STUDIO AIR BYing Dan692 092

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CONTENT

B2

B3

B4

CASE STUDY 1.0

CASE STUDY 2.0

TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT

B1 RESEARCH FEILD

B6

B7

B8

CASE STUDY 1.0

CASE STUDY 2.0

TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT

B5RESEARCH FEILD

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B.1 RESEARCH FEILD: PATTERNING

Pattern is often used symbolically to represent many things: people, beliefs, the natural world,

history, tradition. Colors and shapes have specific meanings, and are passed down from gener-

ation to generation. Looking back in history, the human body was perhaps the first surface that

received designed patterns1, then patterns have been introducing for covering architectural sur-

faces. Architectural patterns thus have a broad and deep lineage. In this journal patterns will be

explored in the narrow sense of patterns that used particularly in architectural designs.

During the modernism movement, the avant-garde brought up the idea of “folding in architec-

ture”, the initially faceted surfaces soon evolved into smooth nurb-surfaces. Towards the end of

the 1990s new possibilities of patterning were discovered by applying the technique of texture

mapping onto the warped nurbs. Built projects achieved these effects by projecting video images

onto curve-linear surfaces, or by embedding digital display systems within the surfaces.2 Archi-

tectural patterning had arrived within the style of parametricism which brings endless possibili-

ties and more exciting explorations to architectural design.

S-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com, 2016 <https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/7e/c6/8a/7ec68a18f6ddaf804a5a621

e1ea63ad8.jpg> [accessed 29 April 2016].

1: Patrik Schumacher, "Parametric Patterns", Architectural Design, 79 (2009), 28-41.

2: Patrik Schumacher, "Parametricism: A New Global Style For Architecture And Urban Design", Architectural Design, 79

(2009), 14-23.

3. "Cladding De Young With Patterns", Scratchcomputing.com, 2016 <http://scratchcomputing.com/about/deYoung/> [ac-cessed 29 April 2016].

6 7

B.2 CASE STUDY 1.0

M.H. de Young Museum is a redesign from the origi-

nal museum, which opened in 1895 as an outgrowth

of the California International Exposition of 1894. The

facade of the building is clad in over 162,000 square

feet of copper panels covered with abstract pixelat-

ed patterns derived from over 650MB of images.3 The

pattern was created from high-contrast digital images

which are made with photoshop, then import the im-

ages in digital design tools (grasshopper in this case)

for automated processing, where the images were

mapped onto the building surface.

The pattern consists of perforation and dimples, which

is distinguished from regular architectural surfaces. In

this section, my iterations of the original script will be

mainly focus on creating different geometry patterns

and testing different perforations and convex.

"De Young Museum", Patrick Lopez Jaimes, 2016 <http://www.patrickljaimes.com/de-young-museum/> [accessed 29 April 2016].

8 9

SPECIES 1:ORIGINAL DEFINITION

SPECIES 2:INTERPOLATE POINTS CURVE

SPECIMEN 1 SPECIMEN 3SPECIMEN 2 SPECIMEN 4

SPECIES 3:INTERPOLATE POINTS CURVE

10 11

SPECIES 4:PERFORATIONS EXPLORATIONPLANER SURFACE

SPECIES 6:PATTERN & GEOMETRY:3D PATTERNS

SPECIMEN 1 SPECIMEN 3SPECIMEN 2 SPECIMEN 4

SPECIES 5:PERFORATIONS EXPLORATIONPLANER SURFACE

12 13

SPECIES 7:PATTERN & GEOMETRY :DIMPLES

SPECIMEN 1 SPECIMEN 3SPECIMEN 2 SPECIMEN 4

My iterations are focus on the transformation from curves to planer surface to 3D patterns, instead of using image

sampler to map the pattern on to the surface, I am using graph sampler and several number sliders to change the

geometries under the same concept. The matrix above has shown how I attempted to explore from single lines to

the final geometry, where the continuity of each individual outcome can be clearly identified.

Therefore, it is important to start from a “flexible” starting point where it can add another level to complexity and

useful outcomes. Introducing different techniques such as twisting, piping, lofting, which transferring 2D patterns

to 3D patterns and generating interesting result that have design potentials.

DESIGN CRITERIA

14 15

This outcome can be considered successful be-

cause it achieve my aim of design criteria, which

is to be able to generate a series of outcomes only

through changing the lifting and shifting factors

of the points. I have created more than five similar

outcomes, but this one is the best result of them

all in terms of fabrication. In this case, my grass-

hopper definition(from a design perspective) has

the potential to make it possible to accurately fab-

ricate each panel correctly since they are all regu-

lar geometries, which can be easy to ship and to

install in the correct order on site.

SPECIMEN 11. (Species 4, Specimen 3)2. (Species 7, Specimen 4)

I used the original definition of dimples as a start-

ing point. During the process, I changed image

sampler to simple sin-graphs and move a few set

of points along Z-axis. Lofting was used to pro-

duce the final outcome. The interesting things

about this geometry is that the designer can ap-

ply different materials or patterns to each of the

convex in order to achieve individuality and save

budget by combining decoration and ornamen-

tation together, which will make client happy in a

design proposal.

SPECIMEN 2 1. (Species 3, Specimen 4)2. (Species 7, Specimen 1)

16 17

When patterns become straight lines, the possible

outcomes have been brought to another level.

The grey scale image that I used creates openings

on the facade. By adding vectors to each point, I

was be able to twist panels around in a particular

angle. The reasons why I consider this as success-

ful outcome are: first, it can be twist and change

patterns at the same time, which is what my de-

sign criteria is ain for. Second, it reminds me of

folding panels that often installed on the facade of

the building in order to achieve sustainability and

a better user experience. Each of the panels can

be individually opened to adjust the amount of

sunlight and ventilation that reaches the interior.

SPECIMEN 31. (Species 3, Specimen 1)2. (Species 4, Specimen 4)

Since the chosen research field is about pattern,

I though it would be interesting to test out some

parametric patterns and see how factors can have

a huge influence on the patterns we are trying to

create. From the picture above, we can see how

they are distinguished from each other, however,

the only difference is the “boundary surface”. This

outcome is surprisingly fit for my further detailed

design, where the same technique can be used to

produce such incredible pattern on the facades of

my design.

SPECIMEN 2 1. (Species 3, Specimen 5)2. (Species 4, Specimen 3)

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B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0

Architects: Studio Gang ArchitectsLocation: 200 North Columbus Drive, ChicagoArchitect of Record: Loewenberg & AssociatesOwner: Magellan DevelopmentProject Year: 2009

Aqua is an 87-story mixed-use residential skyscraper in the Lakeshore East development in downtown Chicago, Illinois.4 The design was inspired by the striated limestone outcroppings common in the Lakes area around the site. But this sinuous shape is not just a mere formal gesture, but it is also a strategy to extend the views and maximise solar shading. The design is focus on vertical patterning technique rath-er than flat patterns on particular facade. In the section, I will produce the project using parametric tools and find a pathway of combining the techniques that I have learnt from these two case studies.

4. SUSAN DIESENHOUSE, "Work To Begin On Aqua Tower", tribunedigital-chicagotribune, 2003 <http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2007-02-28/business/0702280163_1_starwood-hotels-ho-tel-rooms-resorts-worldwide> [accessed 26 April 2016].

"Aqua Tower Awarded Skyscraper Of The Year 2009", Office-suites.com, 2016 <http://www.office-suites.com/commercialnews/aqua-tower-awarded-skyscraper-of-the-year-1800> [accessed 29 April

2016].

20 21

STEP 1:

Creating the base geometry, which is a rectangle. I

used the section and top view construction draw-

ing of the building to find out X and Y values of the

rectangle, In order to achieve the most similar re-

sult.

STEP 2:

Since I decide to use mesh technique to produce re-

verse-engineer, the next thing to do is to construct

mesh from the geometry I created.

STEP 3:

Using Import image instead of image sampler

can be handy, when I had problems that I can-

not solve. The image I have imported became a

mesh surface, which is the reason why I changed

the geometry surface into mesh simultaneously.

The image is the accurate facade image that can

be found online. I take an advantage of blurry

greyscale image, where the white part will be the

“balcony” that stick out of the facade.

STEP 4:

Using vector amplitude sets the vector length of

each point to a specific value

STEP 5:

The final step is to interpolate curve through

points and create planer surface then extrude

along Z axis. However, I faced problem where

there were repeated points on each plane, which

caused the liners connected to each other. In the

end, I used Cull Index which selects and deletes

the last points on each plane.

REVERSE-ENGINEER PROCESS

22 23

My iterations of reverse-engineer is shown in this

section, through the development, design criteria

that I selected has changed a little. My iterations

will now be focus on extrusion and twisting tech-

niques, as well as creating three dimensional pat-

terns in a vertical plan. I am also expecting to cre-

ate some iterations that can draw a link between

similar existing precedents.

B.4.TECHNIQUE DEVELOPEMNT

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SPECIES 1The original definitions

Changing images and vectors

SPECIES 2 Changing primary geometry Twisting + Piping

SPECIES 3 Changing primary geometry 2.0

Using graph samplar to control both ends Piping + Extruding

B.4. TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT: ITERATIONS FOR CASE STUDY 2.0

26 27

B.4. TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT: ITERATIONS FOR CASE STUDY 2.0

SPECIES 4 Using graoh samplar for facade effections

Extruding + Planer surface

SPECIES 5 Similar to original definitionPop 2D to select points instead of Image samplarExtruding + Planer surface

SPECIES 6 Twisting and changing geometry

Extruding

28 29

The Eden project creates two large biomes, which

are Tropical biome and Mediterranean biome. In

oder to meet the needs for these two entirely differ-

ent biomes, architects will need to find new design

alternatives and technology. Each dome contains

hundreds of hexagons and pentagons, which sup-

ported by steel frame with two layers overlap. The

special design of geometry bring efficiency to the

building. The material also maximises the surface

area and minimises the complected perimeter de-

tailing. The building is moving towards environmen-

tal sustainability and building efficiency. In this case,

computerization creates a inspirational platform for

exploring geometries, also a shortcut of defining the

architecture form

SUCCESSSFUL ITERATIONS 1

http://australianarchaeology.blogspot.com.au/2013/03/carlton-brewery-archaeological.html

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Designs that are using graph sampler really

demonstrate how precise every single part chang-

es along with the whole geometry. I create the

closing top end by employ the graph technique

that I have had a brief understanding from case

study 1. Later adding warp knitting mesh to the

facade in order to draw a link between the existing

building and aqua tower.

SUCCESSSFUL ITERATIONS 2

http://www.huftonandcrow.com/projects/gallery/the-gherkin/

32 33

I start off twisting around rectangle when I reach

the point where the rectangle was slightly rotated,

it reminds me of the famous absolute world tower.

So I drew lines in rhino in order to create a similar

primary geometry. Then using same rotating tech-

nique and pushed iterations to its limits. Through

the development, I gained knowledge of rotate

by using “graph sampler”, “pie”, “number sliders”,

which can be quit helpful for my future design for

part C.

SUCCESSSFUL ITERATIONS 3

http://www.theurbanaesthetic.com/photography/architecture/

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B.5.PROTOTYPES

36 37

1. ROTATING PANELS TO CREATE PATTERN

Rubber bands are used as joints to keep balsa wood

panels in place. Balsa wood is light, flexible and easy to

work with since rubber bands itself cannot carry mas-

sive loads. Each panel was cut in particular shape in

oder to get the nice curvy pattern. This prototype is a

recreation of iteration that I did for case study 2, it can

be seen in a bigger scale with denser layers

38 39

The Voronoi diagram is a way of division or decompo-

sition of space. Voronoi diagram is being used so often

by architects because it produces very organic looking

patterns. I present the technique for creating orna-

mental designs using Voronoi diagrams. It is not easy

to achieve the flexibility of Voronoi. The idea of using

rubber bands to provide the flexible patterns and pins

that provide intersections and base points where “pat-

terns” can build upon. However, this prototype will

require improvements if it will be used under design

conditions where no facade is provided.

2. VORONOI

40 41

Triangles as primary geometry is made by paper. A

balance takes place between the repetitive framework

of the rectangular panels and irregular interconnec-

tions as the prototype bends. Although, paper is a

easy material to start testing with, what our detailed

design requires must be the combination of a new

material and digital design and fabrication methods.

Laser cutting allows me to have precise panels and an

accurate assemble process.

3. EMERGING PATTERNS

42 43

The patterns are creating interesting shadows on the floor

IgilThe image above is the prototype for our group’s interim proposal, where we create this sheltered space for

people with sittings instead. The material that we choose is plywood, not only because it’s flexibility, but also the

low transportation cost. However, the plain warp facade did not meet our design criteria. Through the study of

patterning and development of case study one, we agreed employ patterns onto the facades.

4. INTERIM PROPOSAL FEEDBACK ADN DEVELOPMENT

The pattern material is connected with wires. Wires cre-

ate the frameworks of the design and perforated materi-

al form different forms and directions of folding.

44 45

Rotating geometry is what I have been focus on for part B, It is interesting

to see how this technique can be achieved by cutting and folding papers,

where no separated joints were required. The complex rotation of this pro-

totype was made with only one fold in paper.

The technique is used for my individual proposal, where the rotating tun-

nel is created to framing the view and provide attractions. Paper folding

technique won’t work under the design condition,which means I will need

keep on looking for new solution of how to join each parts together.

5. ROTATING GEOMETRY 6. INDIVIDUAL PROPOSAL

46 47

Taking the opportunity and experienced laser cutting for the first time

What I found great about laser cutting are: laser cutting provides clean cut edges

without burr or dust formation and is able to cut various material thicknesses

and combinations in one operation. and it’s separated from fitted printed boards,

also there is no material deformation due to contactless material processing and

no tensioning device or protective cover necessary. Lastly, the high level of preci-

sion and positional accuracy of the cut edges is great for model making.

7. LASER CUTTING EXPERIMENT

48 49

B.6. TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL"To provide a sheltered space isolated from the manmade urban landforms for visitors to rest and get together in the middle of their journey."

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52 53

Parametric design provides endless possibilities. Even in ex-

perienced hands, parametric programs can produce alarm-

ingly undisciplined results. The Harvard University histori-

an Antoine Picon, author of Digital Culture in Architecture,

observes that “the capacity of the computer to transform

almost every formal choice into a viable constructive assem-

blage reinforces the possibilities offered to the architect to

play with forms without worrying about their structural im-

plications too much.” That can sometimes be a disadvantage

that parametric design, for example, even some of the great

outcomes that I created are not suitable for precise fabrica-

tion and construction. Bigger projects would have same con-

cerns for sure in computation driven design.

LAERNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

Through The 5 weeks learning and developing, I found

that there are more to the parametric design world that

I did not know before. Different grasshopper plug-ins,

some of them can be used to create animation, some of

them use sound captures to have affections on the design.

I am willing to develop and explore women with grass-

hopper and using the techniques that I have learnt for my

part c design.

The one thing that I found difficult is to select design crite-

ria. My criteria was not clearly shown in my iterations and

designs. Ideas tend to shift from one point to another, I

found it hard to stick with on selected criteria through my

design process. This is something that draw my attention,

hopefully, I will come up with a better design criteria and

stick to it towards the end of semester.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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B.8ALGORITHM SKETCHES

"Massive Undulating Styrofoam Cup Cloud", My Modern Met, 2012 <http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/tara-donovan-styrofoam-cup-sculp-

ture> [accessed 20 March 2016].

56 57

CURTAIN WALLS CONSTRUCTION DETAIL

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CURTAIN WALL BUILDING PART 1 - GLASS

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CURTAIN WALL BUILDING PART 2 - SPIDER FIXING AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

62 63

MESH SURFACES

64 65

WAVEBIRDE EXPERIMENT

66 67

FOLDING PANELS

68 69

BIBLIOGRAPHY

"Aqua Tower Awarded Skyscraper Of The Year 2009", Office-suites.com, 2016 <http://www.office-suites.com/

commercialnews/aqua-tower-awarded-skyscraper-of-the-year-1800> [accessed 29 April 2016]

"Cladding De Young With Patterns", Scratchcomputing.com, 2016 <http://scratchcomputing.com/about/

deYoung/> [accessed 26 April 2016]

DIESENHOUSE, SUSAN, "Work To Begin On Aqua Tower", tribunedigital-chicagotribune, 2003 <http://articles.

chicagotribune.com/2007-02-28/business/0702280163_1_starwood-hotels-hotel-rooms-resorts-world-

wide> [accessed 29 April 2016]

"De Young Museum", Patrick Lopez Jaimes, 2016 <http://www.patrickljaimes.com/de-young-museum/> [ac-

cessed 29 April 2016]

Schumacher, Patrik, "Parametric Patterns", Architectural Design, 79 (2009), 28-41.

Schumacher, Patrik, "Parametricism: A New Global Style For Architecture And Urban Design", Architectural

Design, 79 (2009), 14-23.

S-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com, 2016 <https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/7e/c6/8a/7e-

c68a18f6ddaf804a5a621e1ea63ad8.jpg> [accessed 29 April 2016]