year 7 history ancient egypt starter sheets readings
TRANSCRIPT
Year 7 HistoryAncient Egypt Starter Sheets
Readings
Year
7 H
ist
- A
ncie
nt
Eg
yp
t 1
N
um
era
cy A
cti
vit
y
Year 7 Hist - Ancient Egypt 2 Reading Activity The Nile Put in the Capitals! Remember at the start of sentences and the names of countries and people need a capital letter!!
NILE RIVER“egypt is a gift of the nile” wrote the ancient greek thinker herodotus in
the 5th century b.c. he was right for along the banks of this mighty river one of the worlds oldest, most civilized, wealthy and oldest civilizations sprang forth.it is now known that 2 mighty rivers the blue nile and the white nile meet at khartoum in the sudan. they join to form the single nile river which flows through right through egypt on its journey to the mediterranean sea. the nile starts in the centre of africa and at 6,741 kilometers is the worlds longest river. it really is egypt’s lifeblood and now as in ancient times the egyptians rely on it flooding between july and october each year. the building of the massive aswan dam by modern egypt has helped in the regulation of their water reserves. it is in the fertile valleys beside the nile river, that nearly all of egypt’s food and crops are grown. the nile river as well as providing egypt with a way of feeding itself was also its primary means of transportation and trade. it united the people and towns of egypt and gave them common identity and easy access to communication. the desert was both dangerous and feared. yes feared and respected because of the following reasons;• lack of water• heat and dehydration• sand storms that could literally blow you away• bandit gangs• the ancient egyptians believed that it was inhabited by evil spirits for thousands of years debated the original source of the nile. it was to remain a mystery until the explorers speke, burton and grant were able to link the nile river to lakes victoria and albert. speke and burton were to argue violently over its source. it is now known that the actual source of the nile is even further south in the ruwenzori highlands. while most of egypt is a dry and sandy desert, the land around the nile is exceptionally fertile and productive. farmers have learned to manage the river with dams and canals. these have meant that they can store water for drought times. this has helped to get rid of the previous “boom or bust” nature of egyptian life in this land of 70 million people
Year
7 H
ist
- A
ncie
nt
Eg
yp
t 3
Read
ing
Acti
vit
y F
ood
in
An
cie
nt
Eg
yp
t
Most
of
the f
ert
ile land in t
he N
ile v
alle
y h
ad t
o b
e u
sed f
or
gro
win
g f
ood
crops,
so t
here
was
not
much
room
for
gra
zing a
nim
als
. O
nly
ric
h p
eople
ate
meat
regula
rly.
Ord
inary
people
did
not
eat
much
meat
from
catt
le,
sheep o
r goats
, but
many w
ork
ers
kept
pig
s and a
te fi
sh,
even t
hough t
hey w
ere
told
by t
he p
riest
s th
at
pork
and fi
sh w
ere
uncl
ean.
Many b
irds
were
eate
n.
Som
e w
ere
caught
aliv
e a
nd t
hen
fatt
ened u
p b
y b
ein
g f
orc
ed t
o e
at
bre
ad s
oake
d in o
il and w
ine.
Duck
s, g
eese
and
even p
elic
ans
were
kept
for
their
meat
and t
heir
eggs.
People
als
o a
te p
igeons
and
quails
at
banquets
.Po
or
people
would
have liv
ed m
ain
ly o
n b
read a
nd v
egeta
ble
s, s
uch
as
onio
ns,
radis
hes,
cucu
mber
and g
arl
ic.
Fruit
s su
ch a
s m
elo
ns,
date
s, fi
gs
and
pom
egra
nate
s w
ere
als
o g
row
n,
but
ora
nges,
lem
ons,
bananas,
cherr
ies,
pears
and
peach
es
were
unknow
n .
The b
read w
as
rough a
nd g
ritt
y,
as
the c
orn
was
gro
und b
y
hand u
sing r
ough s
tones.
It w
as
very
diffi
cult
to k
eep f
ood f
resh
in s
uch
a h
ot
clim
ate
. Fo
od w
as
salt
ed,
dri
ed in t
he s
un o
r pic
kle
d t
o p
rese
rve it.
It
is t
hought
that
spic
es
and s
trong
flavours
were
needed t
o h
ide t
he f
act
that
the m
eat
was
not
fresh
. M
ilk c
ould
not
be
kept
for
long,
so it
was
oft
en m
ade into
yogurt
or
cheese
. A
cre
am
y k
ind o
f ch
eese
was
calle
d labna a
nd t
here
was
a h
ard
er
one c
alle
d g
ebna.
The a
nci
ent
Egypti
ans
did
not
gro
w o
lives,
so t
here
was
no o
live o
il. T
hey
made o
il fr
om
sesa
me s
eeds
and lin
seed.
They c
ooke
d u
sing m
elt
ed d
ow
n a
nim
al fa
t.
Salt
was
wid
ely
use
d f
or
seaso
nin
g a
nd p
rese
rvin
g f
ood.
There
were
no c
itru
s fr
uit
s,
such
as
lem
ons,
so s
our
win
e o
r vin
egar
was
use
d inst
ead o
f le
mon juic
e.
Honey w
as
use
d f
or
sweete
nin
g f
ood.
An
sw
er
these q
uesti
on
s:
1.
Why w
as
there
so lit
tle r
oom
for
gra
zing a
nim
als
in a
nci
ent
Egypt?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
2.
Whic
h t
wo f
oods
were
consi
dere
d u
ncl
ean?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
3.
How
were
the b
irds
fatt
ened?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
4.
Whic
h b
irds
were
use
d f
or
their
eggs?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
5.
Whic
h t
wo k
inds
of
food f
orm
ed t
he m
ain
part
of
the p
oor
people
's d
iet?
____
____
____
_6
. N
am
e f
our
kin
ds
of
fruit
gro
wn in a
nci
ent
Egypt.
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_7
. N
am
e f
our
kin
ds
of
fruit
whic
h w
ere
not
found in a
nci
ent
Egypt.
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__8
. G
ive t
hre
e w
ays
in w
hic
h t
he a
nci
ent
Egypti
ans
pre
serv
ed f
ood.
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__9
. W
hat
were
labna a
nd g
ebna?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__1
0.
How
did
the a
nci
ent
Egypti
ans
sweete
n t
heir
food?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Ad
d in
form
ati
on
fro
m t
he t
ext
to m
ake t
he f
ollow
ing
SIM
PLE s
en
ten
ces in
to
CO
MP
LEX
sen
ten
ces.
1)
Egypt
had g
ood s
oil.
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_ 2
) Egypti
ans
ate
a v
ari
ety
of
meat.
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
-___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__3
) The N
ile p
rovid
ed f
ood.
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_4
) Egypti
ans
made w
ine.
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__5
) The E
gypti
ans
cooke
d t
heir
food.
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__6
) Egypti
ans
ate
raw
vegeta
ble
s __
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
7)
Egypti
ans
bake
d b
read.
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__8
) B
eer
was
made.
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Year
7 H
ist
– A
ncie
nt
Eg
yp
t 4
Read
ing
acti
vit
y
Th
e P
hara
oh
Th
e k
ing
s o
f Eg
yp
t w
ere
con
sid
ere
d t
o b
e m
ore
th
an
ju
st
ord
inary
men
. Th
e
peop
le t
hou
gh
t of
them
as _
____
__ a
nd
becau
se o
f th
is t
he P
hara
oh
cou
ld d
o
an
yth
ing
he lik
ed
an
d h
ave a
nyth
ing
he w
an
ted
. W
hen
th
e P
hara
oh
die
d,
he
had
to m
ake a
___
____
__ f
rom
th
is lif
e t
o t
he a
fterl
ife.
Sp
ecia
l p
oin
ted
b
uild
ing
s c
alled
___
____
_ w
ere
con
str
ucte
d t
o a
llow
th
e P
hara
oh
to m
ake t
his
jo
urn
ey.
In
sid
e t
he t
om
b e
very
thin
g t
hat
the P
hara
oh
wou
ld n
eed
for
the
jou
rney w
as s
tacked
aro
un
d h
is _
____
___.
Befo
re t
he P
hara
oh
cou
ld b
e b
uri
ed
h
is b
od
y h
ad
to b
e _
____
____
, w
hic
h w
as a
care
ful an
d _
____
_ p
rocess.
Fir
st
the
bod
y w
ou
ld b
e o
pen
ed
up
an
d a
ll t
he
vit
al org
an
s r
em
oved
, like t
he _
____
_, _
____
__ a
nd
kid
neys.
Th
ese w
ere
sto
red
in
sp
ecia
l ja
rs c
alled
___
____
_ ja
rs w
hic
h h
ad
a d
iffere
nt
God
’s h
ead
on
each
on
e.
(Th
e _
____
_ w
ere
pu
lled
ou
t th
rou
gh
th
e _
____
_ )
Th
en
th
e b
od
y w
as fi
lled
wit
h a
su
bsta
nce c
alled
natr
on
to _
____
it
ou
t an
d
aft
er
that
the b
od
y w
as w
rap
ped
in
___
____
_ an
d p
laced
in
a c
offi
n.
Oft
en
th
ere
wou
ld b
e a
death
___
____
pla
ced
over
the f
ace a
nd
severa
l la
yers
of
coffi
ns p
ut
aro
un
d t
he o
rig
inal.
Th
ey w
ou
ld a
lso h
ave t
he P
hara
oh
’s p
ictu
re
or
carv
ed
ou
tlin
e o
n t
he _
____
__.
Law
an
d O
rder
Uphold
ing t
he law
was
import
ant
for
Egypti
ans
beca
use
it
is a
part
of
"maat"
, th
e g
ood
ord
er
of
the w
orl
d t
hey liv
ed in.
Egypti
ans
belie
ved t
hat
only
the _
____
____
___
co
uld
giv
e E
gypt
maat,
this
is
just
ice a
nd g
ood o
rder.
Law
bre
ake
rs w
ere
tri
ed b
y a
___
____
____
__ a
nd g
iven s
evere
punis
hm
ents
if
they w
ere
fo
und g
uilt
y.La
w a
nd o
rder
did
som
eti
mes
bre
ak d
ow
n.
In D
ynast
y _
___
the t
om
bs
of
the k
ings
and
queens
were
robbed.
A g
ang o
f to
mb r
aid
ers
were
caught.
They w
ere
___
____
____
____
_
unti
l th
ey c
onfe
ssed a
nd t
hey w
ere
put
to _
____
____
___
by h
avin
g s
harp
spik
es
dri
ven
thro
ugh t
hem
.O
ften c
ourt
case
s se
ttle
d q
uarr
els
over
____
____
____
____
_ ow
ners
hip
, w
here
the judge
had t
o d
eci
de b
etw
een t
wo p
eople
cla
imin
g t
o o
wn t
he s
am
e p
iece
of
land.
This
was
not
diffi
cult
beca
use
Egypti
an _
____
____
____
_ had w
ritt
en d
ow
n law
s th
at
went
back
for
hundre
ds
of
____
____
____
_. a.
Is t
his
a p
rim
ary
or
seco
ndary
sourc
e?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
b.
What
is t
he c
onte
nt
of
this
sourc
e?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
c.W
hat
does
this
sourc
e t
ell
us
about
Egypti
an s
oci
ety
?__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_d
.W
hat
does
this
sourc
e t
ell
us
about
Egypti
an law
and o
rder?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
A s
up
erv
isor
beati
ng
a w
ork
er:
tom
b o
f M
en
na, 6
t " c
en
tury
BC
Kin
g,
judge,b
eat,
20
,
tort
ure
d,
death
, la
nd,
scri
bes,
years
How
th
e P
yra
mid
s w
ere
mad
e.
Un
derl
ine t
he w
ord
s t
hat
you
th
ink n
ot
every
on
e i
n
the c
lass w
ill
kn
ow
th
e m
ean
ing
of.
See i
f you
get
more
th
an
I d
o!!
1)
The p
hara
oh d
eci
ded t
hat
he w
an
ted a
pyra
mid
built
and c
om
mis
sioned a
n a
rchit
ect
to
dra
w a
pla
n o
f th
e p
yra
mid
. The a
rch
itect
dre
w t
he p
lan o
n p
apyru
s w
riti
ng n
ote
s an
d lab
els
aro
und t
he p
lan. Pyra
mid
s to
ok
ab
out
20
years
to b
uild
so p
hara
ohs
start
ed
build
ing t
hem
earl
y.2
) The p
lan
was
then s
how
ed
to t
he p
hara
oh f
or
his
ap
pro
val. T
he a
rchit
ect
would
have t
o
change t
he p
lan if
the p
hara
oh
did
n't
lik
e it.
If
the p
hara
oh a
pp
roved t
he p
lan, he g
ave
perm
issi
on f
or
the p
yra
mid
to b
e b
uilt
.3
) The p
hara
oh t
hen
deci
ded
wh
ere
he w
an
ted t
he p
yra
mid
to b
e b
uilt
. It
was
usu
ally
best
to
use
a larg
e fl
at
surf
ace
.4
) Fo
ur
post
s w
ere
dri
ven in
to t
he g
round f
aci
ng
nort
h, so
uth
, east
an
d w
est
. They f
orm
ed a
sq
uare
and
mark
ed t
he b
ase
of
the p
yra
mid
. R
opes
were
tie
d b
etw
een t
he f
our
post
s.5
) G
ran
ite a
nd lim
est
one b
lock
s w
ere
min
ed
in t
he q
uarr
ies
(Asw
an
in U
pper
Egyp
t). Sto
ne
maso
ns
cut
the b
lock
s in
to t
he r
ight
size
and
shape f
or
the p
yra
mid
.6
) The s
ton
e b
lock
s w
ere
tra
nsp
ort
ed b
y f
elu
cca b
oat
alo
ng
the N
ile t
o t
he s
ite o
f th
e p
yra
mid
. They w
ere
als
o t
ransp
ort
ed o
n w
ooden
sle
dg
es
whic
h c
ould
be d
ragg
ed a
cross
the g
roun
d.
7)
The w
ork
ers
sta
rted
to b
uild
the p
yra
mid
by m
aki
ng
the b
ase
firs
t. T
he w
ork
ers
were
u
sually
farm
ers
wh
o w
ork
ed
on t
he p
hara
ohs
bu
ildin
g p
roje
cts
du
ring t
he Inu
nd
ati
on p
eri
od
(July
- N
ovem
ber)
.8
) R
opes
and
mud r
am
ps
were
use
d t
o p
ush
the b
lock
s in
pla
ce. E
ach
tim
e a
new
layer
was
added
to t
he p
yra
mid
, th
e m
ud r
am
p w
as
made h
igher.
The r
opes
were
lik
e levers
.9
) The b
uri
al ch
am
ber,
fals
e b
uri
al ch
am
ber,
pass
agew
ays,
dead
ends,
air
shaft
s an
d t
rap
s w
ere
made insi
de t
he p
yra
mid
.1
0)
The o
uts
ide o
f th
e p
yra
mid
was
fin
ished a
nd it
was
coate
d w
ith lim
est
one b
lock
s so
that
it
would
gle
an
and s
hin
e in t
he s
un
shin
e.
11
) A
rtis
ts d
eco
rate
d t
he w
alls
of
the b
uri
al ch
am
ber
and
pass
agew
ays
wit
h h
iero
gly
ph
ics
and
w
all
pain
tings.
12
) The f
unera
l pro
cess
ion t
ook
the d
ead p
hara
oh in
his
sarc
oph
agus
to h
is p
yra
mid
. Th
e
sarc
ophagus
was
pla
ced
insi
de t
he b
uri
al ch
am
ber
alo
ng w
ith t
he p
hara
ohs
belo
ngin
gs
like
furn
itu
re, sh
abti
s, f
ood a
nd d
rin
k, o
rnam
ents
, st
atu
es
etc
.1
3)
The e
ntr
ance
to t
he p
yra
mid
was
seale
d w
ith
a s
tone s
lab a
nd c
overe
d in lim
est
one f
rom
th
e o
uts
ide.
Year
7 H
ist
- A
ncie
nt
Eg
yp
t 5
Read
ing
Acti
vit
y
Pyra
mid
su
mm
ary
It w
as
only
duri
ng t
he t
ime o
f th
e__
___
____
___
that
the a
nci
ent
Egypti
ans
built
pyra
mid
s to
hold
the _
___
_
____
__of
their
kin
gs.
Pyra
mid
s w
ere
huge s
truct
ure
s.
Pyra
mid
s had s
tora
ge r
oom
s, c
ourt
yard
s, s
ecr
et_
____
____
___,
and a
ll ki
nds
of
fancy
tr
aps
desi
gned t
o c
atc
h r
obbers
who t
ried t
o b
reak into
the p
yra
mid
to r
ob it.
Pyra
mid
s w
ere
full
of_
____
____
. The a
vera
ge p
ers
on c
reate
d g
rave g
oods
to t
ake
wit
h
them
to t
heir
____
____
_. Im
agin
e t
he t
reasu
res
a p
hara
oh m
ight
feel w
ere
nece
ssary
to
bri
ng a
long!
The fi
rst
pyra
mid
, th
e S
tep P
yra
mid
, w
as
built
aro
und 2
70
0 B
CE,
nearl
y _
____
__ y
ears
ago!
Pyra
mid
const
ruct
ion w
as
____
____
aft
er
the t
ime o
f th
e O
ld K
ingdom
. It
was
sim
ply
too _
____
_to fi
nd a
pyra
mid
. G
rave r
obbers
knew
exact
ly w
here
the p
hara
ohs
were
buri
ed,
and t
hus
knew
exact
ly w
here
to fi
nd r
iches
and w
ealt
h.
If y
ou w
ere
ca
ught,
the p
enalt
y f
or
gra
ve r
obbin
g w
as_
____
___.
The a
nci
ent
Egypti
ans
did
not
sim
ply
build
a p
yra
mid
, bury
a p
hara
oh,
and w
alk
aw
ay.
A
whole
cit
y g
rew
up a
round a
pyra
mid
duri
ng its
const
ruct
ion.
These
cit
ies
were
ca
lled__
____
___
____
____
_. O
ld K
ingdom
, ro
yal to
mbs
, pass
agew
ays,
Tre
asu
res,
aft
erl
ife,
aft
erl
ife,
abandoned ,
Easy
, death
, pyra
mid
cit
ies
Year
7 H
ist
- A
ncie
nt
Eg
yp
t 6
Read
ing
Acti
vit
y
Hou
ses a
nd
Hom
es
Anci
ent
Egypti
an h
ouse
s w
ere
made f
rom
mud b
_ _
_ _
_.• H
ouse
s had w
_ _
_ _
_ ro
of
beam
s co
vere
d w
ith r
eeds
and c
lay.
• Oth
er
build
ing m
ate
rials
incl
uded g
rass
, l_
_ _
_ _
, tr
ee t
runks
, st
ones
and a
nim
al sk
ins
• House
s w
ere
pain
ted w
_ _
_ _
to r
eflect
the h
eat.
• Sm
all
hig
h g
rille
win
dow
s help
ed k
eep o
ut
d_
_ _
and k
ept
house
s as
c_ _
_ a
s poss
ible
.• P
oor
people
l_
_ _
_ in
sm
all
flat-
roofe
d h
ouse
s w
ith o
ne o
r tw
o r
oom
s w
ith e
_ _
_ _
_ _
floors
. C
ooki
ng w
as
done in a
bri
ck o
ven o
n t
he r
_ _
_ _
_ _.
• Wealt
hy E
gypti
ans
lived in larg
e v
_ _
_ _
_ su
rrounded b
y b
eauti
ful gard
ens.
Such
d_
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ oft
en c
onta
ined u
p t
o 7
0 r
oom
s. T
here
were
kit
chens,
serv
ants
’ quart
ers
, st
ore
room
s, b
ath
room
s, t
_ _
_ _
_ _,
a c
hapel and w
om
en’s
quart
ers
.• W
ealt
hy h
om
es
had b
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ co
loure
d w
alls
, ti
led fl
oors
and
d_
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
pain
tings.
Furn
iture
was
very
l_
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ and
w
as
oft
en c
arv
ed in t
he s
hape o
f anim
als
. C
ush
ions
and l_
_ _
_ ca
rpets
were
com
mon.
• Outs
ide,
there
was
usu
ally
a s
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ pool fu
ll of
fish
. Fi
g t
rees,
date
palm
s and
aca
cias
were
pla
nte
d n
ear
the p
ool to
pro
vid
e s
hade.
We c
an g
et
som
e idea o
f w
hat
ord
inary
house
s w
ere
lik
e in a
nci
ent
Egypt
by
lookin
g a
t m
odel house
s th
at
have b
een f
ound b
uri
ed in t
om
bs.
We c
an a
lso look
at
surv
ivin
g E
gypti
an h
ouse
s built
in t
he t
radit
ional w
ay.
Both
were
const
ruct
ed o
f su
n-
dri
ed m
ud,
covere
d o
ver
wit
h a
thin
layer
of
pla
ster.
Both
were
built
to a
sim
ple
, sq
uare
desi
gn,
wit
h a
flat
roof,
som
eti
mes
topped b
y a
terr
ace
where
the inhabit
ants
co
uld
sit
and e
njo
y t
he c
ool, f
resh
, evenin
g a
ir.
Insi
de,
the r
oom
s w
ere
sm
all
and d
ark
, w
ith n
arr
ow
win
dow
s and low
ceili
ngs.
Som
e h
ouse
s had t
wo s
tore
ys;
oth
ers
were
all
on o
ne level. M
any h
ad c
ella
rs f
or
stora
ge,
dug into
the r
ough g
round u
ndern
eath
.M
ost
people
liv
ed in v
illages,
clu
stere
d a
long t
he b
anks
of
the r
iver
Nile
. V
illage
house
s w
ere
built
clo
se t
ogeth
er,
for
stre
ngth
and s
ecu
rity
. The v
illages
were
su
rrounded b
y d
itch
es
and fi
eld
s. N
earb
y,
was
the b
leak,
endle
ss d
ese
rt,
for
the
Egypti
ans
this
was
the h
om
e o
f th
e d
ead.
Now
answ
er
these
quest
ions
usi
ng f
ull
sente
nce
s1
. H
ow
can w
e t
ell
what
ord
inary
house
s w
ere
lik
e in a
nci
ent
Egypt?
____
____
____
____
____
2.
How
were
the h
ouse
s co
nst
ruct
ed?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_3
. W
hat
shape w
ere
the h
ouse
s? _
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
4.
What
type o
f ro
of
did
they h
ave?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
5.
What
was
the r
oof
terr
ace
use
d f
or?
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
6.
Why w
ere
the r
oom
s dark
insi
de?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__7
. W
here
were
the c
ella
rs o
f th
ese
house
s? _
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
8.
Why w
ere
the h
ouse
s built
clo
se t
ogeth
er?
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
9.
What
were
the v
illages
surr
ounded b
y?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__1
0.
What
did
the E
gypti
ans
call
the h
om
e o
f th
e d
ead?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
linen
whit
ebri
gh
tly
lived
siz
eable
dust
ro
oft
op
dw
elli
ngs
Deco
rati
ve
bri
cks
vill
as
cool
leaves
toile
tsE
art
hen
wooden
luxuri
ous
Year
7 H
ist
- A
ncie
nt
Eg
yp
t 7
Read
ing
Acti
vit
y H
iero
gly
ph
ics C
orr
ect
the
ten
ses
The fi
rst
wri
ting (
that
his
tori
ans
are
curr
entl
y a
ware
of)
cam
e/c
om
e f
rom
M
eso
pota
mia
in a
bout
3 2
00
B.C
. This
form
of
wri
ting c
am
e/c
om
e
in t
he f
orm
of
clay t
able
ts a
nd s
igns.
Not
long a
fter
the S
um
eri
ans
develo
p/d
evelo
ped a
more
co
mpre
hensi
ve f
orm
of
wri
ting k
now
n a
s cu
neiform
. A
round 3
00
0 B
.C.
the E
gypti
ans
(though t
hey w
as/
were
aw
are
of
cuneiform
) develo
p/d
evelo
ped t
heir
/there
/they’r
e o
wn b
rand o
f w
riti
ng w
hic
h w
e k
now
as
Hie
rogly
phic
s. T
his
syst
em
of
wri
ting u
sed p
ictu
re s
igns.
Then p
ictu
res
was/
were
use
d t
o r
epre
sent
the s
ounds
that
made u
p a
word
. In
this
form
of
wri
tten language
there
/their
/they’r
e a
re m
ore
than 7
00
pic
ture
sig
ns
to learn
. H
iero
gly
phic
wri
ting t
ook a
long t
ime t
o learn
and t
he job o
f a w
rite
r or
scri
be w
as
both
valu
ed a
nd w
ell
paid
. A
part
fro
m s
cri
bes,
there
/their
/they’r
e w
as/
were
very
fe
w a
nci
ent
Egypti
ans
who c
ould
wri
te.
Due t
o its
mass
ive a
lphabet
of
pic
ture
s, t
he
Anci
ent
Egypti
ans
develo
p/d
evelo
ped a
syst
em
of
‘short
hand’
know
n a
s hie
rati
cs.
Scr
ipts
was/
were
wri
tten o
n a
kin
d o
f paper
made f
rom
papyru
s re
ed,
whic
h g
rew
in
abundance
alo
ng t
he N
ile R
iver.
The E
gypti
ans
needed t
he w
ritt
en w
ord
, so
as
to b
e a
ble
to w
rite
dow
n t
he e
xte
nt
of
their
/there
/they’r
e p
oss
ess
ions.
These
incl
uded c
att
le,
geese
, house
s, s
laves,
etc
. H
iero
gly
phic
wri
ting c
an b
e f
ound o
n o
belis
ks,
tem
ple
s, t
om
b w
alls
, pyra
mid
s,
etc
.
The m
eanin
g o
f th
ese
pic
ture
word
s w
ood/w
ould
torm
ent
both
arc
haeolo
gis
ts a
nd
even g
rave r
obbers
thro
ughout
the a
ges.
What
did
they m
ean?
The m
eanin
g o
f th
ese
wri
tten w
ord
s w
as/
were
to r
em
ain
a m
yst
ery
for
thousa
nds
of
years
…unti
l! The d
isco
very
by N
apole
on’s
sold
iers
in 1
79
9,
of
a t
able
t to
beco
me k
now
n a
s th
e
Rose
tta s
tone w
ood/w
ould
finally
solv
e t
he m
eanin
g o
f th
ese
word
s. T
his
sto
ne h
ad
the S
AM
E m
ess
age w
rote
/wri
tten/w
rite
in t
hre
e s
epara
te f
orm
s. T
hese
was/
were
:H
iero
gly
phic
sA
nci
ent
Gre
ek
Curs
ive S
crip
t (H
iera
tics
) The R
ose
tta S
tone w
as/
were
th
e k
ey t
o u
nders
tandin
g t
he h
isto
ry,
soci
ety
, cu
lture
, re
ligio
n,
etc
of
Anci
ent
Egypt.
A lot
of
reso
urc
es
was/
were
put
into
‘cr
ack
ing’
this
w
ritt
en language/c
ode.
It w
as/
were
, how
ever,
to b
e a
n e
norm
ous
task
and it
took
20
years
befo
re a
ny s
ignifi
cant
pro
gre
ss w
as/
were
made.
Tow
people
, an
Englis
hm
an T
hom
as
Young a
nd a
Fre
nch
man Jean F
ranco
is C
ham
polli
on w
as/
were
to
arg
ue o
ver
who m
ade t
he m
ajo
r bre
akt
hro
ughs
in t
ransl
ati
on.
Year
7 H
ist
- A
ncie
nt
Eg
yp
t 8
God
s a
nd
God
desses a
nd
Tem
ple
s R
ead
ing
A
cti
vit
y
The a
nci
ent
Egypti
an
s b
elie
ved in
man
y d
iffere
nt
gods
an
d g
oddess
es,
each
wit
h
their
ow
n p
ers
onalit
y a
nd a
ppeara
nce
.
They b
elie
ved
the g
od
s and
god
dess
es
contr
olle
d e
very
asp
ect
of
their
daily
lif
e a
s w
ell
as
the a
fterl
ife.
Each
god h
ad t
heir
ow
n r
ole
to p
lay in
main
tain
ing p
eace
and h
arm
ony a
cross
the
land.
Som
e g
od
s and
god
dess
es
took
part
in c
reati
on,
som
e b
rought
the fl
ood e
very
year,
som
e o
ffere
d p
rote
ctio
n,
an
d s
om
e t
ook
care
of
people
aft
er
they d
ied. O
thers
w
ere
eit
her
loca
l g
ods
who r
ep
rese
nte
d t
ow
ns,
or
min
or
gods
wh
o r
epre
sente
d
pla
nts
or
anim
als
.
The a
nci
ent
Egypti
an
s b
elie
ved t
hat
it w
as
import
ant
to r
eco
gnis
e a
nd
wors
hip
these
gods
and g
odd
ess
es
so t
hat
life c
on
tin
ued s
mooth
ly.
A
god o
r godd
ess
was
ass
oci
ate
d w
ith
a part
icula
r b
ird o
r anim
al and
when t
hey
were
dra
wn o
r ca
rved t
hey w
ere
dep
icte
d w
ith
th
e h
ead o
f th
eir
part
icula
r anim
al or
bir
d.
They b
elie
ved
the g
od
s app
eare
d in
real lif
e in t
heir
anim
al fo
rm.
A
nim
als
cou
ld a
lso b
e u
sed t
o r
ep
rese
nt
the p
hara
oh –
the s
ph
inx w
ith t
he f
ace
of
a
phara
oh a
nd b
ody a
lio
n.
Tem
ple
s
Anci
ent
Egypti
ans
wors
hip
ed t
heir
gods
in v
ari
ous
tem
ple
s alo
ng t
he N
ile
The larg
est
tem
ple
was
Karn
ak
Each
tem
ple
was
deco
rate
d w
ith
hu
ge s
tone s
tatu
es
of
the g
od
of
the t
em
ple
an
d
the p
hara
oh T
hey w
ould
pra
y f
or
wh
ate
ver
they n
eeded
If t
heir
pra
yer
was
not
answ
ere
d t
hey w
ould
‘w
hack
’ t
he s
tatu
e t
o s
how
th
eir
dis
ple
asu
re
Tem
ple
s w
ere
very
sacr
ed a
s Egypti
ans
belie
ved t
heir
gods
lived
in
tem
ple
s Th
ey
were
the h
eart
of
the c
om
mu
nit
y
Kid
s w
ent
to s
chool th
ere
and
he w
om
en c
am
e e
very
day t
o g
ive f
ood a
s off
eri
ng t
o
gods
Te
mple
s act
ed a
s hote
ls f
or
vis
itors
G
rain
was
als
o s
tore
d in
tem
ple
s
Usu
ally
only
pri
est
s w
ere
allo
wed insi
de, how
ever,
ord
inary
people
were
allo
wed in
on s
peci
al occ
asi
ons
e.g
. Th
e b
irth
of
a b
aby
A
t daw
n, a p
riest
wou
ld b
urn
ince
nse
in
the t
em
ple
to p
uri
fy t
he a
ir. Th
e p
riest
s w
ould
then p
uri
fy t
hem
selv
es
in t
he t
em
ple
’s s
acr
ed lake
befo
re g
reeti
ng t
he g
od
s.
The h
igh p
riest
would
th
en p
lace
an o
fferi
ng o
f fr
esh
wate
r to
the g
od o
f th
e t
em
ple
Wri
te a
lis
t of
nou
ns a
nd
ad
jecti
ves a
nd
a l
ist
of
ad
verb
s a
nd
verb
s y
ou
cou
ld
use i
n a
descri
pti
on
of
the t
em
ple
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
Year
7 H
ist
- A
ncie
nt
Eg
yp
t 9
M
akin
g a
Mu
mm
y
Read
th
e f
ollow
ing
th
en
an
sw
er
the q
uesti
on
s in
fu
ll s
en
ten
ces.
It t
ook
70
days
to m
ake
a m
um
my.
Severa
l people
were
involv
ed.
The p
lace
where
the
mum
my w
as
made w
as
calle
d t
he p
er
nefe
r. T
he c
hie
f em
balm
er
wore
a jackal
mask t
o look lik
e A
nu
bis
, th
e g
od o
f m
um
mifi
cati
on.
His
ass
ista
nts
were
calle
d
wety
w.
When t
he b
ody a
rriv
ed o
ne o
f th
e a
ssis
tants
made a
cut
on t
he left
sid
e o
f th
e
abdom
en s
o t
hat
the inte
rnal org
ans
could
be r
em
oved.
It w
as
thought
to b
e b
ad t
o
"hurt
" a b
ody lik
e t
his
, so
the o
ther
ass
ista
nts
would
thro
w s
tones
at
the o
ne w
ho
made t
he c
ut.
This
was
not
suppose
d t
o h
urt
him
, it
was
just
part
of
the c
ere
mony.
The
bra
in w
as
rem
oved f
rom
the b
ody t
hro
ugh t
he n
ose
. The E
gypti
ans
did
not
thin
k th
at
the b
rain
was
import
ant
enough t
o b
e p
rese
rved.
Aft
er
the o
rgans
had b
een r
em
oved t
he b
ody w
as
wash
ed w
ith w
ine a
nd r
ubbed w
ith
spic
es.
This
kill
ed t
he b
act
eri
a w
hic
h c
ause
deca
y. T
he b
ody w
as
then c
overe
d w
ith
natr
on f
or
40
days
and left
to d
ry o
ut.
At
the e
nd o
f th
is t
ime,
it w
as
shru
nke
n,
wri
nkl
ed a
nd leath
ery
. It
was
cleaned a
gain
and r
ubbed w
ith o
ils t
o s
oft
en t
he s
kin.
When t
he b
ody w
as
fully
dri
ed a
nd c
leaned it
was
deco
rate
d w
ith jew
elle
ry.
It w
as
pack
ed insi
de w
ith lin
en c
oate
d in s
cente
d o
il so
that
it h
ad t
he p
roper
shape.
The
body w
as
then b
andaged inlo
ts o
f la
yers
of
linen.
Sm
all
charm
s, o
r am
ule
ts w
ere
pu
t in
to t
he b
an
dag
es t
o p
rote
ct
the s
pir
it o
n its
journ
ey.
Each
layer
was
coate
d w
ith
resi
n,
whic
h m
ade a
wate
rpro
of
seal. T
his
part
of
the p
roce
ss c
ould
take
as
long a
s a
week.
Aft
er
wra
ppin
g,
the h
ead w
as
covere
d w
ith a
pain
ted m
ask
so t
hat
the s
pir
it
would
reco
gnis
e it.
The m
um
my w
as
then p
ut
into
severa
l gild
ed c
offi
ns,
and fi
nally
in
to a
sarc
op
hag
us
How
well d
id y
ou
read
? M
um
mifi
cati
on
Qu
esti
on
s
1.
Why d
id t
he A
nci
ent
Egypti
ans
want
to p
rese
rve t
he b
ody o
f a d
ead p
ers
on?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
2.
Who w
as
god o
f th
e d
ead?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
3.
How
long d
id it
take
alt
ogeth
er
to m
ake
a m
um
my?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_4
. W
hat
was
the p
er
nefe
r? _
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
5.
What
were
the e
mbalm
er'
s ass
ista
nts
calle
d?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_6
. W
hy w
ere
sto
nes
thro
wn a
t th
e m
an w
ho m
ade t
he fi
rst
cut
in t
he b
ody?
____
____
____
_
7.
How
was
the b
rain
of
the d
ead p
ers
on r
em
oved?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
8.
Why w
as
the b
rain
not
pre
serv
ed?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_9
. W
hat
oth
er
org
ans
were
rem
oved a
nd w
hy?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_1
0.
What
happened t
o t
he h
eart
and w
hy?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__1
1.W
hat
did
the e
mbalm
ers
do w
ith t
he inte
rnal org
ans?
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
12
. W
hat
did
the b
ody look lik
e a
fter
bein
g in n
atr
on f
or
40
days?
___
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
13
. W
hat
did
they p
ut
insi
de t
he b
ody s
o t
hat
it h
ad t
he p
roper
shape?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__1
4.
What
was
the b
ody w
rapped in?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
15
. W
hy d
id t
hey p
ut
am
ule
ts insi
de t
he b
andages?
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
16
. H
ow
long d
id t
he b
andagin
g p
art
take
? __
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Why d
id t
he b
ody n
eed a
mask
? __
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
Year 7 Hist - Ancient Egypt 10 Important EventsPut these dates on the Timeline below. Use only the words in bold to label it.5500 BC– People first came to settle in Egypt on the banks of the Nile and around the river’s delta3500 – 3100 BC People begin to plant crops and dig canals. Two separate kingdoms emerge: Upper Egypt in the south, and Lower Egypt in the north.3300 BC Ancient Egyptians begin using hieroglyphics3000 BC Upper and Lower Egypt are united2650 – 2150 BC The Old Kingdom: the era of pyramid building2600 BC The Great Pyramid of Giza is built for Pharaoh Khufu2050 – 1650 BC The Middle Kingdom1550 – 1050 BC The New Kingdom: the era of pharaoh’s burials in rocky mountain tombs. Valley of the Kings is built1490s BC Rule of Hatshepsut, female pharaoh1330s BC Rule of Tutankhamen525 BC Ancient Egypt is conquered by Persia332 BC Alexander the Great conquers ancient Egypt323 BC Alexandria is found and becomes the new capital of ancient Egypt51-30 BC Rule of Cleopatra30 BC Ancient Egypt becomes part of the Roman Empire
5500 BC 4000BC 3000BC 2000BC 1000BC 0