Concession IV and lots 23 - 26, Concession V, Nepean Township.
North of this area faulting has brought older sandstones and
dolomites of the March Formation near surface. No production
is reported from these deposits. In directions south of the
fault increasing overburden limits expansion of existing
quarries.
- s -
Quarries in the Fallowfield area have reached a depth
of approximately 60 feet.
Potential Reserves of Bedrock Aggregate
The following calculations attempt to evaluate the
potential reserves of bedrock aggregate in the Regional
Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton. The determination of actual
reserves would involve quality testing of material over large
areas.
Potential reserves are here defined as the volume of
bedrock in geologically favourable formations accessible under
present quarry practices. It is assumed that in favourable
areas quarries will reach an average depth of 60 feet and that
overburden in access of 25 feet rules out the opening of
new quarries locally. Not considered is the fortuitous
coincidence of aggregate potential in bedrock formations and
surficial deposits alike, in areas of more than 25 feet of
overburden.
Potential resources rather than reserves would include
granite and shale, as possible sources of aggregate and
lightweight aggregate respectively.
Information on favourable bedrock formations is
available from existing quarry operations and from geological
maps and reports. The Black River and Trenton Limestone
equivalents have been combined for calculation purposes since
9 ~
existing maps, particularly of the Arnprior area, do not allow
separate treatment of the individual units* A tentative
.distinction suggestS:that approximately 35^ of the total area"
of Black River-Trenton deposits is occupied by the less
favourable Trenton Limestones (Units 7 d,e,f,g).
In the present calculations deposits within the Ottawa
City Limits have been excluded. Elsewhere deposits underlying
residential developments, e.g. south of Orleans and east of
Stittsville, or institutional grounds e.g. the Animal Research
Institute southeast of Bells Corners and the terrain of the
Department of National Defence in the northwest corner of
Nepean and adjacent area in March Townships, may have to be
excluded also.
In order to convert volume into tonnage an average
specific gravity of 2.75 was assumed for Beekmantown Dolomite
and 2.70 for Black River-Trenton Limestones.
The following areas in order of Townships from north to
south and east to west are considered:
- 10 ~
en d)
cr en
en
d O4Jd d) Vi H i
d)
SOcd
PQ
en
> d)3 Ocr ctd) Vi
o u d d) Vi H
Oen*in
vO
00o
CM00
00o
00
*
vf
in o oo CM
*
CO
d)Vicd
oQ
o4Jdcd
d) d)pq
o o
*
VO
O vO vD i-l
vO
*r^.
st vD O vO st OJ'sT o* in en co coCO in OJ CTk r-l O
r-l t-l r-l
CM
COin
d)cd
cr * cr * cd p cu P* P o
d) H d) H O* CO d dO TJ O TJ d TJN-' d^ d o d
cd co o cden rH w rH dd Vi d Vi co ecd d) cd d) Vi fid) ,Q d) ,Q
o o
en
d) d H O
en d) dfi OVi -PVi encO d
d) d)o
or-l
cO O•u d) d)
fi d)>TJ
r-l O d) O
00en
cd O
4Jiw en O d)
d) O O jC 4-) 4J IW
O d) 4J d) p OVi en S O
4J O d) en 4Jen ^ iw end) (w o td cd^ O *# d)
4J 4J U 4J 4J 4Jp en en p Vi V*O cd cd O O Oen d) d) en d dcd cd cd cd cd cdd) d) d) d) d) d)4 i \ t C^ i ^j Cj C a
cd cd cd cd co co
cO o T) d) iw
CO
* *
COGH^g
*crCO
d HcdGVicd
t
4-)CO^4
do
OJdoViHI
ViO>t-J
pij^oGt-l
d H
4JdG X-N.
r-f CO ^ !cd ^J .> GT! ^^J ocr ccG Vi
rQ
d oo loon0 *-U CO |CO||doVi
EH
pq
*r-!OP
C
O udcder*GGW.
00 O O 00CM rH r^ O
* * * *
m -^ orH CM
Pi P,CO -H -WVi jC JCG CO COd d dVi -O ^ ^od o oO cd EH Hs~**co ,d co iw ^w
iH O P* O Or-4 Vi *^ PL.G cd .d cd Vi Vi -Hpq ^ co G G G jC
d Vi d d coiw d ^ cd Vi Vi d
P- O -H O O O ^n-l H TJ O O OX Jd ^ r-l EH
CO U r-l d G 4J Ud ^JrHVl-HCOCO Vi^ OCd^iWGCD GO W^O^^^ ^H 4J rO O X J2 O
cd Vi r-1 i-l JJ -P O d G cd O .-l Vi Pcd Vi p*o cd o o xJG qj^-' p^ d W 4JP* ViO S~\ X-XX*^X-N O 'Z5 CC ^Q 0 'd ^
X~N X-X
*tf m
X*"N ^""vCTv ONin LO
* *CM CM^x ^x
O VO vOO CO CO
* * *
VO O ^Ot-l r-l
oo* sT
d- lo^ . vO ^ JO
* * * j *
r-4 CO KJ-
(-5 1CM
1*
*^
r-l
P* d gf* J^
w ^ cd - CD ,d G r-J ^^ CD ^'O cd0 Vi cd 0 t-l
EH O pq 0rs CD
G^JcdAG
2dcd
IW G CD 1 d 0 4Jo o o d -H d
d d -w ,Q cd^ cd cd rQ o 4J
COdO
Vi 4J 4J O Vi 10 Ocd co to vi d d
'O d d d 3 od p* o o 2 P oP -H O O Q
COdr-t
o .d iw iw x),a w iw m m o o
d o o o pu p ^ .d -w jdCO O4J4J-P4J Jd4-lCD EH cococoVi co Vi^ cd CD G) 0 ^0
d G ^ ^ d 3 cCO O Od u cdcdcdcd H cdO r-l G G G G G -I O Vi Vi Vi Vi jCVicd rO cdcdcdcd o cd
Vi Vi^~\ O X^\ X~N X^N X*^v Cd S~**S
cd EH cdrQO'O ^ cd.
x-^ x-^vo . r^
d2oViVi^JCO
cd GVicd-s
a
9 *
COCD
r-4i-lg
*crCO
d
cdCD Vicd
4JCOt ~\
do4JdCDViHl
ViCD^i-lC*
,J^Ocd
r-l
W
I-l
aco
4-J
cd
CDCD
PQ
S ^ ^i r-l /^X X-N
4J cr* c^d *CD ^ CM CMr-l CO N-X x-x |cd 4J> CD
45 X^ ocr cdCD Vi
,Q o in o CM i^d O CM 00 CT* ONo * *4J ^- OO COd rHCDJ-JHv.^
0 0in inCM CM
i-i dVi O4J jd
0
*
CMN-X
o 1
00m 1
^1CO 1
CDr-lr-l1-1
CO4J4J l
1
wd 4-* -H o
H o? cdH) Vi i 1 L4
O 3 co iw cdjD O Cd O JEJVi ,n ocd Vi jd 4J iwffi cd 4J co o
ffi Vi cd^ O CD 4Jo J^ d d jz coVi O Vi 4J CDN Vi 3 Vi 3 ^4J N ,Q CD O ,Ci-4 4J d > CO 4Jpt| fi 1-1 ij 3
pt| ^ P5 *d Opu iw d co H O M-4 IW Pi CdX o o Vi d ^co 43 cd o jd Vid 4J -U 4J O ,d 4J Vi3 Vi co co 4J 0 cdO OCdCDdcdO^H dCD^oVicocr
cd^ cdcdcdcdScdcDO CD (D CD CD CD dVi ViViViViiWViON cd cd cd cd o cd ^-^4J
p., cd rO o 'd CD
4JCO 4J
1 COd CDo
JT\4JcdVi
s
cd coS CD
r-liw *H0 64J r-
PH CO r1-4 CD
-4
^CO JC Vi6 **
O O
U s~^
s^H co cr CD
V,
^ cd CD V*CD CD d O
rH Vi O O4J Cd vd
Sin cd
~s
m o
*oo
ooCM
*
o
ovO
*00
00oo
*
00
ViCD
IW 4-1O CO
d4J 0
s txO
*d d4J i-lri *oo 3CO r-l
P, 01-4 -d d42 d ^
CO Cdd CD1^ jd I IO 4J r-l
C j* ^"J *- I
o ^d co coVi 4J^J Cd 4JO CD i-4
rQ Vi 4Jr-l Cd COjjO '-No cd
or-l
CM CMm in
CM CM
CDr-lr-4i-l
CO4J Vi4J CDT4 >
CO 2
iw ^o o
04J J-,COcd CDo .d
\ 1*dd iw
x~\ cd oCOCD JCI 4d r4 4J 4JVi Vi 0Vi 0 0cd d cocr cd cd
CD CDCM Vi ViN^ cd cd
x**\x-x
rP O
oCM
CO
ViCD^
S!3cdCD*dSCD
tcj4J
P. iwi-l O
CO 4-1d co^ CDo ^H 4^
JC ViW) O^ d0Vi cdO CD
,Q Vir-l CdVicd x-s,
JE! cd
t-ir-4
- 13 -
Total potential reserves are: . . . ;
Beekmantown Black River-Trenton Trenton
- . - Dolomite . Limestone Equivalent
area in sq. m.: 221.52 163.30 (57.35)
average s.g.: 2.75 2.70
tonnage: 31-3 billion 23 billion (8.08 billion)
TOTAL 31.S * 23 billion ^ 54* # billion tons.
Mineral Reserve Areas
In the draft plan for the region certain areas have been
allocated as mineral reserve areas. They include the Francon
Quarry area, an area southwest of Sarsfield, three areas north,
southwest and east of Greely, the Fallowfield area, an area
southwest of Bells Corners, an area south and west of
Stittsville and an area north of Fitzroy Harbour. It is
estimated that those areas combined consist of approximately
32 square miles of Beekmantown Dolomite and 28 square miles
of Black River-Trenton Limestones of which about 5-5 square
miles represent the Trenton equivalent. These potential
reserves amount to 4-6 billion ton of Beekmantown Dolomite and 4
billion ton of Black River-Trenton Limestone of which
approximately 750,000,000 ton consist of the Trenton
equivalent.
If, in a period of 30 years, the population of the area
increases to l million as suggested by the Draft Report for
the Region and use of aggregates amounts to 20 ton per
- 14 -
capita, a figure comparable to figures used in the Proctor,
Redfern Report, then the annual consumption of aggregates
would be 20 million ton or approximately ^fo of present
potential reserves of bedrock in mineral reserve areas.
Conclusion
The Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton is
blessed with ample resources of Bedrock aggregate. A
calculation of potential reserves indicates a total of 54*#
billion tons accessible with present quarrying techniques.
Availability of S.6 billion tons or approximately 154^ of
this supply in mineral reserve areas, according to the draft
plan for the region, will secure an adequate potential supply
of construction aggregates from bedrock resources alone for
approximately the next 200 years at present rates of growth.
~ 15 -
APPENDIX
The capability of limestone and dolomite formations
as a source of aggregate'depends on the quality of the stone.
Approval according to specifications issued by the Ministry
of Transportation and Communications determines the range of
products to be obtained from a single quarry operation.
Important physical parameters for concrete and asphalt
aggregate are magnesium sulphate soundness, hardness,
absorption characteristics and petrographic rating.
Comparison of test results of samples from different
quarries in the Regional Municipality does not conclusively
show a difference in the quality of the rock types concerned.
Results of tests of 14 samples from 4 quarries in Beekmantown
Dolomite and 21 samples from 6 quarries in Black River-Trenton
Limestone show that little difference exists in the results
of magnesium sulphate soundness and hardness tests except
that a wider spread of hardnesses is found in the dolomites,
whereas results of magnesium sulphate soundness tests are
less consistent in the limestones. Both formations produce
a large percentage of stone of satisfactory petrographic
characteristics, favouring Beekmantown Dolomite for
production of concrete aggregate.
The majority of samples show resistance to loss due to
absorption, although here the percentage of samples meeting
the more stringent specifications for asphalt aggregate is
higher in the Black River-Trenton Limestones.
- 16 -
There are no test results at hand for comparison of other
rock formations, but it is logical to assume that presently
successful quarry operations have been established in the
most favourable rock types.
- 17 -
Selected References
Hewitt, D.F.,1960: The Limestone Industries of Ontario; O.D.M.,
Industrial Mineral Circular No. 5.
Livingstone, K.W., P.A. Hill and others,1974: Map 1363A, Geology, Arnprior, Ontario;
G.S.C., Ottawa.
Wilson, A.E.,1964 Geology of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland,
Ontario and Quebec; G.S.C., Memoir 241.
Wilson, A.E.,1946: Map 852A, Ottawa-Cornwall; Canada Department
of Mines and Resources, Ottawa.
Draft Report -1974: Official Plan for the Regional Municipality
of Ottawa-Carleton.
Drift Thickness - Unpublished information from Ontario WaterResources Division, Ministry of the Environment, Toronto.
Mineral Aggregate Study of the Central Ontario Planning Region - Proctor, Redfern Limited, March 1974.
Rock properties in the Ottawa Area - information received from Materials Testing Office, Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communi cations.
Section II
Quaternary Resources
Summary
The consumption of Quaternary gravel is increasing
with the construction industry's demand for cheap aggregate.
Paleozoic limestones and dolostones provide a higher priced
but quality controlled alternative. Pleistocene and Recent
sands and gravels are utilized mainly in pit run form,
specialized processing taking place within coarser deposits.
Road networks have stimulated cultural build up
along prominent reserve areas. The recently introduced
Mineral Resource Policy within the region will hold cultural
development until after favourable reserve areas are exploited,
For the purposes of this study the areal extent of
favourable Quaternary gravel deposits was calculated. Water
well log data provided depth estimates. Field studies of
existing exposures, local topographic and geologic features
were undertaken to assess the continuity and distribution
of underlying materials.
Aggregate potential is contained within ice-contact
ridges, marine strand lines, and fresh water, estuarine and
river channel deposits. Ice-contact materials were further
subdivided into three aggregate probability ratings. Large
reserves of marine, fresh water and eolian sands were outlined
but not calculated within this study.
Sand reserves within the region are plentiful, gravel
~ 19 -
reserves are in short supply and must be carefully managed
to ensure maximum utilization.
- 20 -
Method
Office Work
Township base maps were prepared from the National
Topographic Map Series at a scale of 1:50,000. The areas
and locations of granular materials were obtained from yet
unpublished Surficial Geology Maps prepared by Henry Richard
of the Geological Survey of Canada. Water well logs obtained
from the Ministry of the Environment supplied useful informa
tion on subsurface materials. The locations of sand and
gravel pits within the region were obtained from records at
the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Downsview,
Ontario.
The area of favourable gravel bearing units was
calculated using a compensating polar planimeter. Thickness
estimates relied heavily upon the existing pit depths and
to a lesser degree on the inferred ground water table and
well log data.
It was assumed that an area of one acre at a depth
of one foot contained 2,420 tons of material. Thus a one
acre area containing an average ten foot thickness of sand
and gravel would contain 2,420 tons/one acre foot x 10 feet
of sand and gravel or 24,200 tons of sand and gravel per acre.
Corrective compensation for areas already extracted
and areas tied into cultural features and set backs was
applied to each deposit. These corrections were derived
- 21 ~
from field data and airphoto interpretation. A pictorial re
presentation of the areas deleted is available at a scale of
1:25,000 for the large ice-contact aggregate reserve areas
contained within Gloucester, Osgoode, Nepean and North
Gower Townships. The data is presented in table form tind is
TO be -jOCCr^Cf in ~t,he
Field Work
Available exposures such as sand and gravel pits,
road cuts, cultural excavations, surficial materials and
test pits were examined in estimating the quality, continuity
and thickness of the underlying materials. Local topography
and geology were also considered.
Gravel bearing deposits were found within ice-contact
materials, marine beach and bar complexes and estuarine and
river channel deposits. Ice-contact materials were difficult
to evaluate. Estimates of the probable gravel content within
ice-contact features were based upon existing pit exposures.
Areas of high ( ^ 35 percent gravel), medium ( < 35 percent
but > 15 percent gravel) and low ( ^15 percent gravel)
probabilities were outlined on this basis.
It must be stressed that these are only probable
reserves for which tonnage and grade values were computed
partly from specific measurements and partly from projection
for a reasonable distance on geological evidence. The
- 22 -
reliability of these probable reserves is directly related
to the number of exposures and well log data. In many sites
inspection and measurement was to widely, or otherwise in
appropriately spaced to outline the materials completely or
to establish it's grade throughout. Because gravel pits are
always located within the most favourable potential areas,
inspection and measurement of these exposures will automatically
bias the estimation of the surrounding reserves.
- 23 -
During Pleistocene time the region was invaded by
several ice -sheets advancing from the north. The pre-glacial
land surface was modified by glacial erosion and the subsequent
deposition of glacial till and other sediments* Well rounded,
sorted and bedded glacial gravels, and sands were deposited•~- 1 .along stagnant ice margins in the form of morainic ice-
contact materials.
The weight of the advancing ice had depressed the
area to below sea level, as the ice melted back the sea
entered the Ottawa valley. In this sea, known as the
Champlain Sea, thick deposits of sand, silt and clay were
laid down. The gradual uplift (isostatic rebound) of the
area caused the land surface to emerge out of the sea.
Along it's shores and in shoals developed during it's
recession, the Champlain Sea developed gravel beaches from
glacial materials exposed to wave action, and shingle
beaches from easily eroded local bedrock exposures. The
glacial till surface was thus modified and in places up
to 10 feet of coarse, poorly sorted lag gravels lie upon
and grade downward into bedrock, till, or ice-contact materials.
Marine sands were commonly deposited along the western flanks
of the ice-contact ridges.
Large volumes of silt laden fresh water released
from the Upper Great Lakes through the Fossmill and North
- 24 ~
Mattawa Outlets discharged down through the Ottawa Valley.
Broad ancestral channels of the present day Ottawa River were
formed and contain deposits of alluvial sands.
Marine and fresh water sands, were reworked by wind
action from the north west during a short period of arid post
glacial climate. Eolian sand dunes were formed primarily within
eastern Gloucester Township and south central Cumberland Township.
LOCATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGREGATE . . RESERVE AREAS
The Quaternary aggregate potential within the region
is largely contained within morainic accumulations of ice-
contact materials; the balance occurs along marine beach and
bar deposits and fresh water estuarine and river channel
deposits*
Ice-Contact Deposits:
Economically viable Quaternary aggregate is concen
trated along four morainic ridges. Large reserves are
contained in two deposits south of Ottawa. They are oriented
sub-parallel to and on either side of the Rideau River.
A prime deposit, one mile east of Twin Elm is
centered in Nepean Township south of the Jock River. Abrupt
changes in the size, sorting and roundness of materials
occur. South-east of this mass, a long, narrow ridge extends
along Greenbank Road through Watterson Corners ending south
of Kars in North Gower Township. Locally called the "Kars
Esker" it is more likely a continuation of morainic materials.
Well sorted and rounded very coarse gravels predominate along
it's core; these are flanked by clean sands and fossiliferous
gravelly sand beaches.
Southward from Uplands Airport, in Gloucester Township,
a ridge of outwash with minor ice-contact material extends
- 26 -
to Greely in Osgoode Township, then continues south through
Herbert Corners, West Osgoode and Reids Mills, entering Mountain
Township in Dundas County. Well rounded, sorted and bedded
boulders, cobbles and fine gravels are concentrated within
sand materials. The beds wedge out laterally and/or longitudinaly
due to facies changes, slumpage and cut and fill structures.
Outwash materials are commonly masked by fossiliferous silts,
sands and gravels of marine beach origin. The sedimentary
pattern is such that local concentrations of boulders and
cobbles occur in pockets within gravelly sand materials.
Small and scattered deposits of aggregate in
Cumberland Township extend from Sarsfield south to Bearbrook.
Coarse aggregate is flanked and in places capped by silty
fine to fine sands. A small gravel deposit lies one mile
north of and between Navan and Sarsfield. Coarse aggregate
potential is highest within topographically elevated areas.
Marine sands and gravels occur about the peripheries.
A morainic sand ridge begins two miles south of Carp
and extends approximately 10 miles to the south beneath the
route of Highway 5* Poorly sorted, bedded and subrounded
gravelly sands are concentrated within the Stanley Corners
segment. Northward, gravelly sands have been sterilized by
urban proliferation.
Marine Beach and Bar Deposits:
Beach and Bar deposits, attributed to the Champlain
Sea, occur in all the townships studied. They are concentrated
in Marlborough, Goulbourn and Huntley Townships. Glacial
materials and local bedrock, exposed to wave action during
the recession of the sea developed gravelly sand beaches
and shingle beaches respectively. Prominent ground moraine
features, notably drumlinoid ridges, were modified to the
extent that up to 10 feet of coarse poorly sorted lag gravels
lie upon and grade downward into the underlying till. They
usually average a 3 foot thickness. Thin shingle beaches
developed upon exposed bedrock surfaces, average - a thickness
of l foot in Marlborough Township they thicken to between l
and B feet further north.
These sometimes fossiliferous marine beach deposits
occur between 325 and 6?5 feet present elevation (Gadd, 1963).
Below 325 feet A.S.L. fresh water sands were deposited along
ancestral channels of the Ottawa River.
Estuarine and River Channel Deposits:
Gravel bearing estuarine sands occur at the mouth
of the Mississippi River in Fitzroy Township. Remaining
deposits, concentrated along the Constance Creek and Mer Bleue
Lowlands, contain negligable amounts of fine gravel.
~ 28 -
Climb e ri and Township
Several small bodies of ice-contact material lie in
Cumberland Township. Local concentrations of well rounded,
sorted and bedded cobbles and fine gravels are contained
within sandier materials. Fossiliferous fine gravelly sand
beds are present along the flanks. Two pit run and crusher
run operations, C-5 and R9-24, supply local aggregate needs,
several other pits become activated as demand and quality
dictates.
Marine, fresh water and eolian sands cover a large
area within the township. Many haphazardly located, poorly
worked sand borrow pits lie abandoned and overgrown within
this area. It is recommended that several reserve areas be
set aside to meet this demand. The rehabilitation of aban
doned pits would be of benefit to the surrounding landscape.
Wave action has reworked local Queenston Shale bedrock
south-west of Vars. Thin, poor quality gravels have resulted.
A large borrow pit was opened for Highway 417 on Lots 27 and
2#, Concession B within this deposit. Rehabilitation on this
abandoned site is needed.
Excluding large scale local demands, such as for
Highway 417, this agricultural area has adequate aggregate
reserves for the future.
- 29 ~
Gravel bearing deposits of marine beach and fresh
water estuarine and river channel origin are present here.
A probable 100,000 tons of fine gravel remains along a 3
foot deep beach deposit south of Antrim on Highv/ay 17. Nine
abandoned pits here have removed most of the flaggy local
limestones.
Abandoned marine strand lines mask an ice-contact
deposit within Lots 17, 1& and 19, Concession 6. One pit
is active on demand within it, another lies abandoned.
Units A and B contain sand materials with some
gravels. They are found within fresh water estuarine and
river channel deposits at the mouth of the Mississippi River.
Several deep pits have developed, only two remain in pro
duction, A5-& and A5-11.
A mine tailings dump, (Kingdon Mine ), on Morris
Island, Lot 23, Concession 6, produces calcite chips,
(4-lOmm), for ornamental driveway and rock garden uses.
The calcite is a by-product of lead zinc mining within
two calcite veins cutting a Precambrian, marble host rock.
- 30 -
Gloucester Township
An elevated outwash-ice-contact deposit here is
characterized by well rounded, sorted and bedded sands and
gravels. Gently dipping beds contain foreset, and cut and fill
structures; these are frequently dissected by channel cuts and
truncated along slump faults. Abandoned marine strandlines mask
the tops and sides with fossiliferous beds of silt, sand and
fine gravel.
Uplands International Airport and features such as
racetracks, highways, power lines, residential properties,
etc., have neutralized the probability of extracting several .
hundred million tons of sand and gravel. Well logs imply
a thickness exceeding one hundred feet of fine aggregate
within this culturally sterilized zone. The coarse aggregate
potential increases to the south-east. Pit sections within
Unit A, commonly exceed 20 feet of bouldery" and cobbly gravels.
The extractable gravel thickness here is governed by the
topographic elevation and the static ground water level.
An estimated 70 percent of Unit A, has been extracted to
an average depth of 25 feet. Excavations below this datum
penetrate the ground water table. Substantial tonnages of
coarse aggregate are known to exist below this level, in
places 50 feet or more. Removal of this material would
ultimately lower the ground water table in the immediate area
and possibly admit contamination into the water system (as
- 31 -
this is a ground water recharge area).
Units B and C, isolated from the main outwash mass
have largely been exploited; encroachment by cultural develop
ment makes future extraction unlikely. The two remaining
beach deposits have already been diverted to other uses.
The five active pits within this area are all operated
by major producers. Spratt Sand and Gravel maintains a
large semi-permanent processing plant on Lots 29 and 30,
Concession 4*
Several sand pits are found within the alluvial and
eolian sands in eastern Gloucester Township. They are largely
small, abandoned and overgrown as discussed in Cumberland
Township.
- 32 -
Goulbourn Township
Economic reserves of Quaternary gravel are found within
an ice-contact ridge extending south from within Huntley Township,
along the route of Highway 5, through Stittsville and south
of Stanley Corners. Rural and urban proliferation along this
route has frozen the reserves in Units B and C.
Unit A, centered on Stanley Corners, contains poorly
sorted and bedded medium to fine aggregate. Several abandoned
pits occur along the roadside. Extraction is limited to two
pits, GL-5 and GL-6, within Lot 22, Concession 7. They do
not appear on MTC records. ...
Marine beach complexes contain numerous and widely
scattered pits, either abandoned or active on demand. These
deposits are identical to similar deposits described in
Marlborough Township. Beaches here are thicker than those
in Marlborough Township.
An average thickness has been assigned to each deposit
from field observations. A sub-commercial deposit is located
on Lots 4, 5 and 6, Concession 1. In places more than 10 feet
of flaggy limestone has accumulated; the reserves are small.
- 33 -
Huntley Township
Quaternary coarse aggregate here occurs in a similar
manner to that discussed in Goulbourn Township immediately to the
south. Economic gravel reserves follow Highway 5 north to
within 2 miles of Carp. Sand materials predominate, pebbly
gravels have been outlined within Units Ap, B and C-, . The
gravels are contained within a sand matrix, they are poorly
bedded, sorted and subrounded. Spratt Sand and Gravel operates
a permanent processing plant at K3-9, within Unit Ap* Reserves
at this site are now nearly depleted, plans are underway to
open a limestone quarry on the pit bed. Spratt also operates
the Cowan Pit, 05-49, the only other major gravel producer
in the area. Several sand pits are being actively worked
along the west side of Highway 5 just south of the Village
of Huntley.
A proliferation of estate and subdivision housing
projects is underway in south central Huntley Township.
Several small pit operations are being developed within
local marine beach materials to supply this local demand.
- 34 -
March Township
Marginal beach deposits are present east of Constance
Lake. Poor quality gravels overlie the Rockcliffe Formation
Shales exposed along the lower limits of the Constance Creek
Lowland. The gravel improves in quality and thickness to the
east where it overlies a ridge of Black River and Trenton
limestones.
Small quantities of sand are being extracted for
local use within abandoned estuarine and river channel
deposits found along the Constance Creek Lowlands.
- 35 ~
Marlborough Tovmship
Local limestones make up shingle beaches along the
shores and shoals of the Champlain Sea. Scattered and thin
the supplies are adequate for the small local requirements in
Marlborough Township.
Beach materials here reflect the parent materials
from and on which they have been developed. Where overlying
glacial till, lag concentrates consist of sandy fine to coarse
gravels, largely composed of local limestones; precambrian
rock types are also present. Well to poorly bedded, flaggy
limestone gravels have developed over exposed limestone bedrock.
Materials are always better sorted nearest the surface, and
grade gradually downward into their respective parent materials*
Thin deposits of marine sands are found along the
Rideau River concentrated within the eastern corners of the
township.
- 36 -
Nepean Township
Gravel reserves in Nepean Township are divided into
two categories: marginal and ecomonic. Marginal reserves are
contained in beach and bar complexes of the Champlain Sea, and
consist of 2 and B feet of flaggy local rock types* Although
not commercially extractable, they are used locally.
A prominent ice-contact deposit is found l mile west
of Twin Elm, south of the Jock River. Two topographic crests,
Units B-, and B,, contain the greatest coarse aggregate
potential. Cobbly gravels and sands are poorly rounded,
sorted and bedded within Unit B-,; gravelly till-like
sediments are also found. Flaggy accumulations of local
limestone bedrock predominate along the north margin. Coarse
aggregates are plentiful in Unit B,, the gravels are well
rounded, sorted and bedded. Till-like pockets sometimes
truncate well sorted sediments. Unit B~ is a transitional
zone; pockets of cobbly gravels are contained within
well sorted and bedded sands. Finely laminated sands in
Unit Bp occasionally bear small gravel percentages. Deposit
B is flanked along its west and south margins by a marine
sand plain.
Unit A extends southward into North Gower Township.
Rounded but poorly sorted and bedded gravels are found here
within a sandy matrix.
Seven pits are active within Unit B. Burnside Sand
and Gravel, (K3-5#, K3-9& and K3-103), and Brazeau Sand and
Gravel, (K3-#2, K3-126), are the most active in the area.
The Burnside Company operates a central processing plant
within abandoned pits K3-55 and K3-59. Brazeau controls
large reserves within Unit B-, and a large tonnage of
crushable aggregate north of pit K3-9& where a 35 foot face
containing #0 percent cobbly gravels is exposed.
Thickness estimates used in calculating the probable
reserves are based on the depths of existing pits. Small
open ponds are present where operators have penetrated the
ground water table, eg K3-9&.
Scanty well log data indicates a thickness of 90
feet in places* Probable reserve estimates are restricted
to deposits above the water table.
Nepean Township has recently started a large
sanitary landfill operation within the abandoned site of
pit K3-62. The high ground water recharge potential and
porosity of such a deposit makes the storage of waste
materials here unwise.
- 33 ~
North Gower Township
Aggregate reserves are contained along a thin ice-
contact ridge trending to the south. Locally referred to
as the "Kars Esker", it is more likely an extension of the
ice-contact materials found within Nepean Township to the
north. Well rounded and sorted coarse gravels at the core,
are flanked by clean sands and fossiliferous beach materials.
A paved county road bisects this ridge, passing through
Watterson Corners and Kars. Residential developments are
rapidly spreading along this route.
Billie Construction operates two pits, K3-109 and
K3-20, north of Watterson Corners. Pit run, screened and
crushed aggregates are extracted by a portable plant. Good
quality coarse gravels occur here but the reserves are small.
Lloyd*s Cartage hauls sand sized aggregate from the Rice Pit,
K3-163; reserves here are large.
Marine beach gravels contribute small tonnages for
local use; these deposits, developed upon till material,;, are
only a few feet thick; the William's Pit, K3-36, Lot 10,
Concession l is worked along a 10 foot face.
Small, local sand pits occur within marine sand
deposits west of Watterson Corners and north along the
Rideau River in south North Gower Township.
*^ ^ 'N^ *U*
Osgoode Township
'The outwash-ice-contact body described in Gloucester
Township extends south through Osgoode Township* Thin, alternating
beds of fossiliferous silts, sands and fine gravels have
accumulated along marine strand lines. The thickness of this
material varies from a few inches to several feet overlying
the unfossiliferous outwash materials. Pit operations compete
with residential properties along a paved road traversing the
crest of the deposit. Few new pits have been opened along this
route; existing exposures are generally abandoned, shallow and
overgrown, prone to accumulating local scrap.
Fourteen pits are active within Osgoode Township.
Production, mainly of pit run, fine gravelly sands is
concentrated between the villages of South Gloucester and
Herbert Corners.
Units F and J are difficult to evaluate, the exposure
is poor and well log data inadequate. Seismic surveys may
provide valuable information as to the character of underlying
materials, their depth and the ground water level.
Back hoe excavations, based upon the above data, could be used
to spot check favourable zones.
Marine sands flank the western margin of the outwash
ridge, and follow it south into Mountain Township (Dundas
County).
~ 40 ~
Planning policies should discourage such situations
as exist in South Gloucester. A subdivision housing project
here covering one concession lot is flanked on three sidesdeep
by 30 foot^pits.
Torbolton Township
Marginal reserves of coarse aggregate are found along
a small beach deposit within Lots 21, 22 and 23, Concession
1. Largely worked out by two now abandoned operations,
probable reserves total 160,000 tons of pit run material along
a variable 2 foot thickness.
Sand reserves are widespread along eolian and estuarine
river channel deposits. Sand extracted from active on demand
pits supplies local needs.
- 42 ~
Conclusions
Deposits of Quaternary aggregate within the region
are fine textured gravelly sands, they are for the most part
uniformly graded and bedded. Pockets of coarser, poorly
sorted and till-like ice contact materials do occur.
The finer aggregate is extracted in pit run or where
larger clasts are present crusher run form. Specialized
processing is often required, especially within the coarser
ice-contact units outlined on the accompanying map in purple. -~
Abundant reserves of Paleozoic rock types in the region I
supply the specific size and quality demanding markets.
Quaternary sands and gravels are largely inferior
to a Paleozoic alternative, they are extracted however at a
fraction the cost of the latter. This cheap non-renewable natural
resource is in danger of being frozen by cultural expansion
within the Municipality. Economic gravel aggregate reserves
within .the region roughly total 7# million tons at present.
It is not probable that every gravel bearing acre will be
extracted but areas where a high gravel potential does exist
should not be wasted. (
APPENDIX
- 43 -
GRAVEL AND SAND PIT LOCATIONS
WITHIN THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY
OF OTTAWA-CARLETQN
listed per township
NOTE: Information obtained from the Ministry ofTransportation and Communications, Downsview, Ontario
TERMINOLOGY;
* Pit not listed with M.T.C.M.T.C. Ministry of Transportation and CommunicationsU.T.M. Universal Transverse MercatorName Pit name or name of owner or operatorMaterial Sand or gravel, predominant material listed firstStatus (A) abandoned (A.O.D.) Active on demand
- 44 -
PIT LOCATIONS IN
CUMBERLAND TWP.
12
3
4
5
6
7*
3
9
10
11
12
13
14
MTC
R9-4
R9-5
R9-34
R9-33
R9-35
R9-6
0-5
R9-10
R9-9
R9-21
R9-20
R9-3
R9-24
R9-12
UTM
723352
730327
731300
734239
735234
736270
734274
740264
735265
742243
743240
633323
637322
633325
NAME
Morris
Leoul
Spence
Butenschon
Coburn
Rothwell
Vial
Rothwell
Armstrong
Nadon
County
LeBlanc
Brown
LOT
4
9
13
15
16
17,13
13
19
19
23
23
6
3
7
CON.
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
4
5
5
5
7
6
6
MATERIAL
snd, grvl
snd,grvl
snd,grvl
snd , grvl
grvl
grvl , snd
grvl , snd
grvl , snd
snd , grvl
snd , grvl
snd , grvl
grvl , snd
grvl , snd
snd , grvl
STATUS
A
A.O.D.
A.O.D.
A
A.O.D.
A
Active
A
A
A
A
A.O.D.
Active
A.O.D.
NOTE; There are several sand pits developed within the
alluvial and eolian sand deposits for which there are no
records. Most are abandoned, some however supply fill
material for local uses.
- 45 -
PIT LOCATIONS IN
FITZROY TOWNSHIP
12
3456739
1011121314151617IS1920212223
MTC# ' UTM
A5-67 071202A5-25 069204A5-24 069205A5-49 063211A5-63 064210A5-37 053212A5-52 966307A5-14 963303A5-97 079203A5-22 063212A5-17 066209A5-23 060217A5-3 997299A5-72 993305A5-13 994302A5-103 9S3309A5-12 935305A5-13 054232A5-16 036296A5-43 033301A5-11 027303A5-15 022036A5-31 015311
NAME
Cavanaugh
Curry
HudsonMe C oy
StoreyGraingerPhillips
GreenHammell sM.T.C.CoultonFinerBlairStewartCarssCarss
JamesYuckDickson
DicksonRiddellWilsonRussell
LOT
3
33445
2627
3,43,4
45
222324242414
17,1313192021
CON.
33333333444444444666666
MATERIAL
grvl
grvl
snd , grvlgrvlgrvlsndsnd
snd, grvlsnd, grvlsnd , grvlsnd
snd, grvlsnd , grvlsnd, grvlsndsndsndgrvl
snd , grvl
snd , grvlsnd , grvlsnd, grvlsnd
STATUS
A
AAA
AAAAA '
A
AA
ActiveA*O.D.AAAA
A
A.O.D.Active
AA
- 46 -
PIT LOCATIONS IN
GLOUCESTER TWP.
12
3456739
10111213141516171319
MTC UTM
05-33 45620705-37 45620405-39 45620105-112 51715405-17 50115905-1 51716205-53 52214605-32 52923305-60 49421905-61 52314605-35 53014205-54 54314405-66 53713905-77 54514405-69 54213405-114 54613905-133 59330405-21 50122305-73 555294
NAME
DollarHunt ClubFosterSprattBillieDuncanM.T.C.GalowayDollarGrantDibbleeNolan PitPyperPyperQuinnSprattPerraultSprattDelaney
LOT
456
22,232121,2325226
262723292930
29,3046
16
CON.
2
2
2
3333334444444446
MATERIAL
snd
sndsndsndsndsndsnd, grvlsndgrvl , sndsnd , grvlsnd, grvlgrvlsndsnd, grvlgrvlgrvlsndsndsnd
STATUS
A
A
A
A.O.D.
Active
A
Active
A
A.O.D.
Active
Active
A
A
A
A
Active
AA ,
A
NOTE; There are several sand pits developed within the alluvial and (- eolian sand deposits for which there are no records. Located in eastern Gloucester township, most are abandoned, some supply fill material for local purposes.
PIT LOCATIONS IN
GOULBOURN TOWNSHIP
12*
3*4*
56739
10*11*12131415161713192021222324252627232930
MTC
K3-130
GIr-19
GL-13GIr-20
C4-106K3-63K3-66K3-30K3-77GL-5GL-6
K3-31K3-134K3-67CV-93C4-95K3-13K3-65K3-149K3-64K3-15K3-129K3-152C4-6
K3-12K3-107
UTM
272943
279944230944275949210935309070221013302074234056300079299079301077302075304073205007209012215020222020237047262063297031292092293033207037273094233091
K3-133 239095K3-50K3-53
226063253036
C4-96 165040
NAME
Lyng
Purdy
Patrick
GrahamJennerGraham
CathcartMulligan
CathcartEynoufMacDonaldSimpsonEmery
CrawfordHealeyCathcart
McCoy Const,
Johnson
Simpson
Garden
Morley
Bradley
McEvoy
Davidson
Lowe
LOT
5
5
561
22
521,22
1322
22
22
22
22
3456
111621
, 22
22
6
20
2122
1116,17
1
CON.
1
1
1
1
66777777773333333339999
101011
MATERIAL
grvl
grvl
grvl
grvl
grvl
grvl
grvl
sndgrvl
grvlgrvlsnd , grvlsnd, gr visnd , grvl
grvl
grvlgrvlgrvl
grvl
grvlgrvl , snd
snd, grvlsndgrvlgrvlgrvlsnd , grvlsnd, grvlsndgrvl , snd
STATUS
A.O.D.
A.O.D.
A.O.D.
A.O.D.
A
A
A
A
A
Active
Active
A.O.D.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A.O.D.
A
A.O.D.
A
A
A.O.D.
A.I
A
A
A
A
A
- 43 ~
PIT LOCATIONS IN
GOULBOURN TOWNSHIP - page 2
31323334
MTC
K3-7K3-45C4-2905-21
UTM
249107
251106
193072
245113
. NAME
JamesGrierson
McFarland
Folly
LOT
IS
19
6, 7, S19
CON.
1111
1212
MATERIAL
sndsnd
sndsnd
STATUS
A
A
AA
PIT LOCATIONS IN HUNTLEY TWP.
12
3456
7g9
1011121314151617IS192021222324252627232930
MTC UTM
A5-44 21321505-9 24314705-74 23716405-35 23113605-130 21714905-6 25513405-2 25513505-47 25014005-50 25114005-53 24714405-46 24614605-63 23914905-113 24115105-43 23615405-51 23915205-49 23115305-101 22117305-120 213177A5-104 214131A5-76 17522305-45 53429105-3 22012005-116 219130A5-33 191151A5-93 133156A5-113 175163A5-32 165116A5-45 167159A5-27 179134A5-6 153147
NAME
Gil christ
Spratt
.Black
Paul
Cox
Rothwell
Spratt
Reed
Walker
Burke
Rump
McCoy
Re db our ne
Marshall
Mulligan
Cowan
Irwin
Franc on
Deugo
Saddler
N.C.C.
Bova
Manchester
McGee
Revtor
Bayliss
Shaw
Dolan
Howie
Diblee
LOT
14
2,3
63,46,7112
2,3
3,4445556
910112121
3,44
1011
12,131314S,913
CON.
1
2
2
443333333333333333555566677
MATERIAL
snd
snd,grvlsnd,grvlsnd
snd,grvlsnd,grvlsnd
sndsndsndsndsnd
snd , grvlsnd , grvlsnd , grvlsnd , grvlsnd
snd, grvlsnd, gr vi
snd, grvlsnd, grvlgrvlgrvlsnd
sndgrvlgrvl
grvlgrvl
grvl
STATUS
A
Active
A
A
A
A
Active
Active
A
Active
Active
A
A
A
A.O.D.
Active
A.
AA -
A
A
A
A
A
A
A.O.D.
A
A
A
A
- 50 -
PIT LOCATIONS IN
HUNTLEY TWP. page 2
3132
333435363733394041424344454647434950515253
MTC UTM
A5-95 157153A5-42 147166A5-79 124191A5-70 167116A5-34 167119A5-71 165125A5-35 163130A5-91 160139A5-110 120179A5-19 113195A5-36 167111A5-5 134146A5-4 114164A5-39 107169A5-3 110170A5-23 100179A5-73 091197A5-65 039199C/K-99 130075A5-115 121134cv-io 139091A5-2 104135A5-1 097131
NAIVE
Scott
Armstrong
GreenCarterBassettBurkeHowieSprattLillieGreenCarterEganBrownBurkeRayonRyanSmithMongomeryHoustonBallardMehanCarrollDept. of Defence
LOT
141623339
101121237
15192121
22,2326261
153
1717
CON.
777333333399999999
1010111112
MATERIAL
snd
snd
grvl
grvlgrvl
grvl
snd, gr visnd, gr vigrvl
snd , grvlsndsndgrvl
snd, grvl
snd , grvl
sndgrvlgrvl
grvlgrvl
snd, grvlsnd
snd, gr vi
STATUS
AA
A
A
A.O.D.
A.O.D.A
A.O.D.
A.O.D.AA
AAA
A
AAA
A :.A
AA.O.D.A
PIT LOCATIONS IN
MARCH TOWNSHIP
MTC UTM NAME LOT CON. MATERIAL STATUS
1 05-125 292164 Teron2 05-146 254243 Murphy
l14
2
4sndsnd
A.O.D. A
PIT LOCATIONS IN
MARLBOROUGH TOWNSHIP
MTC UTM NAME LOT CON, MATERIAL STATUS
1 K3-H3 43^9152 K3-46 43^9143 K3-33 4339134 K3-5 369956
4449
snd,grvl snd,grvl snd,grvl snd
A A A A
~ 52 -
PIT LOCATIONS IN
NEPEAN TOWNSHIP
12
3456
7B9
1011121314
151617Id19202122
2324252627
MTC UTM
K3-17 432077K 3-110 434074K3-96 429030K3-34 435033K3-16 423034K3-102 400034
K3-165 400037K3-126 415093K3-32 412094K3-97 41009705-23 363192K3-92 402030K3-76 395079K3-103 391031
K3-73 393091K3-33 395090K3-62 393039K3-53 337095K3-104 391096K3-93 393095K3-56 334093K3-57 391105K3-136 339030K3-127 336036K3-101 334039K3-94 335-033K3-59 332095
NAI^IE
ToddStinson
Miller
Barrett
BarrettJohnston
PitBrazaauBraze auBraze au
Todd Pit
N.C.C.MillerGambleFallowfield
Pit
Braze au
Nepean TwpNepean TwpBurnside
Mitchell PitBurnside
Clark PitBrophy
Paul
Moody
Houlihan
Osgoode S&G
Burnside
LOT
2
2
44
4,57
3399346,76,73
*,999
1111
11,12
12
147,39
101012
CON.
333234
43333444
4444444455555
MATERIAL
snd , grvl
snd , grvlsnd , grvl
snd , grvl
snd, gr visnd , grvl
snd , grvlsnd, grvlsnd, grvl
snd , grvlsnd
snd, grvlsndsnd, grvl
snd, grvl
snd, grvlsndgrvl
grvlgrvl
snd , grvl
grvl , sndsnd
sndsnd
snd
snd
STATUS
A
A.O.D.
A
A
A
Active
A
Active
Active ~~
A.O.D.
A
A
A
Activei
'A '
ActiveDumpActive
A.O.D.Active
A
AAA lAA
Processi: r Plant 1
23 K3-55 331093 Burnside 12,13 5 snd Processing Plant
PIT LOCATIONS IN
NEPEAN TOWNSHIP page 2
MTC UTM NAME LOT CON. MATERIAL STATUS
29 K3-4S 393105 Smith
30 K3-1&5 371106 Mcvicar
15
15
snd
snd,grvl
A
A
~ 54 -
12
3456739
10111213*
141516171319202122*
2324252627232930
MTC UTM
K3-19 440071K3-20 444070K3-93 477033K3-163 475033K3-23 430024K3-153 442062K3-104 449056K3-21 450055K3-60 443051K3-72 455043K3-H5 457047K3-100 400045NG-13 462043K3-116 464043K3-36 446031K3-H7 463041K3-203 466016K3-99 433003K3-25 493934K3-120 493973K3-71 473031NG-2 479979K3-22 439996K3-135 439995K3-164 442991K3-160 450979K3-52 463971K3-73 446961K3-24 450953K3-172 459921
NAME
Finley
S char fRasa
Rice
PrattScharfMoffatRutherford
RutherfordWilsonCampbell
CampbellCampbellWilson
Williams
DesjardinsDuhamel
Adams
Lindsay
WhalenLewis
CraigCraig
McEwen
Willis
Dob son
WallaceTownship
Crowder
LOT
12
13
1316
3566
73
S, 99
9,10101116212623142-517171321,22242427
35
CON.
A
AA
A
A
111
1
11
11A,l
11,A
1
1
1122
33333444
MATERIAL
snd , grvl
grvlsnd
snd
grvl , sndsndgrvlsnd, grvlsnd
grvl , sndgrvlsnd, gr visnd, gr visnd , grvl
grvl , sndsnd, gr vigrvlsnd
snd
snd , grvl
grvl
grvlgrvl
grvl
grvlgrvl
grvlgrvl
grvlgrvl
STATUS
AActive
A
Active
AA
ActiveA.O.D.
A
A.O.D.A.O.D. -AAA
A.O.D.
AA
A
AA
A
AAA
A\i
A
A lA *A
- 55 -
PIT LOCATIONS IN
OSGOODE TOWNSHIP
12
34567S9
1011121314151617lg192021222324252627*28 *29 *30*
MTC ' UTM
K3-49 542000K3-174 540003K3-26 545971K3-143 549970K3-173 553940K3-177 553065K3-23 556043K3-196 556046K3-29 556040K3-30 55502305-33 54313105-64 544129K3-170 556030K3-106 557076K3-197 554071K3-27 55406905-44 55013705-12 55313405-32 55513005-113 55512705-33 55212405-39 601033W7-1 621036W7-20 621039V/7-22 623049R9-46 646121OS-33 556036OS-37 553099OS-39 562036OS-40 550033
NAME""' "
Clelland
Ferguson
Choinacki
Peterson
Forbes
O'Rourke
McEvoy
McEvoy
McEvoy
Taylor
Brown Pit
Fagon Pit
Burns
Rankin Pit
Loughlin
Tierney
Eastview
Cahill
Stackpole
McFarland
Stanley
Morris
Logan
Osgoode Twp
Wallace
Scharf
Pyper
LOT
27
27
343542172021
21,2225,26
12,31415151612334
193031236
14111123
CON.
2
2
2
2
2
3333344444455555666794443
MATERIAL
snd , grvlsnd , grvlsnd , grvlsnd , grvlsndsnd , grvlsnd , grvlsndsndgrvl , sndgrvl , sndsnd, gr visnd, grvlgrvl , sndgr vi, sndgrvl , sndsnd, grvlsnd, grvlsnd , grvlsndgrvl , sndgrvlgrvlgrvlgrvl , sndgrvlsndsndsnd , grvlgrvl
STATUS
A
A
A
A
A.O.D.
Active
A
A
A
A
Active
A.O.D.
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
ActiveA -
A
A.O.D.
A
A
A
A
A
Active
Active
Active
A
- 56 -
page 2 —
31*32 *33*34*35 *
MTC
OS-42
OS-43OS-44OS-49OS-50
UTM NAME
541104539102542099554019552011
LOT
775
2623
CON.
43433
MATERIAL
snd, gr visnd , grvlsndgrvl , sndgrvl , snd
STATUS
Active
A
ActiveActiveA
PIT LOCATIONS IN
TORBOLTON TOWNSHIP
MTC UTM NAME LOT CON. MATERIAL. STATUS
1 A5-123 199299 l 3 snd A
2 A5-12? 207303 Younghusband l 4 snd A.O.D.
3 A5-119 201340 Murphy 4,5 5 snd A.O.D.
AGGREGATE TONNAGES FOR ELEVEN TOWNSHIPS WITHIN THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF OTTAWA-CARLETON
(refer to accompanying map)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
UNIT:ACREAGE:DEPTH:TOTAL TONNAGE:
TONNAGE EXTRACTED:
TONNAGE REMAINING:
# Grvl
AVAILABLE GRAVEL TONNAGE
unit on accompanying map lateral extent of gravel bearing deposit average overall thickness of unit
of depth and acreage
amount of material removed from unit areal percentage of unit extracted
amount of material frozen due to cultural features and property boundaries areal percentage of unit frozen
amount of material remaining in unit after extracted and frozen tonnages have been subtractedpercentage of gravel by volume probably contained in unit
amount of gravel sized material 'probably contained within unit
p.•H
f^OE-"
•dC0}r-)
0ft
2O
c:-ri
4*•H 55
(P
ojw)0)
to5
-q3 K-3 W ^— 1 1* S•3KS2
5gg
*^O
OonS3M
Oil
p^
^
-, ^3 52icso"Z, EH CQZ K-3 f-*DOW HOCO
^^
Ow00
J2 fr*,SE-"OXE-* H
WO
f.S3E-"
^^O
K
CufcQO
O
wo
M
CM ON CMCM irv to\o c*- -4VN O CM tor-H -4-CM en
O O O O
O vO O
C-- H ^
"CO C^ O^ CV2H -*
H
O O VN tr\en O
r\
O O -* OC*"~ -4" to "^en to -* H
ON -* vOm - Hen f-l
0 O 0 0H CM
0 OON -*C^ NO
ON -*I-l NOH -*
O O O O0 O -4- to O
•H ON to NO CM
0 C^ -4 oT en"C ON CMOH enOK v.W H CM
ir\ irv ir\ OH CM
en -4 to toen -4*
-* m o n
oIPXf^.
NO•Hto
O
oITN.
enenNO
rH
v\
0UAc-~oON
ITV
0VTVc*-cTON
OO0
ITVHto^
tr\CM
Qen
W
-4-,—l•Hc^fv.VN
A
V\
O0NOO
-4"
OH
OCMc^-en-4-NO
0CM
0-4-
csTtoCM
c.
0OCMc^en-4
NO
QCM
enenH
o[V.
mONVN,en
O
OtoNOON
H
O•H
0•iTXNO
ONONH
O
OOir*
NOONON
^
ir\H
*r\V\
0
O
o~^-VfN
c\r
tfN
O
0^J.NO
0H
Oi-l
O
CM•r\-4-
•s
iH
0CM
.
OO0
^oON
0OO
QCMITN
^.iH
ir\CM
Q.j*CM
O-4
CM
0
O
H
CM•H
6
.
H
CMrH
Oto
00toNCTON
O0O
^CMrH
m
QH
0
CMHON
w\
NO
toCMto
cTCM
*enCM-*ONC^to
V.
CM
OCM-4
enNOH
OCM
w\CM
•o
toCM
NO*rv
- 60 ~
P*•H .CJm
oEH
^Q^1M43
pt(
c•HX•P
J5
(D•stobO0)
bObO
•a;
J W
3S^-K2*SoS
Pio
oW53on?3 MS *sjOSEH W
P4
^-
i-3 CO3** WL3PiO
2 EH P)2j t-A EHDCD WH OCO
^5,
0O EH
USO EH
W
EdOg?gOEH
f-iOEH
KEHPuWQ
W*2
Pi0•a:
EHM53
C"- CMen i— i
rH CMto NOO NO
H
WA O CM CM
0 0 VN NOC^ ir\
VN O*CM rH
*. *v
-^ en
^•f-\
O OV\ CMC^*- o\
•S, *s
O^ c*\c^ to•H r-l
f— |
O v\
b oO CMirv. ON
m to
C\T
0 O O•H O O60-*o - *.C *r\ toO NO C^ o to NOW C^- en
VN OCM tH
O CM
•H rH
•t: CT
0CMNO*
-^OCN?
H
8tor?-yNO
*,c^~H
irvH
OO
*.o-TON
CM
0H
OOCM
SON
H
OOOCMONO
•tONH
OCM
v\
S
o
ONtoO.^ON
tooON
entoc*~•*
S
CMCM
tfCenCM
enenen•H
Kif\CM
O
CMHNO
xf^.f—|rH
CMtoUA
•tFHCM^J-
•k••^
Or-
.3-to.CM
CMto
^0ONNO*
CMenUA
0CMi-lNO*
t-f
r-T
. oCMUA
•kf-1CM
c.CMen
en
CM
^HON
.to
O
NOenON
^NOen
S
sencTt— lON
0CM
OCMp*-.
•kOtoCM
U"\
H-
Q 1
S^
O H- "l
t-l OR} OC NO•HbO entM QClS ""T"s
H
O '01 !
uV
f
-^toto"— *H
^
NO
irvCM—^
•kNOCM
-
CM0
•k
CMOCN.
•k^C}*
1 ^J-
I* i.^
K
"^
0CMr-*
\f\CM
•kenen
1 ^H
1
O43 m o oo
rH O
0)
dbO (D J- fcOta-a;
JPQ•a:hJMtt>*t
taW"^> sosoOH
•2PSO
o-a: s55M
0^EH td
PS
*.
— -* \.jttt —S if*
OOSO
z:^D *^
. 1 F .3 l — i c—OCDC3^i OCO
*
OwcjoSOS
OXE-" W
O52O
^jgOEH
EHO-iW0
wo•siK
O•s:
EHM
S
OCM*-t
NO
Oto
o
0o
ITN•H0
CMH
O
OirvNO
fv.
OONO
O t-
OirvC^NVTNOCM
O0
NO
ooNO
1TNCM
c*^ON
r-f
NO,—|
NO
OrHff\
*.CM
OCM
Otoor^ITN•/\
0
rH
VN
0NONO
VNf^~-*
CM
r-l
ONONO
ir\f^.-^
*.
0-*.3.0
NO•H
OCM
f—l~^-^v
cv
ooON
toOr—!
WH
0OO
NOCM[x.
H
0oCM
IT*-J-
H
O i-l
OOtoNOON
OOO
toNOON
U"\
Oto
CO^
o
ITN
CM
O
O 0H
0OO
CMNONO
CM
O
OooCMNONO
CM
0CM
T\lf\
-i^
CMc*-C*N.
toto
oc-*.-*.^J-t*-NO
•wc-H
oON
0O
.4--j-c^NO
H
"
Oto(r\NOON
0
H
OOOr^vtor^\
NOONH
VNCM
NO-^CM
•*c^
t- ir
NO
HO
ONO
-^
OOoH
H
0CMiH
OVTN.-*
0to
q-TNO
O-4"
c.
CM
0Oto0oofr\
oCM
CMNO
\(Q
NOc^rr\
ONNO
H•oo
ir\*-,
O
OONtotoHrH
CM"*
O
oooc*-NO
CM
co.
OC"V
CMc^-^ON H
O
o0oC*N.CMNO
*
O-*
c^v,-^JNO
V.
NO
'
OoooONto0r-*
Oo0-,^-to
NO
CM
IT\CM
OtoH
^.vr\ON
M
"*
0
- ox -
NO
ONNO•Hto"
OONto to*H i-l
i
o o
oCMNO
c^CO
H
OON
•s
ONO HrA*
ON •H
Oto
NO NO*
oCM
CM-4-to
CM
PU•rt
1
OE-*
dJ^
ox*JJooc: •H43se)•prftoO
to"*J
—
PQ td
i-^ W ^—j J^ 52^S o5 O EH
- -
O
^ sS5M
osEH td
PS
^
1-5 CO
o Pi oS EH m2 t-3 EH
O^D WEHOCO
^P*
Q
td
ooft p^52 EHOX!
EdCSS 530EH
t-3•i EHOEH
KEHO*EdO
KC[-"KO•^
EHMS3
Ot*-
t^ o o..totoen
ir* ITS ITNCM rH
0ON
cTITi O
u\H
0 O O CM O O
rH rH
O O 0-* Q ONO -* to
en CM -*-co -4" c**-i-H t*- CM
•t B. X
•rv r- CM
ooo
Q-3"
. ^entorH
irv
OOO 0 O O O
•H CM -4- tO.
O tO CM -4"d rH -4- r-O ON C^- CM O x x *.td *r* f^. c\i
CM
VN O OH rH rH
•4- CM -4-rH CM O^"
••j: m o,
oc^c*!totoen
0CMON
O
u^rH
S-wtooCM
*IfNrH
.
Q-d-NO
entoHirv
0
3ir\toON
UAen
1 0r7 ^
*1 H
— O/C —
rH O O NO CM O-4" "CO ON ^0 U^v NO^ H -* rH tO rH
tO CM O CM ON tO"to to O -4" NO NOO en to NO -4- *r\
-4- CM CM CM rH
O O O ir\ vrv ir\w\ ir* irv -d~ -i" -4"
en irv o "rv O OtO t*- to CM NO O^^ c^\ O^ *^ if\ XO
O- -* tO rH tO -*C*- NO H C*- to tO rH C- NO tO -4- -4-
to -4" rH *r\ ir\ en
O O O O O O CM CM CM CM CM en
to o to o o oto O CM -4- NO toNO W\ C*- F- rH tO
NO O en ITN to OON C*- rH NO NO ONO CM -4- *r\ *r\ O
•k *. V, V. 0
CM rH H rH CM
CM v\ *rv vrv o OrH CM
ON irv CM u^ O ONO CM en en to CMNO NO ON -4" O ON
ON f*- C^ rH -4" enO rH O ON tO ONCM en H en c^ en
9
rH
O O O O O O rH -4- O -* O O Oto -d- U-N NO C*- to NO
•H en CM to tO O ONhC to *r\ VTk CM -4- NOJn -4" en H tO tO O
S o NO CM c- r^ NOrH
CM en -4- irv \o -00
I NO ir\ en C^ O ONO O- CM -4- -4- NOrH tO CM NO *r\ en
•*CM
i*
if
NOf-l~*
ONOON
enrH
enCMen
lf\3ONCM
NOONNO
irv00ON
rH 1
3o•k j
m
otoNO
enenNO
-4"
.
1 (—irHto5—T
^JrH
to•4"torCH
^~CMNO*
if\ ON
^t
NO
enir*NO*
tr\CM
*.-4"CM
1 t-ft o'T.'toto*7
[to
oto oONrHNO
^^c^*
.,
f.J~y
S
o,•H.CMc1EH
0)rH•PC^iK
C•H.C•P-*SO•PCOboVfcbobO*** -
WJ3 W
Sw^M^-E:
^OEH
e .-qp^P
OC325
*? S25 n25 *^O SEH W
o
1 1 CO•^ 5 i*s•^rr^s EH ra23 ^JJ EHo r~* fc3HOCO
^^
Qr-itanoo-s: -s:25 CH25 E~*OX!
tdCD•s;'P'.2joEH
^
E-O
EH(X
toO
t-p;0^
EHM25
NO NO O f^V CMrH C^v -4 NO CMrH O rH NO VT\
r"v trv ITN UN ir\C5 r^ cr\ vr\ ir\ -4 rH f*- to f~*
r^ rH
O O 0 O VNrH CM CM r^k
O O O CM -4NO tO O rH -4rH rH C^- CM rH
rH irv ir\ CM Ot*\ f*- t*~ V\ rHO NO NO "OD rH
•^ *k *^ 9^
-4- to CM C^rH
U\ tf\ O CM CMrH CM H rH
O O O to NONO NO CM NO rHON O v\ c^v O
C^- u"\ r^k CM toc^ CM H rH CMCM CM e^\ -4 O
•K V. *.
r*\ CM H
O O u\ ir\ ir*CM to
0 O 0 0 OtO NO tO CM -4CM ON r*\ to f*N,
C^ O tO rH torH O C^- C^ CMf\ NO WN rH -4
•t X
"* ^
O O O O O O•H O O O O OE -4- CM .NO -4 to
C NO rH t^ NO NOO to O NO f*N NO
rH -4 H r^v toCM H
0 UN O 0 OCM H H rH H
NO -4 to CM -4-4 CM C^ -4 m-4 rH -4 H r"v.
H CM rH CM•a; *z ra o o
NOC"-CM
CM
H
u\
NOONNO
-4-4C'N
•^C*N,C^
-4CMONNO"
HCM
e.c*^
0to
NOONOON
0O-4to"
NO
ON
-4-4ir\
9.
rH
[X.c*-t*\
NO
u\
Q-3"
-4f\-4ONSON
•^ff\H
UAH
ff\ON
OtoON
V.
CM
u*\rH
ff\ONirv
OtoONCvT
rH O(O CMd NO•H * bC Ora to
ONrH
c^
f^(f\f^.
B.
CM
it''i
DJ -
^)-O
•t
NO
rH
OH
orH
•k
-4u\CM
•t
IN-4
r-HUN
r^rONrH
oOrH
CN.f^.r^\c^INOCvT H
QCMO
ONCMu\ONNO
1 rH1 ^1 WI ri ~*
p.•H•s
S
(D 4Jcd bO2bOto
cq J
o KJS:O M^2SP SS ** OSE-ig,
tt
ocs o
OCO
owE-"oo53 E-" OXE-tJxl
- 64 -
rH O UA CM \OC*- O HO en NO
H C\! ON C*- H ON \O VN tO iH vO
ONr-CM
•-T ONNO
CM C\JUN. in CM CM
•t\ O O NO -* tO•4- -4- O O NO NO CO to en CM -4- O
\O ON NO•4- o en-4- NO
u\ O OCM CM r-
ON \O O.-4- -4- NO :en -4-
O O NO en
CM-4-
ON-4- ONCM"
v\ o o -4- NO CMON NO O en ON rH-4- -4- JS- O NO en
u-\ CM -4-' to ON HON v\ to to NO to-4- H rH
C\i O O O O O
ON NOr-C^-O
SNO
ONNO
ON
tdo o o o o o,to O O -4- NO -d-ON en O CM rH O
r-T CvT r-T C^ NO" rHto NO CM enON
CM
i-i (V
CM CM
ONto
C*- O CM ,H
CM P- CMNO
-s: cq o O W
~ 65 ~
eu•H
COGo
EHc*toofc0fi•2H
c•Hx:•p
0)•PQ)tO0)
toto11
l-q
owra w•^ oM S2
^: P-s: EH
gPSo
totJ Son-35:2;S2Ms; -iOSEH w
^
(-3CO
Sta-a: sEHCQD J3 piQHOCO
^S-
DW
C3EH
00
53 DH2* EHO r*^EH W
WO•2^0EH
lJ•a;fH
oEH
KEH(X,WO
woKCclO**
EHM
S
toto0ITvfNO
O
^^J^.
tH
cTto
*.H
Or-\
O-d-irv
NO-d-
tf\CM
o.3-CM
ON[•v.
0 O H•H vO rtE ON C0 * -HC ITN ttO iH ^O r-J Ct5W " S
to
HNOrH
4C
vOfs-
to•l
H^^
•tH
0
ON0H*.-d"[x.0c\T
0H
\O-d"O
SCM
H
vr\0
V.
C'NCM
O\O-d-
•,0c*^^
CM
H
p^NOON
ii.
-*toNO
•tr^vrHHr-T
O^oir\
•^VfN\Qu-\
c.
CM
*Q—JNO
•^
ooWN
•,m
0NO
QHvDir\to
c.H
-d*CM
B.
Off\ON
v.
ir\CM— -
oO0to
•t
r-\
Oc^v
txTCM-d-
•Otoen
oo
tr\mON•ocTCM•Hi-T
0CM
OCMH
oHv\
trvCM-d-
n-d-ONirv
UN\ONO
•tc^\c*—ff\
•*
O0NO
*.*TNir\toCN?
O•OO\otoHu~\
OCMOenOen
•tto
v\
NOff\
CM
CJNDNH
*k
H
o\oen•tH
p,•H
CO
|jO
EH
Ceaop*0
55C
ggQ)•P
bOstobO***
J03 6Q< JO J W*?
"^ tt? 0
^ O EH
^J
pjO
CD
OM
52W
OS
K
t— I CO
3 K o23 EH C3
O CD W&H O CO
^^
o13 EH00
53 KS: EHEH W
WO•eS^y
gOEH
1-3E-,0EH
seEHP-,WO
wowct:o
EHMSS
O en to -4- OU"N NO en "CO CM-4- NO tfN. r- ITNen en rH O en-4- rH rH -4- ON.rH v\ NO ON ON
rH -4" H CM rHrH
irv if\ O O Oen en rH CM v\
O O "A O QO tO tO CM -4"O H en O Or^. o ir\. en t^-vO ON rH O toCM to rH C^ ON
en CM NO -4- enrH rH rH CM
O O *r* v\ Oen rH rH rH rH
O O *r\ Q OO O en -4- -4-CM NO ON to toO NO to O C^^O ^O r~1 *^ O***ON C- f- H ON
•H rH en en en
O C*- O ^ OCM rH CM rH en
O 0 0 O OO CM to -4- CM•CO CM u-v tO *^
\O en to O enO O w ir\ ONen O ON H ONrH en -41 en H
H
O O O O O0 O O O O O
•H O O ON NO -4"
O -4- NO CM ITN toC en NO ON O C*-O u~\, NO C*- O ON
fc3 vo O -4- H ONrH CM CM en
ir\ vrv vr\ o *t\H CM H CM en
O CM en -4- CMto ON to en r-rH CM NO -4- -*
H CM en -41•S pq pq m cq
ITSO-4-NO*
-41enenCM
ITNCMir\
ONNOON
cT
vrvrH-4-
.^ON
.^rH
ONOONCM*
rH-*
^CM
00 rHON rt ~ C.NO -Hr- wON k
rt ON gOrH
rHNO
0•t
CM
~ 66 -
-4" NO v\ c^. c^. — ~to C^ CM rH CM -4"en VN O rH O rH
O NO NO NO CM Hen O O rH O toCM rH rH
CM
0^00000^-4--4--4-VO -4--4--4-CM
O O -4- CM to NONO tO NO NO NO C*-ON CM O to O UN.
VN rH O NO "A -4-IV tO -4" CM ITN CMW^ NO CM CM en
^
Irk00vvlrk000HCMCMtOrHOOrH
rH rH
OONOtOCMOO-4--4" CM rH rH rH -4" CM NOxOenOCMONOrHO
rHOOCMVNtOONOC5 C5 MD *^"N ™^h CV w\ C*"\rH CM rH IX -4-
f-T
OCMOOOOOO
O0Od*CMrH
ooooooooOOtatOtO-4-CM-4NONOOOONOrHNO
C^rHOONOtOOO
NOOenrHenC^-4-en\O
ir\ w\ CM CM CM en CM en
NO NO CM C*** CM ON en ONu"N, ON \o en vO ON ON -4"-4-
15 D W P1* O W H *"3
en tor*- ts-CM NO
CM toen C**-NO ON
CN? ir\CM
O wvH ento enen enO C^rH ONO* rC
^
O w\en ^~O -4^-* to*C^ NOr~- enCM* C^
H
0 OO NOO ON
O CM*CM eniH v\
^CM
S S-T -Jto c^-c^ -*ON f^-ON ON
to* torHrH
-4- R v\
ON K OD **D en
p.•H
1
EH
(D
gO
j2•PhO53C5.p
O"S
toototo•a:
-5pq ft]i-3 W ^— 1 1* 52•^ **s* y**!•^ p"j o
"^Pio
OMSS
*S 5S53 H
oSEH W
K
.-, jf) Wo c5 o*z2 tD *ai5 j SOJZ) WH O CO
^
DW
WEHoo53 K53 EHOXEnpq
O
52O c-fcH
^JJ-^
O
KEHrxw
wswCio<
EHM53
rH NO to to O tO CM -vf OrH -^ CO C^- CO -^ C*^ tO C*-co to \O Is- . CM O CM ON UN
OtOtotOOOCMOrHO to rH*ON NO tO to NO -d"NO CM -* NO rH H rH
to to O u~v UN UN O O OCOCOrHCMrH CMCMrH
totoOO-4-OOOOC^OUNOONONOCMOrHC^cOrHCMONCOONC^
tOtONO totOO rH-i'torHCOtoONCMONOOrHC^C^rHO-rHNO CMCO-^
*b *k *k *k Wk *k
H -4- CM rH. CO H
tooOtoOOOOOCO-*CMCMrHCOrHHCO
toOOONOOOOOCM-*NOOtotO-^NOOOCMCOUNCO-^OtOtO
-d~rxtoo too ONCOCOcOCOOC^CMOCM-4--4-CO to H CM rH tO ON
r-T "r-T r-T r-T
OtotooOOOOtoCM rH CM rH CM CM
O to O O O O OO NO ON O NO CM O
.co -d- O -4" rH rH to
CM rH C^- NO O C"- NONO o r^ H o to toC- CM CM O NO C^-
•kH
OOOOOOOOOO •HOOOONOOOOOgtOrHtOOUNNO-4-NOO
CrHCOrHCMCOrHOtovOOrH-*-*tOtoOONCO-4-OtOCOtoOCMOCM-d-rH
CO rH UN to H NO CO
-
u^UNOOC*-OOOOiHrHrHCM rH rH rH rH
tOC^ONto-4-tO CMtOOOcOCMOC^-4-rHrHcOrH CM rH CM rH
rH CM H CM CO-sCCQOOOWWWfe
- 6
rH
CO
fv*.CSwtoCM^
fX.
•t
NO•HrH
NO
H
rHNOCOCM*ONHfsT
toCOOr-TCOp~—
•kCO
O rHNO cd^ cto t:o t*ON CS M ^"NO ^CM
totoON
7 -
c^- to -^-o to toCO NO -*
r-T r-T CM*
CM
•0 UN OrH H -*
CM CO OrH to rHC^ CM CM
tO rH NOrH O
NO
IO to OC^- ON co
O C- NOtO O CMNO to c^-O co coCO rH NOH CM CO
.
O O OCM CM
f
to -*tO ""^
•k *k-* CMCO -*
CM
*
O 0 O-d- NO CMCM O -*
-i- to CMC^ CM rHrH CM CM
*k
•H
CO CO, CO
-* rH C^-CM CO NO
rH
w
O K '\
ON-*to-^CM
to
rHNtTCMNO
COHCM
to0
CMCOto[V.[x.CM
O CMC*-
r-T•HNO
r-T
CM ICM lCM 1
OtotoCM*
CMtoCN?
-^-NO
CN?
fx.•t
NOrH
-4-
u^O~
OONfkT
C-NOCOto*oo"*
0toCMr-kTrHUNto*CM
1 0j to
^
~ 63 -
p*•HAmc
EH
0)•d o0to mOc•rip*
•Vt*3
SO•gCDbOok60
*;
y-3H i-5 W*t WO-5 p- -s:H-aiSS•a! K S:*oo•a: EH
*6Jrto
C5cassr*i l— iv~J p^^3S3HsgBSrt
^
•J CO•t) *S Srforto<^^•<3EHOq2t-3EH D^DKJTHOCO
\S.
owWEH OJO-s;-**:SSCtJ55 EHOXEH [ri
KSS3Sg1-3
gOEH
ffiEHP-.
g
W0*swrt0"*
EHM55S3
NO tOON toCM -4-
UN \OO enUN rH
0 0•H VN
O vONO C^ON ON
CM CMUN C*-O CM
UN
0 0CM -d"
NO -*UN tO-* ON
C*- iH-* toC^V rHiH*
*r\ o
-*vO toS 0
NOv\m
O 0o to NO•H CM ON6 c^- -*C fN 1^o c^ -4-o -W NO
to -*
to c^--* -*Cf\
-a: CQ
CM•HCM
NOto
*
OH
v\CM•H
CMNOto
v\
VNt^cf\
tr\-d-
O
O Ou\C^OON
VN
•rvC"-
0
NOONu-\
NOCMiH
ir\-4"
v\CMC^\
iHtoCM
VA iH
i^NOCM
NO V\
O(H
OfH w\
oC^**\
0oiHITvC^-tn
VN
iHm
HO
-4- rH tO to UNtO ^ -* CM OO **N CM O O
UN O rH tO toiH C^- r- r^ Hr*\ NO CM
*. W*C*^ *n
U\ U\ UN O OrH rH CM CM iH
O VN UN O toNO C*- ON -4- -*UN -CO ON NO O'O to -* -4- OO NO to ON torH -* NO H rHCM O NO
r-v H
O UN UN O O CM CM CM CM UN
O UN UN O ONO C*- CM O UNrH C*- \O to UN
O ''N ON en C^ O ON -3- to tO\0 -* f- H
r-T VNrH
O O tO UN CM•H
0 O O CMto to NO oO -CO C*- UN•. oooO ff\ NO f-O NO UNen NO iH
0 0
en H
0 0 0 O 0 O O O 0 0tO H VN CM rH
O U*V -CO UN UNO O- ON en t^-O en C^- rH C^
in UN en-* CM
O UN UN O VNH CM H
-* H C^ NO rHCM *n UN UN en•H C*- ON
CM tH CM 0"O W PC, pt, fn
NO UNCMtOCMtOCMUNOfHON-*-4-HtOenuNOOONtoenOCMtOOtoUN-i-fnOOO'^Nencv-NO-^cMCMUNtoONenc^-NOentOC*-NOO ONiH
•* *S **
en H rH
UNOOVNOOVNOUNCMen-4-CMfHCM rHen
-3--4-UNtHOOOCMONOtoOONCM-4--*UNO.OONNOentH-^NOirNCM
OONONfHO HNOOtONO-d-UNtOOOtHenoNOrHVNtOUN-^ONenUN
CMiHONNONOUNHON
UNO UNUNUNUNO UNO enNOCMCMrHHCMCMCM
-d-NOUNUNOOOOO•OC^-CMCMtONONOUNOC^ON\OOOenHen-4-fH-d'enenc^-OONONO UNCMNO CM-^-UNC^-entHUNC^--4--*H en -* -4- oiHrHenCMrHrH enrH
UNONO-4-OVNOC^-OCM C^-
CM O -* O to OC*- - C^- to O ON O\O CM NO NO -4- -*
0 00 0 00
rH H C*- O O C^CM en -ft) UN NO UNCM to en CM ON UN
0 0
CM en
tt
ooooooooo-4-NOOOOOOOO-4-ONUNrHCM-4-tO-*Oen-^-d-CMC-^CMUNHCMenC^-UNON-4-OONCM-oo-4-totONONO O enc*~O
-4-CM enONC^ONCM enuNH H
tONO UNUNO UNUNUNOCM H rH H rH CM
ONtO ONC^NOtOtOtO VN.CMONCMNO iH-*ONC^-OCMrHCMCMenCMtHenrH
v iH CM en -4- UNOffiHMHrHIH'-aUJ
OUNCM
toONON
UNCM
0OO
enONONen
3
OOtoto toen
NO
UNen
OO CM
0
0ONUN
oUN
0OO
CMf-ON
UNiH
UNrH
q-ir-*
CM^
t^U^i
o"0CM
O•H
toNOUN
O0OCM
en rH
UNUNUN
NOCMen
r*-
r-en to
9
UNC^H
ONOON
*
rHrHUN
9
CM
NO
rr\t^iH
ftt
enUNOto*ITNtooTCM
to*00
ONOoo*orH
UNCMO
3oen-4-
C-u\Cv.
o^^•x.-4-
oONrH
0OenJC-tenCOoH
rH33H0
LTV
\
* *9*
4*C00
i-5 W WOIX
00
-go
o
vOvO CM
ON
CVJ
oir\ O*. v\ \O
on -s s: ssw 53
ct;
•d o 3 c
•H 4* C O O
P. •H X
CO
IOtt o otoCOo
JZ •p
O)•prt
toto
\0to too*nvO
O CM
-* if\ ONONCT\vO
CMNO
CM vO
.-3 COt^ !^ OJO
E-H O CO
to
f-f oCM
vO
owE-t OO
ox
ta o•ei 52o|H
CM
torHJto
0 toto
ON H
ON
Oto
-d-o"
vO
to o
Wo-a:
a.w oK O*u wCi O-s:
to toCM
ONvO
Wo•d wK O
HMl 55
O~* O
CM
CM
\O
IX
r
- 70 -
owPio•c^2*^(HO
O
M
PL,MO
55
Sj^y;Oo
EH
gCOwop;BCO
g0p?oo-s:^H
3
WEH
s,j^jEHOEH
Wen M ^^ i~3 "^ 21•JJOO
^
Oea ss
H 21 M3 *2J T3!^ P g
P4
•z,HlJCO
P30
2 5 sS CD W2: o cooH
OW W•0:0
r- . S4*fcH PS
W
*l! *?
EH SOS
EH
W^3 ^2EH KO P^EH O
•sj
PuMseCO2"
oEH
O O0CMrHONUN
0OOentoUN
OCM
OOOONr-toCM
OooenNOrH-4-
O OOUNCM-*
toCM
rHNOUN
•dcjrty iOf
jjjO
O 0o oO 0ON ON•4" \OrH rH
UN tO
0 0O OO O
NO ONCM rH-4- rH
NO CMCM -4-
O OO O0 O
CM O0 rHC-- rH-d- en
ONrH
O O0 0O OIs- enf\ rH UN \O
UN \OUN
J
0 0o oo oUN CMCM -4"o toen r-en en
CM
ON -4-en -4-rH rH
rH UN
h0)
^ SO 0)h 0N 3P . O*i~* r~Hfe O
o oototot^.rH
0OoNOUNON^j..4-
OO0c*-UNCM.j.CM
. .
O00
toto ento
0 OoONrHNO
c^f^.
rH-4-ON
•s
UN
dh0ftrH
OO
O O0NOrH
OrH
OOO.4-UNCMf^-^-
0OotoONrH
OrH
O0OC*-r*- oCMH
o0oONCMUN
ONvO
Htot\i
•*-4"
S*,O
rHPCj3K
. O OOrHONNO
0OOON-^ON
CM
OOOCMf**.O
H
00O0
O 0O0ONr-en
r-UNUN
fiO^4cdS
O0orHoUN
en
OO00OtoUN
OOOONCMrH
rH
O0O-4-
en
r^
O 0OenO(*\
to
oNOen
•s
H
fito
lOft
f— 1PicdS
8 O 0
0 0ON e^yr- CMON to
UN CMW
0 O0 00 Oen enC^- -4"o c^-rs. vOC^ rH
0 0O 00 O
tO rHNO Oen - ONr- c^-rH
O 00 0O Oen -coen oUN O
-4^ -*CM
O O 0 OO OUN C^-t^ HON UN
to torH CMrH
UN OrH tOO rH
o *,en rH
0)
Sr- 0Cei f:CO P(X tto o
53 55
O Ooto.^enenCM
0ooQ-TNO
f-. 0H
oo0NONO-4-
en" -j-
o0ooCM UN
ONrH
O OOtoen-*OrH
ONNO-4"
•*UN
d)*^3
OotoCOO
O O0UNNO
OooenNOrH
VrH
to•H
toJg;
O0oto0 H
80rHr-CM
NOUN
f*
Opr~l0fio
EH
O O0rH*
OCM
^O rH
OO0vO*
Ov.
^1ONen
OOO
•^tor-TrHen
00O
^en\cTenrH
O OO-*en'-*
p^f^.^
eno
*,toCM
co
gEHgQ^jPHO
- 71 -
ow
o•a:
o
gPHMoM
O M O
riHffi
Mffi EH
CO W OctfBCO
PH
W
•os o5
ta
oMgOW
wo•a:
3 dJ O EH9 y-J O t3H ^~, ^*
2* O ft. ^ WO
o•J r d* L —— I
—4 C J f 1
•H 22 1 — 1
H O S
i^cofrj O
^ S m^:*JEH3 tD WSOCO-,
ow &H1OEH
53 *sJ52 C^JOEH
W
^^EH 53 OS
EH
W
^ EniaocsEHO
PHMffiCOf-%fSoE-i
OO0(VrHON
UA
OOOentoUA
OCM
O00ON
toCi
0OO
enNOrH-4-
0OOUACVi-4"
toCi
^NOUA
fjCtJ
rHL*O
,QPPO
ooo-4"tor--4-
oo0enrHUA
UACi
OO0CiCi-4--4-
0OOf^CienUA
OOOCiCi mCien
S—•Zto
^,o1
K-P•rtE^t
OOOONNOrH
to
OO0
ONrHH
Ci
OO0
CiUAC-
rHONH
0OOenrHNO
NO
0OoUA
^NO
Ci
inON
h0)+JCO0)o2orHO
O0O
tototoCM
OOorH
UA
UAH
OoorHVNCi
UAH
OOO^^toH
OOOVN.toON
ITVen
OrHr-T
c*fajjOfi
3OO
oooCitrvHir*
OO0vr\-4-enen
o00[N.
HCi[V.
0oOf^.ON0ON
OOOtoUA\O
3—T
-4--4-UA
*.rH
^*O
rH-PCjjffi
OooCitrvHUA
OO0UA-4-
enen
O00[N.
HCij^.
0oof^.ON0ON
OOOtoUA\O
3—T
-4--4-
rH
^*O
rH+JC
ffi
O
0
0
0
0
o
Aof^rtS
OooUAenON
OOOO*
tor-7
OO0to"NO-4"
Ooo*.
ONr-Is-
oo0NO"HHen
rHNOrH
to0faofir 1faa
oooNO"-4-enenCi
OOOoON
•s
0
0o0J"
ONUA
^H
0 0OenrH-*
^CVi
0OO
o
f^ON
ONOrH
rHNO
OcT
fje{jOO,0)
OO0tsT[X.
^cT
OOovo"
HrHNO"
•-H
OOO
CiONH[^
O O0r-Ten^en
OO0NO"OON
•s
NO
Ci
toUAON
f-,O)
c!OJ^l"t
fao^
0oo•t
ONUA OtocTCi
0ooONO0 ONO"
OH
O0Oto"^ 0oen-*
O OOto5 0T-T
ONrH
OOOjvT-4- 0en•*toNOrH
rHtoH OUA
CO
0) -P"d rHO O0 .060 ^W OO EH
O00
•v
CiCiNO
fx.^
oooNOC"*.oCienen
00OenCitoNO"toCi
8oUAtoc^to"CirH
0ooHCiHi-TON
. O
Cio-4-
c^rH
CO^•a:EH0
~ 72 -
Selected References
Gadd, N.R.,
1963: Surficial Geology of the Ottawa Map-Area, Ontario
and Quebec; G.S.C., Paper 62-16.
.Hewitt, D.F.,
1963: Sand and Gravel in Southern Ontario; O.D.M.,
Industrial Mineral Report No. 11.
Johnston, W.A.,
1917: Pleistocene and Recent Deposits in the vicinity
of Ottawa, with a description of the soils;
G.S.C., Memoir 101.
Minning, G.W.,
open file ,Surficial Geology, Arnprior, Ontario and Quebec,
(map) 113 31-F-3; G.S.C., open file (map) 1972, scale
1:50,000, Geology 1969, 1970.
Richard, S.H.,
Ctyie/n Fl^Le. -"/map}: Surficial Geology, Ottawa, Ontario and* ^ i x *? X X" O(p^
Quebec, 31-G-5; G.S.C., b/oen^/'/e , ^apj, scaleA
1:50,000, Geology 1957, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973-
- 73 ~
Richard, S.H.,
ope.* X2/Ve (map): Surficial Geology, Kemptville, Ontario,
31-G-4; G.S.C., op e o P/'/e -(Snap), scale 1:50,000,
Geology 1970, 1971.
Richard, S.H.,
open file (map) Surficial Geology, Winchester, Ontario,
3(*y 1974: 31-G-3-Wjg-; G.S.C., open file (map) 364, scale
1:50,000, Geology 1970, 1971, 1972.
Richard, S.H.,
Opt* t~iklFlo*p) i(*l : Surficial Geology, Carleton Place, Ontario,r ' A
3(0!
31-F-l-Ei; G.S.C., offnfik (map), scale
1:50,000, Geology 1970, 1971, 1972.
Richard, S.H.,
Ope.n /vV^ ..(map): Surficial Geology, Russell, Ontario,
3 ^7 31-G-6-W4; G. S. C., c^i^^r/e ./map)5,6 scaleA
1:50,000, Geology 1971, 1972.
Richard, S.H.,
O#9r\ fc'te. \ (map): Surficial Geology, Arnprior, Ontario and" 'l/ 3
3 Quebec, 31-F-d-Ei; G.S.C., op&n 2,'k ,(map) scale
1:50,000, Geology 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974-
- 74 -
Richard, S.H.,
unpublished map: Surficial Geology, Regional Municipality
Ottawa-Carleton; G.S.C., unpublished map, scale
1:100,000, Geology 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974.