air journal - part b

STUDIO AIRKubra Aktepe

CONCEPTUALISATION 3

2016, SEMESTER 1, Canhui Chen Kubra Kevser Aktepe 699148

4 CONCEPTUALISATION CONCEPTUALISATION 5

Table of Contents

5 Introduction

7 Conceptualisation

9 A.1 Design Futuring

10 Homeostatic Facade System

12 EcoARK Pavilion

15 A.2 Design Computation

16 Barclays Center

18 Voussoir Cloud

21 A.3 Composition / Generation

22 Sixth Order

24 My Thread Pavilion

26 References

28 B. Criteria Design

31 B.1 Research Field

34 B.2 Case Study 1.0

48 B.3 Case Study 2.0

54 B.4 Technique Development

68 B.5 Technique: Prototypes

74 B.6 Technique: Proposal

80 B.7 Learning Objectives and Outcomes

82 B.8 Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches

100 References

Introduction

Age 20, I am eager to find new methods of design processes and innovations to broaden my knowledge on what an architect can be capable of designing. Coming from an eager childhood of love toward the arts, I would have never imagined that through simple steps of algorithmic scripts a whole building can be designed with no complex mathematical problems, neither any aesthetic setbacks. Technology and its advancements have come so far into the architectural world that one would not think twice about what the boundaries of design might be. You simply create as further as your imagination dwells. I am still at the beginning of my learning curve with my experience in using digital design tools, however am eager to find out how far my creativity can take me. Interested in design approach through the use of technology to create sustainable outcomes would probably have to be my driving factor towards how to create structures which not only serve a particular purpose but must also aesthetically look appealing. The dynamism of using computational methods now is that they have minimal limitations on what you can create, this is a great step towards design futuring. Our anthropocentric outlook on the world we live in has led to consequences of degradation, exploitation and even extinction. If our future is to continue to advance in technology and design, then we must take initiative to design on the basis that our structures have a positive impact towards our future, because it is not the generations before us who will live in it, it will be us, and for that purpose we should always consider how our buildings might function on a grand-scale scheme of things rather then a micro-outlook. It is vital that as growing designers of the current age, we understand the reality of our worlds situation. Engaging with other disciplines will light the way towards a world-shaping force, as every design choice has a direct impact on our future. We need to understand that nature alone cannot continue to withstand our demands, therefore we must design smarter to become independent inhabitants of the future. Thus, through existing computational programs, designers will be able to think the unthinkable and design audaciously, however we must always conceptualize our designs on the basis that it has a positive impact on our world.


PART A / / C O N C E P T U A L I S A T I O N


A.1 DESIGN FUTURING


The system functions with the presence of

an actuator which transfers electric energy

to the silver coated ribbons on the exterior of

the building. The fabrication of these ribbons

through the use of polymer materials which

when polarized, ‘distributes an electrical

charge, cause the material to deform’2 as a

direct response to heat. This deformation

enables the ribbons to increase in size,

which furthermore prevents thermal gain.

Based on natural principles, this project

is a glimpse into how a combination

of expertise in the fields of science,

engineering and architecture can produce

an eco-friendly building to address

contemporary issues of the current age.

One cannot define the parameters of what

makes a sustainable building, however,

progression towards efficient automated

mechanical systems such as the Homoeostatic

Facade System is a great step within the

field of Design Futuring to better our Future.

An inspirational project based on the

biological system of homoeostasis - the

principle of maintaining a stable condition1 ,

focuses on a facade system which regulates

the internal environment through an

automatic response to climatic conditions.

Sunlight and temperature variations allow

the self-regulating facade system comprised

of a ribbon inside the cavity of a double

skin glass facade to adjust automatically

through the use of an engineered system.

1 A. Simitch, V. Warke, The Language of Architecture: 28 Principles every architect should know (USA: Rockport, 2014), p.962 http://materia.nl/article/homeostatic-facade-system/ [4.03.16]

by Decker yeaDon, new york

HomeostaticFacade System


Not only does it meet requirements of

great innovation through recycling, but the

building uses a ventilation system which runs

through the systematical process of collecting

rainstorm water to bathe the structure,

furthermore creating a cooling effect.

The building now functioning as an

exhibition hall4, holding fashion shows,

meetings and expositions is a great

addition to the architectural cityscape.

The EcoARK pavilion has set a great example

on how to recycle waste products and

create an aesthetically pleasing show-piece.

Design Futuring through innovative ideas

like this is “hailed as a new benchmark for

the future of green buildings” [Figure 5]

Plastic bottles; one of the most

ecologically detrimental hazards to

ecology is now on the forefront as a recycled

element within the construction industry,

breaking new ground and heightening the

importance of sustainable architecture.

EcoARK Pavilionby MInIwIZ, TaIpeI

The design of this pavilion is a world first

as a fully functioning structure made

using recycled PET bottles to form POLLI-

Bricks3. This newly found innovation, built

entirely from 1.5 million recycled plastic

bottles is able to withstand earthquakes

through its structurally stable steel frame.

3 http://www.miniwiz.com/miniwiz/en/projects/archi/ecoark [04.03.16] 4 A. Simitch, V. Warke, The Language of Architecture: 28 Principles every architect should know (USA: Rockport, 2014), p.62


A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION


Barclays Centerby SHop arcHITecTS, brooklyn

The facade latticework encountered a

slight dilemma within the construction

phase, whereby all panels were individually

designed through the use of advanced

parametric modelling tools. The process

involved the “exporting of the panels

into a program which then generated

a material-efficient layout”6 to allow for

the production of the parts, optimizing

the shape of the structure. Such complex

design issues explore the digital chain

between composition and computerization

within the architectural domain.

5 http://archpaper.com/news/articles.asp?id=6284 [10.03.16]6 http://bimforum.org/san-antonio-bimforum-agenda/barclays-center-facade-design-delivery/ [10.03.16]

Computerization has become the

architectural phenomenon of the

growing age. Solutions are now being

found easily through the use of software

and digital design. Complex design

issues which arise within construction

processes are no longer a hindering factor

towards design approach for architects.

The Barclays Center is one of the many

projects whereby the digital chain links to

the design composition to the process of

construction a history of budget concerns,

the initial conceptual designs for the arena,

led by Frank Gehry was scrapped, after

which SHoP Architects unveiled the design

idea for a structure banded by a glass curtain

wall composed entirely of 12,000 uniquely

engineered pre-weathered steel panels 5.


Through computational programs such as

Rhino they were able to script the “petal

edge plan curvature as a function of

tangent offset” the more they scripted the

offset function the greater the curvature

became 7. Each curvature is dependent on

the voids adjacent, similar to the hanging

chains method by use of anchor points,

the shape is derived.

Complex architecture as such is

composed and generated through a set

of fundamental rules and applications.

Architectural processes in the are able

to generate outcomes which would

otherwise take years to develop and build.

The Voussoir Cloud is an exploration

of parametric structural

compression through the use of

the computational hanging chains

method inspired by Antonio Gaudi.

The refining of the profile lines and the

form finding programs allow the artist to

determine the compressive vaults and

their strengths. The use of catenary curve

simulation through computational methods

determine the cell density as smaller

sections are prevalent at the column bases

and edges whereas the shells of the

upper vaults loosen and gain porosity 7.

Voussoir Cloudby IwaMoToScoTT, loS angeleS, 2008

7 http://www.iwamotoscott.com/filter/FEATURED/VOUS-SOIR-CLOUD [12.03.16]


A.3COMPOSITION/GENERATION


Digital fabrication is now able to

generate complex and abstracted

forms through algorithmic operations.

Hansmeyer uses data for the different

elements of the column, as stated

“The input form contains data about

the proportions of the column’s shaft,

capital, and supplemental base” 8. Each

individual component is distinguished

from each other, whereby “processes

of inherent formal characteristics are

individually tagged and then assigned

specific behavioural parameters”9.

Inherently, this process of computational

design enables the artist to generate the

design without any initial knowledge on

what the outcome might will look like.

Therefore, the driving force of the design is

purely based on the algorithmic simulation

rather then compositional form. The process

can varyingly be repeated within different

parameters to produce diverse outcomes.

Columns have always been a very

beautifully decorated element within

architectural history through the use of

ornamentation, one cannot imagine that

a newly found computational algorithm

so simply technological can remarkably

create the most exquisite of all columns.

Sixth Orderby MIcHael HanSMeyer,

Hansmeyer explores the use of a simple

computational method to create varyingly

diverse experiments, such as the Sixth

Order. Through a process of Subdivision he

is able to create a continuous folding motion

by the use of an algorithm, to eventually

develop individually fascinating outcomes.

8 http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/projects/columns_info.html?screenSize=1&color=0 [16.03.16] 9 A. Simitch, V. Warke, The Language of Architecture: 28 Principles every architect should know (USA: Rockport, 2014), p.200


myThread Pavilion by Jenny SabIn STuDIo, nIke STaDIuM nyc

Once the biological data is collected the

surface patterns are generated by use of

dynamic body data through 3D modelling

techniques as a direct response to the

material construct, as “Aluminium rings

stretch the fabric into spatial tubes that weave

the pavilion into the surrounding space” 11

The material sensitivity to respond to

sunlight and physical presence invokes

great design issues such as sustainability.

Generative architecture through methods

of computation is stretching to a whole

new level. Micro-biological data can

now be the source of inspiration to

Rethinking art within the domain of

architecture through dimensions of

materialistic approach towards what can

and cant be used within the industry is

a design challenge. Through challenges

as such, Sabin explores the use of thread

to create complex formfitting structure

on a performance-enhancing shoe 10.

In collaboration with a series of runners

in an earlier Nike Flyknit workshop,

Sabin “transformed the patterns of this

biological data into the geometry and

material of the knitted structure”10.

10 http://jennysabin.com/?p=684 [16.03.16] 11 A. Simitch, V. Warke, The Language of Architecture: 28 Principles every architect should know (USA: Rockport, 2014), p.201


REFERENCES:

BOOKS:

A. Simitch, V. Warke, The Language of Architecture: 28 Principles every architect should know (USA: Rockport, 2014)

WEBSITES:

http://materia.nl/article/homeostatic-facade-system/ [4.03.16]

http://www.miniwiz.com/miniwiz/en/projects/archi/ecoark [04.03.16]

http://archpaper.com/news/articles.asp?id=6284 [10.03.16]

http://bimforum.org/san-antonio-bimforum-agenda/barclays-center-facade-design-delivery/ [10.03.16]

http://www.iwamotoscott.com/filter/FEATURED/VOUSSOIR-CLOUD [12.03.16]

http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/projects/columns_info.html?screenSize=1&color=0 [16.03.16]

http://jennysabin.com/?p=684 [16.03.16]


PART B / / CRITERIA DESIGN


B.1 RESEARCH FIELD


PROJECTS OF INTEREST

My THreaD paVIlIonby Jenny SabIn STuDIo, nIke STaDIuM nyc

green VoIDby laVa, SHell STar paVIlIon

by MaTSyS

VouSSoIr clouDby IwaMoToScoTT, loS angeleS, 2008

Beginning this research project I had varying interests in a series of diverse design projects. These forms of generative designs intrigued me as they explore meth-ods of catenary curved design schemes and the use of an organic truncated piping. My interest lay in how different design schemes can be incorporated to produce outcomes of varyingly diverse responses through algorithmic scripting.

HANGING CHAINSELASTICITY

ORGANICBIOTHING

MEMBRANE KINETICS


bIoTHIng,SerouSSI paVIlIon,parIS 2007

“Biothing is a form which takes shape through self-modifying patterns of vectors based on electromagnetic fields, through logics of attraction/repulsion trajectories...”

BIOTHING | REPOSITORY OF Computation Design Wednesday, March 24th, 2010

B.2 CASE STUDY 1.0


THe orIgInal


ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF THIS GENERATION IS EXPLORED THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL METHODS OF DIGITAL TECHNIQUES. THROUGH SIMPLE METHODS OF ALTERATIONS AND ALGORITHMIC SKETCHING A NEW WORLD OF PATTERNING AND MATERIAL PERFORMANCE CAN BE OBSERVED, HENCE, ARCHITECTURE HAS NEVER BEEN MORE ELABORATELY INTRIGUING THEN EVER BEFORE.

MY OUTCOMES ARE BASED ON ORGANIC FORMS WHICH HAVE BEEN MODIFIED TO FURTHERMORE EXPLORE MOTIVES OF THE HANGING CHAINS METHOD, THEY GENERATE SCHEMATIC PROPOSALS TOWARDS MEMBRANE KINETICS


B.3 CASE STUDY 2.0


myThread Pavilion by Jenny SabIn STuDIo, nIke STaDIuM nyc


THE TEXTURE OF THE OUTCOME FOR THE REVERSE ENGINEERING IS THE MOST ELABORATELY SHAPED FORMS WHICH I HAVE MANAGED TO CREATE. ITS DELICACY AS IN THE CONTEXT OF MATERIALITY IS COMPLEX AND POSSESSES ITS OWN CHARACTER.

THROUGH MATERIAL PERFORMANCES AND THE USE OF ALGORITHMIC TECHNIQUES THROUGH GRASSHOPPER ONE IS ABLE TO CREATE SUCH INTRICATE OUTCOMES, THROUGH SCRIPTS DEVELOPED, MORE COMPLEXITIES CAN BE EXPLORE TO GENERATE OUTCOMES WHICH EXPLORE THIS ORGANIC FORM THROUGH LINE SIMULATIONS USING GRASSHOPPER TO THEN PLUGIN TO GEOM MAPPER/ISO SURFACE.


ORGANIC FORM COMPLEXITIES THROUGH

SIMPLE ALGORITHMIC MANIPULATIONS...

B.4 TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT


B.5 TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES

| METAL WIRE, INSECT SCREEN, PRESENTATION BOX... |


MATERIALISATION THROUGH THE USE OF AN INSECT SCREEN AND METAL WIRES CAN CREATE SPONTANEOUS FORMS WHICH EXPLORE TEXTURES DIRECTLY RELATED TO MY FIELD OF INTEREST WITHIN THIS PROJECT.

THE OUTCOME BEING OF THE UNKNOWN, I WORKED TO FIND A FORM WHICH SUITED MY DESIGN TECHNIQUE (ORGANIC - MESH)DEVELOPED ON GRASSHOPPER. DESIGN EXPLORATIONS OF BOTH ALGORITHMIC MODELLING USING COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN PARALLEL TO THAT OF PROTOTYPING THROUGH PHYSICAL MODELLING RESULTS IN SEEMINGLY DIVERSE OUTCOMES OF EQUALLY INTRIGUING FORMS.

THROUGH PROTOTYPING I HAVE TESTED HOW WIRES CAN BE USED TO CREATE A SKELETAL FORM WHICH IS THEN ENGULFED BY MESH. THE AFFECTS WHICH ARE CREATED BY THE MESH ARE VERY ORGANIC AND CAN FORM VARIOUS SHAPES WITH EASE OF FLEXIBILITY.

THE MATERIALISATION OF THE MESH USED IS PERFECT TOWARDS IDEAS RELATED TO MERRI CREEK SPECIFICALLY IN REGARDS TO ITS CAPACITY TO DIFFUSE WATER THROUGH THE WEAVE YET CAPTURE SOLID OBJECTS.


B.6 TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL

WEBBED LIKE SURFACES, THROUGH MESH, CREATE OUTCOMES OF GREATER COMPLEXITY FROM THAT OF SCRIPTING USED WITHIN REVERSE ENGINEERING. THROUGH SIMPLE ALTERATIONS AND MANIPULATIONS TO THE SCRIPT, ONE IS ABLE TO CREATE OUTCOMES OF GREAT ATTRIBUTES TOWARDS MEMBRANE KINETICS. THESE FORMS REMIND ME OF SOME FORM OF WEBBED STRUCTURE, WHICH CAN BE USED ULTIMATELY DEPENDING ON ITS MEMBRANE COMPLEXITY TO CARRY ITEMS, AS CATCHMENTS, AS A PLAYFUL OBJECT WITHIN A SPACE OR BETTER YET FACILITATE TO RESOLVE AN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE. INITIATING FROM A WIDE ARRAY OF DESIGN GENERATIVE IDEAS TO FORM MORE INTRICATE ITERATIONS AS SUCH IS AN OUTCOME OF USING GRASSHOPPER. MANIPULATIONS AT THIS LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY IS ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE THROUGH OTHER FORMS OF PROGRAMMING.

HOW CAN AN OBJECT WITHIN A SPACE EXPLORE ISSUES DEEPER THEN WHAT WE CAN SEE?


Merri Creek - Site Analysis 1

2

3

1 2

3

5

4

4

5

THe groVe - egan reSerVe, coburg, VIc

ONE OF THE MAIN CONCERNS WHICH I AM KEEN TO ADDRESS IS RUBBISH BUILD UP ON THE EDGE OF THE BANK OF THE CREEK. THIS ENVIRONMENTALLY

DETRIMENTAL HAZARD CAUSES VISUAL DISCOMFORT AND IS AN ISSUE OF GREAT CONCERN WITH REGARDS TO MAINTAINING A HEALTHY ECOLOGY.


Proposal - Litter Traps

A WEBBED LIKE STRUCTURE CREATED USING A COLOURED WEAVE MESH WOULD WORK SYSTEMATICALLY TO CREATE A BARRIER TOWARDS ENHANCING THE ECOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF THE CREEK. RUBBISH WHICH IS SWEPT AWAY EITHER BY WIND, WATER OR SIMPLY AN ACT OF LITTERING WILL BE TRAPPED USING THIS MECHANISM PROPOSED. SUBMERGED INTO THE CREEK ON ONE HALF AND THE OTHER HALF ATTACHED TO THE BANK OF THE CREEK, THE MESH WOULD PROLONG FLOW OF WATER IN THE CREEK HOWEVER STILL WORKING TO TRAP SOLID OBJECTS WHICH CANNOT PASS THROUGH ITS PHYSICAL PRESENCE. ONCE THE LITTER IS TRAPPED, ALLOCATED DAYS WILL BE SET TOWARDS THOSE APPOINTED TO PRESERVE THE CREEK TO COLLECT THE RUBBISH BUILD UP WITHIN THESE TRAPS. THIS PROPOSAL SERVES AS A POSITIVE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LIVING BY MAINTAINING HEALTHY ECOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF THE CREEK. IT IS VITAL TO DESIGN SMART AS DESIGNS OF THE FUTURE ARE DEVELOPING TO BECOME NOT SOLELY BASED ON THE AESTHETICS, BUT OF ITS CAPACITY TO MAKE A CHANGE TOWARDS THE BETTERING OF OUR ENVIRONMENT.


WITHIN THIS STUDIO WE HAVE EXPLORED DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS OF

ARCHITECTURE THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL METHODS. THE KNOWLEDGE GAINED

WITHIN THIS AREA OF STUDY HAS BEEN EYE OPENING TO THE VARIETY OF

RESEARCH FIELDS WHICH CAN BE EXPLORED EVEN FURTHER. DESIGNS OF

THIS GENERATION ARE MOVING TOWARDS COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AS A

MEANS BY WHICH SOLUTIONS OF GREAT DESIGN COMPLEXITIES CAN BE SOLVED

YET MORE IMPORTANTLY DESIGN GENERATION . ONE CAN NOW GENERATE

MORE INTRICATELY FORMED GEOMETRIES, SHAPES, TEXTURES AND PATTERNS

THROUGH THE USE OF COMPUTATIONAL ALGORITHMIC SCRIPTING TO THEN

APPLY TO THE REAL WORLD. I AM VERY INTERESTED IN HOW DESIGN CAN

BE OF THE UNKNOWN, YET BY SIMPLE CODING ONE CAN GENERATE FORMS

THAT ARE RIDICULOUSLY INTRICATE AND INSPIRING, SIMILAR TO THE SIXTH

ORDER BY MICHAEL HANSMEYER. AFTER CONSIDERATION INTO THIS FIELD,

I HAVE BECOME FOND OF USING THIS TECHNIQUE TO DEVELOP MY OWN

DESIGN IDEAS WHICH WOULD TAKE MORE TIME WITHOUT PROGRAMMING

THROUGH OTHER FORMS OF PROGRAMMING. IT IS A VERY INNOVATIVE WAY

TO DESIGN, AND I BELIEVE THE FUTURE OF DESIGN WILL PREDOMINANTLY

BE LED BY COMPUTATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL METHODS. YET IT IS ALL

THE MORE IMPORTANT TO CREATE DESIGNS WHICH SERVE TO CREATE A

BETTERING OF OUR ENVIRONMENT, AS WE OF THIS GENERATION ARE THE

ONES RESPONSIBLE IN DETERMINING HOW OUR FUTURE TAKES SHAPE.

B.7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES


B.8 APPENDIX: ALGORITHMICSKETCHES


EVALUATING FIELDS


EXPRESSIONS


GRAPHING CONTROLERS


GRAPHING SECTION PROFILES


IMAGE SAMPLING


REFERENCES:

INTERNET:

VOUSSOIR CLOUD

https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=voussoir+cloud&view=detailv2&&id=251557EDF0F65FC085C774D616B9A0BE714F0429&selectedIndex=124&ccid=PuhMPxTv&simid=608012175731658013&thid=OIP.M3ee84c3f14ef0d267dacfeaf23d10f92o0&ajaxhist=0

SHELL STAR PAVILION

https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=shell+star+pavilion&view=detailv2&&id=39E246EAF299168333C091D2C0FFCBA34937D581&selectedIndex=15&ccid=oBR2vnRe&simid=608044078754038828&thid=OIP.Ma01476be745eaecf04f712b7b7ea8eaao0&ajaxhist=0

MY THREAD PAVILION IMAGE

https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=%22my+thread%22+pavilion&view=detailv2&&id=3D51222F4017FBD796C991E8D0DFC8C5BD30129F&selectedIndex=26&ccid=THwbuxRX&simid=607989631450091222&thid=OIP.M4c7c1bbb14577b1f9005673650e83ee3o0

VERY MANY IMAGE

https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=marc+fornes&view=detailv2&&id=8A7B11B20C43A89FC94947B840DCBB2A6C6E9DDF&selectedIndex=27&ccid=wWVv57Np&simid=608037223981123175&thid=OIP.Mc1656fe7b36983d46af85dac5802b9bfo0&ajaxhist=0

air journal - part b

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