year 7 geography miss vidler

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YEAR 7 GEOGRAPHY Miss Vidler

Year 7 GeographyTopic 1: The Nature of GeographyTopic 2: World Heritage SitesTopic 3:Geographical Research and FieldworkTopic 3: Our WorldTopic 5: Global EnvironmentsCase Study: Coral Reefs and Deserts Case studyTHE NATURE OF GEOGRAPHYWhat is Geography?Our own understanding of Geography!In one short paragraph write in your notebook your own short definition of what Geography means to you...

Geography to me is the study of the world. Geographers the culture, landmarks and people across the world!!!!Geography to me is the study of the world and the way it has come to be. Geographers are ........Geography to me is...

THE NATURE OF GEOGRAPHYWhat is Geography?Geography and YOU: prior knowledgeHave you travelled before?Have you ever read a map?Have you been in a plane?Are you curious?Are you observant?Is Geography just knowledge?What does Geography help you do?

A definitionGeography is the study of the natural world and how people interact with it.

Geography!What does this movie highlight about the importance of Geography?Why does Geography Matter?

YOUR GEOGRAPHY PASSPORTFill out the GREEN Geography passport

You will then share the answers to two questions with the class so decide which answers you would like to share!

Why do we need passports?

THE NATURE OF GEOGRAPHYWhat is Geography?Not just knowledge but SKILLSRead maps, developing spatial awareness, read synoptic charts, use a compass, identify physical and cultural features on a mapGeography helps you become an ACTIVE CITIZEN of the WORLDIf you think you are too small to be effective, you have never been in bed with a mosquito : Mahatma Ghandi Geography allows us to see the world more clearlyGeography is NOW: what is happening today in the world?...Geography is our futureGeography is POWER (what else is power?)Geography = Greek work Ge meaning The Earth and Graphein meaning to describe or to write

THE NATURE OF GEOGRAPHYWhat is the role of Geography?Spatial subject concerned with WHERE people and places are located and the PATTERNS of features of the Earths surfaceWhat work do Geographers do?Geographers learn to view things from different perspectives and to understand the natural and human processes that shape our worldGeographers need to be curious to ask questions about the world around them

GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONSQuestions to ask include:What is it?Where is it?Why is it there?When investigating issues go on to ask:What are the effects of it being there?How is it changing?Should it be like this?Then they consider citizenshipWhat groups are involved?What do different groups think?What action is appropriateHomework from FridayOver the w-end if you try and read the World section of the Sydney Morning Herald or The Australian and find a story that interests you. You are then to write a short 1 paragraph summary if you have time!Please see the links below for online versions of the newspapers.I look forward to discussing on Monday. (TUESDAY!)Link to The Australian World page http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/worldLink to The Sydney Morning Herald World page http://www.smh.com.au/world

Why study Geography?With a population on Earth of nearly seven billion people ...Increasing competition for resourcesMany issues causing concernBy studying Geography we can become ACTIVE and INFORMED citizens and do something to protect our futureFamous and interesting...Geographers, maps and Geography!txt pg 5.

Geographers at Google Earth videoWhat are some of the jobs that these Geographers do?What are some of the interesting things that Geography allows us to do today?What are the limits of Geography today?What can we do with maps today?What does Satellite imaging allow people to do?Who can be a map maker?

THE NATURE OF GEOGRAPHYTips for success!Glossary: What is a glossary?NotebookGeography is everywhere!News clippingsRadio podcastsYour own experiencesSHARE OUR KNOWLEDGE

Our RULES for OUR GEOGRAPHY CLASSGEOGRAPHYRULES in the GEOGRAPHY CLASSG: enerosityE: verywhere: news, paper, moviesO: rganisationG: lossaryR: espect each others opinionsA: ctive citizenshipP: owerH: opeY: our own interestsKey termsPhysicalSocietyKeyNaturalEconomyGrid ReferenceEnvironmentTechnologyArea ReferenceGlobalPoliticsSymbolHumanElementsProcessesMapLandformsSketchIssuesPhotographResourcesScale

Physical and human elements of environments: PHYSICAL elementsBRAINSTORMWhat are the physical elements of environments?Physical and Human Geography

List the natural parts of this photographList the parts humans have changed in this photograph

Investigating the WorldDefinition

The temples of Angkor, built by the Khmer civilization between 802 and 1220 AD, represent one of humankind's most astonishing and enduring architectural achievements. From Angkor the Khmer kings ruled over a vast domain that reached from Vietnam to China to the Bay of Bengal. The structures one sees at Angkor today, more than 100 stone temples in all, are the surviving remains of a grand religious, social and administrative metropolis whose other buildings - palaces, public buildings, and houses - were built of wood and are long since decayed and gone. GEOGRAPHY PRE- TEST you all did very well

What we need to work on this term is MAPPING skills!!

Also SPELLING AND HANDWRITING!!

Take PRIDE in your work!Physical Geography is the study of the landforms and processes in the natural environment.


List all the natural elements in this environmentSunAirSeaRocksPlantsFishPhysical elements of environmentsSolar energy (heat and light)AirWaterFlora and faunaSoil

Physical elements of environmentsECOSYSTEMS:Physical elements occur naturally. They are divided into 2 groups1-Biotic: living things such as plants and animals2- Abiotic: non-living things such as water, rocks and soil.What is an ecosystem?ecosystsm..is the way in which all these things interact in a particular environment is an ecosystem.The 3 main processes that connect all parts of an ecosystem are the:Energy flowWater cyclingNutrient cyclingEcosystem: creating our own ecosystem txt p.14-15Energy Flow: plants capture 1% of the solar energy that reaches the Earth and through photosynthesis plants convert this energy into carbohydrates that are a food source for their growth and the animals that eat themNutrient Cycle: plants gain the water and nutrients they need from the soil. Nutrients then pass along the food chain as plants are eaten by animals and they are then eaten by other animals. Eventually plans and animals die, and the nutrients are returned to the soil by the decomposersWater Cycle: Water flows through all ecosystems. When heated by the sun water evaporates and turns into water vapour. If water vapour rises it cools and condenses forming clouds. Precipitation falls from the clouds and the water either soaks into the ground or flows over the surface into rivers...

Human elements of the environmentWhat are the human elements of the environment?Human Geography is the study of humans and how they change the natural world to satisfy their needs and wants.


List all the human elements in this environmentSettlementEconomicPoliticalIndustrySocio-culturalHuman elements of the environmentPoliticalEconomicSettlementsAgricultureSocioculturalIndustrial

Human elements of the environmentCan you think of an area of the world that is completely natural and not affected at all from human influences on the landscape?

Land cleared for agriculture, rivers dammed for water, industries developed to process raw material and people have created settlements to live in...

SETTLEMENTS: anywhere where people live...isolated farmhouses to Tokyo. The buildings that people construct within settlements often reflect their culture as well as physical environmentAGRICULTURE: involves human activities that have been shaping the landscape for centuries. Often the natural environment has been significantly changed by farming practices. Patterns created very from patchworks of fields to featureless expanses by commercial farming. E.G. Bolivia.INDUSTRY: industries used to be located close to raw materials they needed or to coalfields which provided power. Today, industries more concerned with access to their markets and reducing labour costsOld industrial areas in Europe and Nth America have declined replaced by modern business parksFactories have moved from richer to poorer countries..why?

POLITICALECONOMICSOCIOCULTURAL

Using Geographical Tools

Geographers use photographs and sketches to describe an area. They can be also used to identify specific features such as human and physical elements. When a geographer labels features it is known as annotating.

Investigating the WorldUsing Geographical Tools

ObliqueClose-upAerialPanoramaSatellite imageGround LevelUrban vs Rural living: human elements

TASK: Create a collage of Physical and human elements of the environment and include definitions of key terms

ORCreate a movie documenting the physical and human elements of the environment and include definitions

Could be a world map or a particular home, suburb, city...Interaction of the pjhysical and human environmentsBiosphere: zone of life on Earth. All ecosystemsAtmosphere: the air and gases, climate and waterLithosphere: the Earths surface rocks, soils and landformsHydrosphere: water in oceans, seas, rivers and lakes

Worksheet!Physical and human environmentsInteraction of the physical and human elements!New topic: Geographical Research and FieldworkIn this topic we use geographical tools to investigate the physical and human environment!

What is fieldwork and why do geographers carry out fieldwork?

(sun, plants, decomposers, primary consumers, secondary consumers)

Geographical Research and FieldworkIn order to understand the world it is essential to experience environments firsthand..Fieldwork allows geographers to gain a better understanding of physical processes and the interactions that take place between people and their environmentConducting fieldwork teaches you how to use a variety of geographical tools..Geographical Research and FieldworkSee FIELDWORK guide on p. 18 of text: 7 step processDecide on the aim of your fieldworkGenerate key questions that relate to the aimDecide what date you need to collectIdentify the techniques that you will use to collect your dataGo and collect your dataProcess the dataSelect a presentation method

Geographical ResearchApply key geographical questions to any world environmentWhatWhereWhy isWhat are the effectsHow is it changingShould it be like thisWhat groups are involvedAction neededOBSERVATIONTo collect information about an environment is to look at it carefully and keep a detailed record of observationsA field sketch is a useful tool for geographers and can be drawn to show the features of an individual plan or an entire area of studyField sketchOnly contains main featuresFeatures not important to your study can be left outYou can zoom in or out as far as you choose..what The eye seesYou can make notes of your observation directly onto theSketch as you draw it. E.g. Sand



Now try some colour to distinguish different featuresInvestigating the WorldDefinition


SAMPLES AND SURVEYSAn effective way to collect information is to conduct a surveySurvey: a collection of statistical data e.g. A count: how many students drive, catch bus, walk to school...?A poll: how many people in favour of a particular issue. Important that the people surveyed are fair representation of the broader population (old, young etc) More detailed form: questionnaire, which must be well planned and tested: see tips on p. 19 for what a good questionnaire includesEG: Survey Monkey: www.surveymonkey.com/

A survey..

Geographical ResearchCONDUCT A SURVEY:Types of litter/origin of products purchasedTally resultsCompile tables and graphsMake conclusionsObservation Use digital photos taken at different times of the day or the playgroundObserve changes to litterMap the distribution of litterDiscuss possible reasons for the patternStudent strategies to resolve these issuesSchool mapWalking around school we are to classify different elements we findConstruct a sketch map of the school.BOLTS : Border, orientation, legend, title and scale

FieldworkSTUDY A QUADRANTDescribe what you can seeIdentify plan and animal speciesCompare to another areaUse geographical questionsPresent findings using a range of written oral and graphic formsCreate a brochure in publisher/word/pagesNew topic: OUR WORLDThe world!Collect a series of images of places and cities from the internet and locate these places onto a blank map of the world (POSTER size)OUR WORLD

The worldYou might already be an expert...?During this topic we learn to...Learn how to recognise continents using different map projectionsUse latitude to describe the global pattern of climate, including the spatial and seasonal change in insolationUse longitude to explain world time zonesDescribe global patterns of physical and human featuresThe worldThe Physical world: Main pieces of land on the Earths surface are called continents + Main saltwater areas on the Earths surface: the worlds oceans.

How many continents are there?Is Australia a continent?How many oceans are there?The world continents: 7World oceans: 5Create your own map of the physical world: Australia centric...

Include relative size of world continents and oceans guides

World recordsWhat is the largest island?Longest coastline?Highest mountainGreatest mountain range?Longest river?Largest lake?..see pg. 26 for answers..Do you know any other world physical records?...The world mapMaps help people to understand the size, complexity and fragility of the planet Earth and the relationships that humans have with it.Three features that are shown of every world map:ContinentsOceans: A grid system: lines of latitude and longitudeMAP MAKING http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coREtR0T-xAGeographical knowledgeDid medieval Europe believe the world was flat?

Latitude and LongitudeParallels of latitude: lines that run across the map from east to west; 5 main lines of latitude

EquatorTropic of CapricornTropic of CancerArctic CircleAntarctic Circle

Meridians of longitude: lines that run up and down the map from north to south; 2 main lines of longitudeThe Prime Meridian at O The International Date Line (IDL) which is around the 180 in the Pacific Ocean

NORTH OR SOUTH BEFORE EAST OR WEST

LATITUDE BEFORE LONGITUDE when locating a placeE.G. Latitude and longitude of Sydney is 3353'S, 15110'E

Latitude, longitude and hemispheres..where is Australia?

Maps: Atlas, projections and types

Who was the first person to circumnavigate and map Australia?

In the introduction to A voyage to Terra Australis, xxxxxx wrote:'Had I permitted myself any innovation upon the original term, it would have been to convert it into Australia; as being more agreeable to the ear, and as an assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the earth.' [ Vol. I, p. iii, facsim. ed., 1966]

What does Terra Australis mean?

Matthew Flinders circumnavigation 1803 the exact outline were known and charted

Terra Australis Southern land

Reproduction of a copy of the Tasman Map on the floor of the State Library of NSW.The text (translated from old Dutch) reads:"State country, which has been sailed and discovered with the ships Hemskerck and Zeehaen under command of the captain Abel Tasman.In the year anno 1642 the 13th December"MATTHEW FLINDERSMatthew Flinders was born in a village in Lincolnshire on the east coast of England. His Grandfather and father both busy doctors, it was expected that Matthew would follow family tradition. However, at 15, Matthew preferred reading, secretly, Robinson Crusoe, than reading Medicine. So he wrote to his cousin, John Flinders who was in naval service in the West Indies for advice. See more here

What is an Atlas?Wondering what an atlas is?An atlas is a collection of maps. They project both physical and human features.

They also contain world maps and regional maps which are linked to a particular theme or place. It is very likely that there is an atlas of your State. In the library, there might even be an atlas of population, agriculture and history. Atlases can either be viewed in print form or in electronic form.

Map making and map projectionsWhy are all world maps not the same?Who are people who make maps?What are the different ways of drawing the world called?Map making and map projectionsAll maps are not the same as the Earth is a sphere(3D) and a map is flat (2D)A Cartographer are people who make mapsCartographers have different ways of showing the curved surface of an almost spherical lump of rock our planet on a flat piece of paperThe above different ways of drawing the world are called map projectionsMap projections attempt to correctly showThe shape of continents and oceansThe area or size of continents and oceansThe distance between two pointsDirection

How are map projections made?By shining a light through part of a transparent globe so that the lines of latitude and longitude and the outlines of continents and oceans make a chart on the screen behind it. Areas near the centre will be about right but the poles will be distortedTypes of map projectionsCylindrical: by projecting the surface of the globe onto a cylinder that just touches the outside edges of the globeConical: by projecting the surface of the globe onto a cone that just touches the outside edgesAzimuthal: By projecting the surface of the globe onto a flat surface that just touches the outside edgesRectangular maps are prone to area and distance stretching while round ones distort the shape. Interrupted projections cut the world map along less important features like oceans to show size and shape correctly

ACTIVITIES: map projectionsYour homework is to create an information brochure highlighting all the different types of map projections with picture and a short summary of each type in your OWN WORDS!

Map ProjectionsA map projection made by projecting the globe onto a cylinderA map projection made by projecting the globe onto a coneA map projection made by projecting the surface of the globe onto a flat surfaceDid you know?Australia is currently moving north-east at a rate of 73 millimetres per year. Geoscience Australia monitors regional earthquake risk by measuring the movement of tectonic plates.

79What are the different types of maps?

THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAPSPhysicalPoliticalTopographic ThematicThematic MapsAre intended to illustrate particular themes.These maps show things like annual rainfall, ethnic groups and resources

Physical MapsPhysical maps show the physical features of an area. Such as rivers and lakes. The water is usually shown in blue. Different colours are used to show differences in land elevations.

Topographic mapsTopographic maps are very detailed maps that show features in the natural environment, including the shape of the land and the features of the built environment. Include contour lines to show the shape and elevation of an area. Lines that are close together indicate steep terrain and lines that are far apart indicate flat terrain.

Political MapsPolitical maps do not show physical features. Instead, they show state and national boundaries, capital and major cities. A capital city is usually marked with a star within a circle Political Maps are the most common maps of the world

Different types of maps!To help you create an information sheet on the different types of maps: physical,Politicaltopographic thematic.

Visit the following websites!

You should create your poster using Microsoft Publisher.It should be titled: Types of maps: physical, political, topographic and thematichttp://www.factmonster.com/world/geography/types-maps.htmlhttp://www.factmonster.com/world/geography/types-maps.html

Examples of student work!

AUSTRALIA: the empty continentTOKYO VS AUSTRALIAWhat is the population of Australia? Tokyo?

Australias population density is 2.5 per square km. UKs 246

Australia by size and by population

HOW DO LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE INFLUENCE CLIMATE AND TIME?Latitude and climateLatitude measures how far north or south of the Equator a location is...

What is the Equator and why does the equator and lines of latitude play a role in determining climate?Latitude and climateLatitude has an important role in determining the climate.Climate: is the usual condition of the atmosphere near the Earths surface the long-term weather of a placeIncoming solar radiation (insolation) is the energy that reaches the Earth from the Sun and it determines our climateInsolation is greatest at the Equator because the Sun is directly overhead and the rays hit the Earths surface at a direct angleSee pictures on pp. 32-33 text

Other influences on climateHeight above sea level high elevations or altitudes experience colder conditionsOcean currents Warm ocean currents bring wet conditions, while cold currents bring dry conditionsBeing close to the ocean The ocean heats and cools more slowly than land, causing temperatures to be milder near the seaPrevailing or usual wind patterns winds over water may bring rain, but winds over land may bring dry conditionsAspect North-facing slopes in the Southern Hemisphere will be warmer than south-facing slopes

The seasonsThe amount of insolation is affected by the Earths orbit around the sunThe Earth revolves around the sun 1x per year and spins on its axis at a tilt of 23.5 degreesAs the Earth rotates on its axis and orbits around the Sun different parts of the world receive more or less energy...this creates the seasons spring, summer, autumn and winterAt the Equator there is very little difference between the seasonsThe further away from the Equator you are, the greater the difference between the seasonsTwice a year at the Equator there are equal hours of day and nightAt the South Pole there are 24 hours of darkness for six months in winter and 24 hours of daylight in summer

Longitude and timeNorth-south lines of longitudeThey are NOT parallel to each other so all the lines meet at the North and South PolesCalled meridians of longitudeThe Prime Meridian is an imaginary line at 0 degrees that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole passing through Greenwich, in London. The line separates Eastern Hemisphere from the Western HemisphereMeridian refers to the middle of the day or noon when the Sun is directly overhead. All places on the same meridian experience noon at the same time.Morning a.m. Or ante meridian (before noon) and p.m. Or post meridian, afternoonGreenwich Mean Time (GMT)

Longitude and time..What is the international date line?What is daylight saving?Time zoneshttp://www.markstechnologynews.com/2009/12/geochron-world-clock-moving-map-displays-time-zones-pentagon-style.html

http://www.worldtimezone.com/WORLD HERITAGE SITES

New topic: World Heritage SitesLEARN ABOUTnatural (physical) and cultural (human) sitesthe criteria and process for World Heritage listinginternational treaties and agreements related to World Heritage sitesorganisations responsible for World Heritage sites

World Heritage sitesLEARN TOidentify and locate natural and cultural World Heritage sitesuse geographical questions to investigate a World Heritage siteexplain the importance of World Heritage listinglegal obligations of governments to the preservation of World Heritage sitesoutline the role of individuals, groups and governments in identifying and protecting World Heritage sites

The United Nations

The UN emblem shows the world held in the olive branches of peace.

It is 'better to jaw-jaw than to war-war,'

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAun.htm

A history of the UNThe United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the UN Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original 51 Member States. The day is now celebrated each year around the world as United Nations Day.

The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems. There are currently 192 Members of the United Nations. They meet in the General Assembly, which is the closest thing to a world parliament. Each country, large or small, rich or poor, has a single vote, however, none of the decisions taken by the Assembly are binding. Nevertheless, the Assembly's decisions become resolutions that carry the weight of world governmental opinion.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOdoDxu2wKY historical alliance

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0baMsmuR29Q&feature=related

Development of UN declaration of human rightsLeading human rights lawyer Geoffrey Robertson gives a potted history of the development of human rights from the end of the monarchy's absolute power in Britain through to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights midway through last century.He then calls for Australia to follow just about every other developed democratic nation and enact its own Bill of Rights. Far from being a banquet for greedy lawyers to feast on, Robertson says, such a bill protects the most vulnerable members of society.http://www.abc.net.au/rn/foraradio/stories/2009/2531484.htmWorld Heritage SitesGoogles world heritage sites: visit Versailles!

Which country has the UN recently played a role in ...?

World Heritage Sites...and the UNITED NATIONShttp://cyberschoolbus.un.org/

http://cyberschoolbus.un.org/unintro/unintro.asp

http://cyberschoolbus.un.org/infonation/index.asp?id=434http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/habitat/profiles/sydney.asp

Libya and the UNTHEN http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2672029.stmAnd

NOWhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12902450http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12900706Continental Drift and Plate tectonics

year 7 geography miss vidler

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