yadkin-pee dee river hydroelectric project ferc no. 2206 ......yadkin-pee dee river hydroelectric...

Yadkin-Pee Dee River Hydroelectric Project FERC No. 2206

Progress Energy

APPLICATION FOR LICENSE

Exhibit E4 Report on Fish and Aquatic Resources

© 2006 Progress Energy

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Title Page No. EXHIBIT E4 - REPORT ON FISH AND AQUATIC RESOURCES.....................................1 4.0 Regulations Defining the Contents of Exhibit E4 .............................................................1

4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................3 4.2 Existing Fish and Aquatic Resources..................................................................5

4.2.1 Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Composition in Project Waters ...................................................................................................5

4.2.2 Reservoir Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Populations ..............17 4.2.3 Pee Dee River Resident Fish and Macroinvertebrate Populations .....36 4.2.4 Pee Dee River Diadromous Fish Populations.....................................49 4.2.5 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species........................................64

4.3 Project Effects on Fish and Aquatic Resources ................................................73 4.3.1 Reservoir Levels .................................................................................73 4.3.2 Entrainment and Survival ...................................................................74 4.3.3 Project Flow Releases.........................................................................77 4.3.4 Habitat Fragmentation ........................................................................81 4.3.5 Tailwaters Substrate Characterization Study......................................84

4.4 Comprehensive Plans ........................................................................................86 4.5 Consultation Regarding Fish Resources ...........................................................91

4.5.1 Summary of Water Quality PM&E Measures Proposed by Resource Agencies and Other Parties.................................................93

4.6 Summary of Fish Protection, Mitigation, and Enhancement Measures............95 4.6.1 Reservoir Levels .................................................................................95 4.6.2 Instream Flows....................................................................................97 4.6.3 Diadromous Fish Restoration and Fish Passage...............................130

4.7 References .......................................................................................................133 APPENDICES APPENDIX E4-1 - IFIM INDEX C HABITAT DURATION ANALYSIS OF PREFERRED PLAN

MINIMUM FLOWS APPENDIX E4-2 - DIADROMOUS FISH RESTORATION IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page No. Figure E4-1 Map of Lake Tillery and the Pee Dee River below the Tillery Development

showing locations of fish and mussel species with special conservation status listing. ....................................................................................................................10

Figure E4-2 Map of Blewett Falls Lake and the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development showing locations of fish and mussel species with special conservation status listing......................................................................................11

Figure E4-3 Map of the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development showing locations of fish and mussel species with special conservation status listing. ......12

Figure E4-4 Length-frequency distribution of robust redhorse collected from the North and South Carolina portions of the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development, 2000-2005.......................................................................................13

Figure E4-5 Length-frequency distributions of Carolina redhorse collected from Lake Tillery, the Little River, Blewett Falls Lake, and the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development, 1999-2005 (Sample size is given for each graph). The upper Little River is comprised of fish collected from Eury, Hurley, and Capelsie reservoirs. ................................................................................................14

Figure E4-6 Benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness in Lake Tillery headwaters and the Pee Dee River below the Tillery and Blewett Falls developments, 1999-2001. ...15

Figure E4-7 Comparison of quarterly electrofishing and gill netting reservoir-wide total mean catch rates for the Yadkin-Pee Dee River chain of lakes, 1999-2002. The Tillery and Blewett Falls data were averaged over two years while the data for High Rock, Tuckertown, Narrows, and Falls were collected during 2000. Fishery data for High Rock, Tuckertown, Narrows, and Falls reservoirs were obtained from APGI (2002). ........................................................22

Figure E4-8 Percent relative abundance of selected fish taxa from cove rotenone density (number/ha) and biomass (Kg/ha) estimates collected at Narrows Reservoir, Lake Tillery, and Blewett Falls Lake.....................................................................24

Figure E4-9 Means and ranges of relative weight (Wr ) values for major fish species collected from Lake Tillery during 2000 and 2002 (Note: the square and vertical line denotes the mean, minimum, and maximum Wr values, respectively, and sample sizes are given beside plotted values). A value of 100 represents an optimal relative weight. ............................................................27

Figure E4-10 Means and ranges of relative weight (Wr ) values for major fish species collected from Blewett Falls Lake during 1999 and 2001 (Note: the square and vertical line denotes the mean, minimum, and maximum Wr values, respectively, and sample sizes are given beside plotted values). A value of 100 represents an optimal relative weight. ............................................................33

Figure E4-11 Number of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa and stream bioclassification scores by month for transects located in the Pee Dee River below the Tillery Development during 2000 (Note: Bioclassification scores were Excellent =

LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

Figure Title Page No.

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5, Good = 4, Good-Fair = 3, Fair = 2, and Poor = 1). For reference to transect location, the Tillery Dam is located at RM 216.1. ...................................41

Figure E4-12 Total number of collected mussels and taxa richness, including those taxa with special conservation listing status, collected from the Pee Dee Reach below the Tillery Development during 2004. For reference to transect location, the Tillery Dam is located at RM 216.1..................................................42

Figure E4-13 Number of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa and stream bioclassification scores by month for transects located from the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development during 1999 (Note: Bioclassification scores were Excellent = 5, Good = 4, Good-Fair = 3, Fair = 2, and Poor = 1). For reference to transect location, the Blewett Falls Dam is located at RM 188.2......47

Figure E4-14 Number of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa and stream bioclassification scores by month for transects located from the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development during 2001 (Note: Bioclassification scores were Excellent = 5, Good = 4, Good-Fair = 3, Fair = 2, and Poor = 1). For reference to transect location, the Blewett Falls Dam is located at RM 188.2......48

Figure E4-15 Total number of collected mussels and taxa richness, including those taxa with special conservation listing status, collected in the Pee Dee Reach below the Blewett Falls Development during 2004. For reference to transect location, the Blewett Falls Dam is located at RM 188.2. ......................................49

Figure E4-16 Electrofishing catch rates of American shad, blueback herring, and striped bass collected at Transect 1 (RM 188.0) in the Pee Dee River tailwaters below the Blewett Falls Development during March-June biweekly spawning assessments, 1998 and 1999. .................................................................................50

Figure E4-17 Total pounds of American shad harvested and number of reported trips by licensed commercial fishermen on the Pee Dee River from 1999 to 2003. The number above each bar is the number of reported licensed commercial fishermen................................................................................................................52

Figure E4-18 Pram electrofishing catch rates by transect for American eel collected during shallow water fish surveys of the Pee Dee River below the Tillery and Blewett Falls developments during May-June 2004. For reference to transect locations, the Tillery Dam is located at RM 216.1 and the Blewett Falls Dam is located at RM 188.2. ..........................................................................................53

Figure E4-19 Comparison of boat electrofishing catch rates of American shad from the Pee Dee River (Blewett Falls tailwaters, Transect 1) and other North Carolina coastal river systems, 1998-2004...........................................................................61

Figure E4-20 Reported commercial harvest (pounds) of American shad by licensed fishermen from South Carolina waters, including the Pee Dee River, from 1999 to 2003. .........................................................................................................62

Figure E4-21 Existing and preferred simulated discharge at Tillery Dam (0 to 16,000 cfs scale). ...................................................................................................................102

LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

Figure Title Page No.

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Figure E4-22 Existing and preferred simulated discharge at Tillery Dam (0 to 4,000 cfs scale). ...................................................................................................................103

Figure E4-23 Maximum, mean, median, and minimum flows - Rocky River at the confluence of the Pee Dee river. ..........................................................................109

Figure E4-24 Existing and preferred simulated discharge at Blewett Falls Dam (0 to 16,000 cfs scale). .............................................................................................................112

Figure E4-25 Existing and preferred simulated discharge at Blewett Falls Dam (0 to 4,000 cfs scale). .............................................................................................................113

Figure E4-26 Flow attenuation profile at median summer flow of 4,470 cfs - six-unit block loading. ................................................................................................................115

Figure E4-27 Flow attenuation hydrographs at median summer flow of 4,470 cfs - six-unit block loading........................................................................................................116

Figure E4-28 Flow attenuation profile at low summer flow of 1,850 cfs - three-unit block loaded...................................................................................................................119

Figure E4-29 Flow attenuation hydrographs at low summer flow of 1,850 cfs - three-unit block loaded. ........................................................................................................120

Figure E4-30 Diadromous fish restoration time line. ................................................................132

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page No. Table E4-1 Fish taxa collected in the vicinity of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Project

including Lake Tillery, Blewett Falls Lake, and the Pee Dee River, 1978-2005. Note: Species with gray shading have state or federal conservation listing status. ............................................................................................................5

Table E4-2 Unionid mussels collected from the mainstem Pee Dee River and tributaries associated with the Tillery and Blewett Falls developments, 2001-2005. ............16

Table E4-3 Mean number and weight (Kg) per hour for fish collected with quarterly electrofishing from Lake Tillery, 2000 and 2002. .................................................19

Table E4-4 Mean number and weight (Kg) per 24 hours for fish collected with quarterly gill netting from Lake Tillery, 2000 and 20021. ....................................................20

Table E4-5 Fish standing crop estimates (number and weight per hectare [Kg/ha]) by transect from cove rotenone sampling at Lake Tillery during 20001. ...................23

Table E4-6 Mean number and weight (Kg) per hour for fish collected with quarterly electrofishing from Blewett Falls Lake, 1999 and 2001........................................28

Table E4-7 Mean number and weight (Kg) per 24 hours for fish collected with quarterly experimental gill netting from Blewett Falls Lake, 1999 and 2001. .....................29

Table E4-8 Fish standing crop mean estimates (number and weight per hectare [Kg/ha]) from cove rotenone sampling at Blewett Falls Lake, 1999 and 2001....................30

Table E4-9 Lake Tillery aquatic habitat water level relationships. ..........................................35 Table E4-10 Blewett Falls Lake aquatic habitat water level relationships.................................36 Table E4-11 Mean number of fish per hour collected by transect with quarterly boat

electrofishing of the Pee Dee River below the Tillery Development, 2002. .........37 Table E4-12 Characteristics of the shallow water fish community in the Pee Dee River

below the Tillery Development during 2004. ........................................................39 Table E4-13 Mean number and weight (Kg) per hour for fish collected by transect with

quarterly boat electrofishing from the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development, 1999 and 20011...............................................................................43

Table E4-14 Characteristics of the shallow water fish community in the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development during 2004...............................................45

Table E4-15 Preliminary resource management goals identified by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources during instream flow subgroup meetings. ...............................86

Table E4-16 Management plans for shortnose sturgeon, robust redhorse, and South Carolina recreational boating navigability pertinent to the Pee Dee River Instream Flow Study. .............................................................................................89

Table E4-17 Fish species and habitat guild assignment for the Pee Dee River Instream Flow Study. ............................................................................................................98

Table E4-18 Annual and monthly median accretion flows at six nodes downstream of Blewett Falls Dam................................................................................................111

Application for License Yadkin-Pee Dee River Hydroelectric Project

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Exhibit E4 - Report on Fish and Aquatic Resources 4.0 Regulations Defining the Contents of Exhibit E4 The following excerpt from the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 18 CFR § 4.51 describes the required content of this exhibit. (3) Report on fish, wildlife, and botanical resources. The report must discuss fish, wildlife, and

botanical resources in the vicinity of the project and the impact of the project on those resources. The report must be prepared in consultation with any state agency with responsibility for fish, wildlife, and botanical resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Marine Fisheries Service (if the project may affect anadromous fish resources subject to that agency’s jurisdiction), and any other state or Federal agency with managerial authority over any part of the project lands. Consultation must be documented by appending to the report a letter from each agency consulted that indicates the nature, extent, and results of the consultation. The report must include:

(i) A description of the fish, wildlife, and botanical resources of the project and its

vicinity, and of downstream areas affected by the project, including identification of any species listed as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (See 50 CFR 17.11 and 17.12);

(ii) A description of any measures or facilities recommended by the agencies consulted

for the mitigation of impacts on fish, wildlife, and botanical resources, or for the protection or improvement of those resources;

(iii) A statement of any existing measures or facilities to be continued or maintained and

any measures or facilities proposed by the applicant for the mitigation of impacts on fish, wildlife, and botanical resources, or for the protection or improvement of such resources, including an explanation of why the applicant has rejected any measures or facilities recommended by an agency and described under paragraph (f)(3)(ii) of this section.

(iv) A description of any anticipated continuing impact on fish, wildlife, and botanical

resources of continued operation of the project, and the incremental impact of proposed new development of project works or changes in project operation; and

(v) The following materials and information regarding the measures and facilities identified under paragraph (f)(3)(iii) of this section:

(A) Functional design drawings of any fish passage and collection facilities,

indicating whether the facilities depicted are existing or proposed (these drawings must conform to the specifications of § 4.39 regarding dimensions of full-sized prints, scale, and legibility);

(B) A description of operation and maintenance procedures for any existing or

proposed measures or facilities;


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(C) An implementation or construction schedule for any proposed measures or facilities, showing the intervals following issuance of a license when implementation of the measures or construction of the facilities would be commenced and completed;

(D) An estimate of the costs of construction, operation, and maintenance, of any

proposed facilities, and of implementation of any proposed measures, including a statement of the sources and extent of financing; and

(E) A map or drawing that conforms to the size, scale, and legibility

requirements of § 4.39 showing by the use of shading, cross-hatching, or other symbols the identity and location of any measures or facilities, and indicating whether each measure or facility is existing or proposed (the map or drawings in this exhibit may be consolidated).


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4.1 Introduction This Exhibit provides detailed information describing the fish and aquatic invertebrate (i.e., mussels, crayfish, and aquatic insects) communities of the Project reservoirs and associated tailwaters and the effects of Project operations on these aquatic resources. This information is based on aquatic surveys conducted by Progress Energy from 1998 to 2005, most of which were performed in accordance with study plans developed within the Water Resource Working Group (RWG) during relicensing consultation meetings held by Progress Energy in 2003 (Progress Energy 2003, 2004). In addition, fisheries data for native redhorse species in the Pee Dee River were available from annual cooperative sampling from 2000 to 2005 by the Yadkin-Pee Dee Technical Work Group of the Robust Redhorse Conservation Committee and a Progress Energy-funded study of the Carolina redhorse by the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences (Carolina Power & Light [CP&L] 2000, 2001; DeMeo 2000, 2001; Robust Redhorse Conservation Commission [RRCC] Yadkin-Pee Dee River TWG 2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2004, 2005; Starnes 2004; Starnes et al. 2005). Results from reservoir and tailwater fisheries and mussel studies conducted by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC), the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources(SCDNR), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and The Nature Conservancy were also used in the preparation of this Exhibit (Tatum 1960; Tatum et al. 1963; Crochet and Sample 1996; Crochet and Black 1997; Collins et al. 2003; Harland 2004a, 2004b; Alderman 2005; Nelson and Dorsey 2005; McCord 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004; Progress Energy 2005a). Progress Energy compiled much of the existing information on fish and other aquatic resources in its Initial Consultation Document (ICD) issued on February 6, 2003 (Progress Energy 2003). Data from the ICD have been summarized and included in this Exhibit. The ICD includes a review of historical fisheries and other aquatic resource studies conducted in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin, including the Project reservoirs and tailwaters. The ICD also includes a description of sampling locations and methods used by Progress Energy for fishery and aquatic invertebrate environmental surveys conducted from 1998 to 2002. Methods utilized in the native redhorse surveys are described in study plans developed by Progress Energy and the RRCC Yadkin-Pee Dee River Technical Working Group (TWG) (CP&L 2000, 2001; RRCC Yadkin-Pee Dee River TWG 2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2004, 2005). Ten additional aquatic resource studies were conducted during the 2003 to 2005 period in accordance with agreed-upon study plans that were developed as part of the Water RWG consultation meetings held during 2003 and further discussions with resource agencies in 2004 and 2005 (Progress Energy 2004). These studies were: (1) shallow water fish, crayfish, and mussel surveys of the Pee Dee River and tributaries; (2) migratory (diadromous) fishery resource assessments of the Pee Dee River; (3) development of a diadromous fish restoration plan, (4) instream flow study of Project tailwaters; (5) Project effects on floodplains and floodplain habitats/hydraulic connectivity; (6) sediment transport and tailwater substrate characterization study at both hydroelectric developments; (7) Blewett Falls Lake shoreline aquatic habitat mapping study; (8) desktop entrainment study of reservoir and anadromous fish; (9) lake level fluctuation effects on reservoir aquatic habitat; and (10) habitat (population) fragmentation study of Project-associated waters. Study plans and Water RWG meeting minutes and supporting documentation are included in Appendix A of this License Application. Methods pertaining to each study are described in the


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individual reports. Studies with stand alone reports are included in Appendix B of this License Application. The study title and corresponding Water RWG issue are summarized below. The shallow water survey was conducted in response to Water RWG Issue No. 1: “Describe current resident river aquatic resources of project area”. The migratory (diadromous) fishery resource assessment was conducted in response to Water RWG Issue No. 3: “Current migratory (diadromous) fishery resources of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River in the Project area”. Results of this assessment have been incorporated directly into this Exhibit and there is no stand alone report. Progress Energy’s diadromous fish restoration plan was developed under Water RWG Issue No. 4: “Support development of diadromous fish restoration plan”. Results of this work have also been incorporated directly into this Exhibit. The instream flow study was conducted in accordance with Water RWG Issue No. 5: “Evaluate the relationships between Project operations/hydraulics and aquatic habitat, water quality, and fish migrations”. The floodplain hydraulic connectivity study was conducted under Water RWG Issue No. 6: “Effect of Project on floodplains and floodplain habitats/hydraulic connectivity”. The substrate characterization study was conducted under Water RWG Issue No. 10: “Sediment transport”. The Blewett Falls Lake aquatic shoreline habitat mapping study was conducted under Water RWG Issue No. 13: “Shoreline aquatic habitat mapping of Blewett Falls Lake in support of development of a shoreline management plan”. Results of this study have been used in the development of the shoreline management policy for Blewett Falls Lake. That information is presented in the Blewett Falls Lake policy which is part of the license application (Exhibit E8). The desktop entrainment study was conducted in response to Water RWG Issue No. 16: “Desk top entrainment study of reservoir and anadromous fish”. The lake level fluctuation effects on aquatic habitat report was included under the Terrestrial RWG Issue No. 4: “Operational effects on waterfowl habitats and wetlands”. Additional study objectives were added to this report in June 2005 after further discussions on this issue with the NCWRC (letter from Mr. Phil Lucas, Progress Energy to Mr. Todd Ewing, NCWRC, dated June 8, 2005). The habitat fragmentation study was added in January 2005 at the request of the NCWRC and USFWS (Water RWG Issue No. 18: Habitat (Population) Fragmentation Study. This Exhibit also contains discussion of proposed protection, mitigation, and enhancement (PM&E) measures to address Project effects on anadromous and resident fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates. Comprehensive Plans for fish and aquatic resources for the Yadkin and Pee Dee rivers prepared by state and federal resource agencies responsible for environmental resource management in waters associated with the Project in North Carolina and South Carolina are discussed in Section 4.4 of this Exhibit (NMFS 1998; Stirratt et al. 1999, 2000a, 2000b; Beal et al. 2000; RRCC Yadkin-Pee Dee River TWG 2002c; Nichols 2003; Dorsey et al. 2005; USFWS et al. 2005; SCDNR 2004). A summary of the relicensing consultation process is also presented in this Exhibit.


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4.2 Existing Fish and Aquatic Resources 4.2.1 Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Composition in Project Waters 4.2.1.1 Fish Community Composition The fish community in Project reservoirs and tailwaters was found to be diverse and represented by 83 species from 21 families including both diadromous and resident fishes (Table E4-1). Families represented included the jawless fishes Petromyzontidae (sea lamprey), the cartilaginous Acipenseridae (sturgeons), and the bony fishes or Osteichthyes. Families with the greatest number of species included Cyprinidae, (carps and minnows), Catostomidae (suckers), Ictaluridae (North American catfishes), and Centrarchidae (sunfishes). The number of species found varied by Project location relative to physiographic region (Piedmont Plateau, Fall Line, and Coastal Plain regions), habitat type (e.g., reservoir or riverine environments), watershed drainage size, fish movement patterns (e.g., migratory and euryhaline fish species), and the employed sampling methods and effort. Fish species richness was the greatest in the Pee Dee River reach below the Blewett Development (95 total taxa, 80 named species) followed by Blewett Falls Lake (59 total taxa, 48 named species), the Pee Dee River below the Tillery Development (58 total taxa, 52 named species), and Lake Tillery (49 total taxa, 40 named species). The greater number of fish species present in the river reach below the Blewett Development reflected the presence of several migratory and mobile euryhaline species (e.g., Atlantic needlefish, and striped mullet) and the change in the fish community as the river habitat transitioned from the Piedmont to the Coastal Plain physiographic regions (e.g., spotted sunfish and eastern mudminnow). Table E4-1 Fish taxa collected in the vicinity of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Project

including Lake Tillery, Blewett Falls Lake, and the Pee Dee River, 1978-2005. Note: Species with gray shading have state or federal conservation listing status.

Scientific Name1 Common Name Lake Tillery

Pee Dee River Below Tillery Development

Blewett Falls Lake

Pee Dee River Below Blewett

Falls Development

Petromyzontidae Lampreys Petromyzon marinus sea lamprey X

Acipenseridae Sturgeons Acipenser brevirostrum shortnose sturgeon X7

Acipenser oxyrinchus Atlantic sturgeon X Lepisosteidae Gars

Lepisosteus osseus longnose gar X X X X Amiidae Bowfins

Amia calva bowfin X X Anguillidae Freshwater eels

Anguilla rostrata American eel X X X Clupeidae Herrings

Alosa aestivalis blueback herring X X X X A. mediocris hickory shad X A. sapidissima American shad X Alosa sp. herring/shad X Dorosoma cepedianum gizzard shad X X X X D. petenense3 threadfin shad X X X X Dorosoma spp. shad X


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Blewett Falls Lake


Falls Development

Cyprinidae Carps and minnows X3 X3 X3

Clinostomus funduloides rosyside dace X

Ctenopharyngodon idella3 grass carp X

Cyprinella analostana satinfin shiner X X X X C. lutrensis3 red shiner X X C. nivea whitefin shiner X X X C. pyrrhomelas fieryblack shiner X X C. sp. 1 (cf. zanema) thinlip chub X Cyprinella spp. shiner X X Cyprinus carpio3 common carp X X X X Hybognathus regius eastern silvery minnow X X Nocomis leptocephalus bluehead chub X X X Notemigonus crysoleucas golden shiner X X X X

Notropis alborus whitemouth shiner X5 X N. altipinnis highfin shiner X X N. amoenus3 comely shiner X X X N. chiliticus redlip shiner X N. hudsonius spottail shiner X X X X N. maculates taillight shiner X N. petersoni coastal shiner X X N. scepticus sandbar shiner X X Notropis spp. shiner X X5

Catostomidae Suckers X3,5 X Carpiodes cyprinus quillback X X X X C. velifer3 highfin carpsucker X4 X Carpiodes spp. carpsucker X X Carpiodes/Ictiobus carpsucker/buffalo X Catostomus commersoni white sucker X X X

Erimyzon oblongus creek chubsucker X X X Erimyzon spp. chubsucker X X5 X Ictiobus bubalus3 smallmouth buffalo X X X Ictiobus cyprinellus3 bigmouth buffalo X X Minytrema melanops spotted sucker X X X Moxostoma collapsum notchlip redhorse X X X X M. macrolepidotum shorthead redhorse X X X X M. robustum robust redhorse X Moxostoma. sp. 1 Carolina redhorse X X X Moxostoma. sp. 2 brassy jumprock X X X Moxostoma spp. redhorse species X4 X X X

Ictaluridae North American catfishes X2

Ameiurus brunneus snail bullhead X X X9 A. catus white catfish X X X X A. natalis yellow bullhead X X X A. nebulosus brown bullhead X X X4 X7

A. platycephalus flat bullhead X X X Ameiurus spp. bullhead X6 Ictalurus furcatus3 blue catfish X X X X


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Blewett Falls Lake


Falls Development

Ictalurus punctatus3 channel catfish X X X X Noturus insignis margined madtom X X Pylodictis olivaris3 flathead catfish X X X X

Esocidae Pikes Esox americanus redfin pickerel X X Esox niger chain pickerel X X

Umbridae Mudminnows Umbra pygmaea eastern mudminnow X

Aphredoderidae Pirate perches Aphredoderus sayanus pirate perch X X X

Mugilidae Mullets Mugil cephalus striped mullet X

Atherinidae Silversides Labidesthes sicculus3 brook silverside X

Belonidae Needlefishes Strongylura marina Atlantic needlefish X

Poeciliidae Livebearers Gambusia holbrooki eastern mosquitofish X X X X

Moronidae Temperate basses Morone americana white perch X X X X Morone chrysops3 white bass X X X X Morone saxatilis striped bass X X X X M. saxatilis x M. chrysops3 striped x white bass X X

Morone spp. temperate bass X4 X X X Centrarchidae Sunfishes X2,6

Centrarchus macropterus flier X

Enneacanthus gloriosus bluespotted sunfish X X5 X E. obesus banded sunfish X7

Lepomis auritus redbreast sunfish X X X X L. cyanellus3 green sunfish X X X X L. gibbosus pumpkinseed X X X X L .gulosus warmouth X X X X L. macrochirus bluegill X X X X l. marginatus dollar sunfish X7

L. microlophus3 redear sunfish X X X X L. punctatus spotted sunfish X Lepomis hybrid hybrid sunfish X X X Lepomis spp. sunfish X X X X Micropterus dolomieu3 smallmouth bass X Micropterus salmoides largemouth bass X X X X Pomoxis annularis3 white crappie X X Pomoxis nigromaculatus black crappie X X X X

Pomoxis sp. crappie X Percidae Perches

Etheostoma flabellare fantail darter X X E. olmstedi tessellated darter X X X X E. fusiforme swamp darter X Etheostoma spp. darter X X X Percina crassa Piedmont darter X X


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Blewett Falls Lake


Falls Development

Perca flavescens yellow perch X X X X Paralichthyidae Sand flounders

Paralichtyhs lethostigma southern flounder X

Achiridae American soles Trinectes maculatus hogchoker X

Total number of taxa 49 58 59 95 Total number of species 40 52 48 80

1 Taxonomic nomenclature follows Nelson et al. (2004) except for Carolina redhorse and brassy jumprock (undescribed Moxostoma species).

2 Collected individual(s) could only be identified to the Family taxonomic level. 3 Considered to be non-native to the Yadkin-Pee Dee River Basin. 4 Only collected in 1986 (CP&L 1987). 5 Only collected in 1993 (CP&L 1995). 6 Only collected in 1992 (CP&L 1992). 7 Collected by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources during period from 1994 to 1996 (Crochet and

Black 1997) and from 2001 to 2003 (shortnose sturgeon only) (Collins et al. 2003). 8 Thinlip chub was formerly considered part of Cyprinella zanema, Santee chub. Recent taxonomic analysis has

reclassified the thinlip chub in the Pee Dee, Cape Fear, and Lumber rivers drainages (LeGrand et al. 2004). 9 Only collected in 1978 (CP&L 1980). Several fish species were only collected from one or two locations within the Project area (Table E4-1). Migratory fish species — sea lamprey, Atlantic sturgeon, shortnose sturgeon, American shad, and hickory shad — and the robust redhorse, a rare native sucker species, were only collected from the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Development. Additionally, the mobile, eurhyaline species — Atlantic needlefish, striped mullet, southern flounder, and hogchoker — were only found below the Blewett Development as well as several native resident species, rosyside dace, thinlip chub, redlip shiner, eastern mudminnow, brook silverside, and flier. Grass carp, an introduced nonnative species, was also found only in the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Development while the taillight shiner was only located in Blewett Falls Lake. Smallmouth bass were found only in the headwaters of Lake Tillery, adjacent to the Uwharrie River. This species most likely migrated out of the Uwharrie River into Lake Tillery. Bowfin, coastal shiner, highfin shiner, red shiner, sandbar shiner, bigmouth buffalo, fantail darter, Piedmont darter, and striped bass/white bass hybrid were only collected in the riverine sections below each development. Highfin carpsucker, redfin pickerel, and chain pickerel were only present in Blewett Falls Lake and the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development. Carolina redhorse, a rare native sucker species, was found in Lake Tillery headwaters, Blewett Falls Lake, and the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development but not in the river reach below the Tillery Development. American eel, smallmouth buffalo, and spotted sucker were not found in Lake Tillery but present in Blewett Falls Lake and the river reaches below the plants. Snail bullhead and flat bullhead were only located in Lake Tillery and the Pee Dee River below the Tillery Development. A further assessment of the spatial distribution of fish populations is described in Section 4.3.4 of this Exhibit. Non-native, introduced species were abundant in Project waters (e.g., blue catfish, smallmouth buffalo, common carp, threadfin shad, red shiner, and grass carp) and often dominated the fish


E4-9

community at a particular location. Of the 83 fish species, 17 of these taxa were non-natives based on distributional records given in Menhinick (1991) and Fuller et al. (1999). Several fish species with special conservation listing status (i.e., rare, threatened, or endangered [RTE]) are found either in Project waters or in the Pee Dee River downstream of the Project. These include the shortnose sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon, robust redhorse, Carolina redhorse, highfin carpsucker, thinlip chub, and fantail darter (Figures E4-1 to E4-3). Species specific information regarding the status of each RTE species is provided in Section 4.2.5. 4.2.1.2 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Composition An extensive survey was conducted of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Project reservoirs and tailwaters during 1999, 2000, and 2001 (Progress Energy 2003). An additional survey of crayfish and mussels was conducted during 2004 in accordance with a study plan developed within the Water RWG during relicensing consultation meetings held in 2003 (Progress Energy 2005b). In addition, three other mussel surveys were conducted in the mainstem Pee Dee River and tributaries during the 2001 to 2005 period. The State of North Carolina surveyed the North Carolina portion of the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Development during 2001 (data presented in Progress Energy 2003). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) surveyed the lower South Carolina Coastal Plain portion of the Pee Dee River during 2004 and 2005 (data presented in Progress Energy 2005b). Finally, the USFWS funded a 2004 survey of Brown Creek and the Little River which are tributaries of the Pee Dee River below the Tillery Development (Alderman 2005). These surveys showed diverse macroinvertebrate communities, consisting primarily of aquatic insects, mussels, and crayfish in both Project waters and in waters near the Project (Progress Energy 2003, 2005). There were no RTE species of aquatic insects documented in these studies although several mussel fauna had conservation listing status. One crayfish species, Waccamaw crayfish, had conservation listing status in North Carolina waters (Special Concern status); however, the specimens collected during the 2004 shallow water study were only collected in the South Carolina Coastal Plain portion of the Pee Dee River well below the Project. This crayfish species had no conservation listing in South Carolina waters. A diverse assemblage of benthic macroinvertebrates was found in the Pee Dee River tailwater reaches immediately below the Tillery and Blewett Falls developments (Progress Energy 2003). Benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness was greater in the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Development when compared to the river reach below the Tillery Development, especially the abundance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa. A total of 176 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa were collected from the Pee Dee River below the Tillery Development, and the taxa richness increased with distance from the immediate power plant tailwaters (71 taxa) to 12 miles downstream (126 taxa) (Figure E4-6). A total of 102 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa were collected from the Tillery headwaters (Alcoa Power Generating, Inc., Yadkin Division’s [APGI] Falls Development tailwaters). A total of 316 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa were collected from the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Development during 1999, and a similar number of total taxa (322 taxa) were collected in 2001. Spatial differences were also observed in the benthic macroinvertebrate community below the Blewett Development with taxa richness generally increasing at the lowermost downstream sampling stations located in the Coastal Plain portion of the river (Figure E4-6).


Figure E4-1 Map of Lake Tillery and the Pee Dee River below the Tillery Development

showing locations of fish and mussel species with special conservation status listing.

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Figure E4-2 Map of Blewett Falls Lake and the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls

Development showing locations of fish and mussel species with special conservation status listing.

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Figure E4-3 Map of the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development showing

locations of fish and mussel species with special conservation status listing.

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Figure E4-5 Length-frequency distributions of Carolina redhorse collected from Lake

Tillery, the Little River, Blewett Falls Lake, and the Pee Dee River below the Blewett Falls Development, 1999-2005 (Sample size is given for each graph). The upper Little River is comprised of fish collected from Eury, Hurley, and Capelsie reservoirs.

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Figure E4-6 Benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness in Lake Tillery headwaters and the Pee Dee River below the Tillery and Blewett Falls developments, 1999-2001.

E4-15


E4-16

The Pee Dee River drainage supports a fairly diverse mussel community for an Atlantic Slope river basin (Bogan 2002; Bogan and Alderman 2002). Thirty species have been listed as expected to occur in the North Carolina and South Carolina segments of the river basin. There were 22 mussel taxa collected from waters associated with the Project during the period of 2001 to 2005 (Table E4-2). Sixteen taxa were collected from waters associated with the Tillery Development which included the Pee Dee River tailwaters and tributaries and three tributaries of Lake Tillery. There were 20 taxa collected from the waters associated with the Blewett Falls Development which included the Pee Dee River tailwaters and two tributaries of Blewett Falls Lake. Complete information regarding the status of mussel populations in the Pee Dee River and tributaries can be found in Progress Energy 2005b (Appendix B). Table E4-2 Unionid mussels collected from the mainstem Pee Dee River and tributaries

associated with the Tillery and Blewett Falls developments, 2001-2005.

Common name Scientific name Conservation Listing Status

Lake Tillery tributaries and Pee Dee River Below Tillery Development

Blewett Falls Lake tributaries

and Pee Dee River Below Blewett Falls Development

Eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata

None X X

Roanoke slabshell Elliptio roanokensis

N.C. Threatened X X

Carolina lance Elliptio angustata None X X Carolina slabshell Elliptio congaraea S.C. Natural Heritage Program

Species of Concern, State X X

Variable spike Elliptio icterina None X X Pod lance Elliptio folliculata N.C. Special Concern X X Atlantic spike Elliptio producta None X X Pee Dee lance Elliptio spp. None X Lance Lanceolate Elliptio None X Waccamaw spike Elliptio

waccamawensis Federal Species of Concern N.C. Endangered

X1

Eastern floater Pygandodon cataracta

S.C. Natural Heritage Program Species of Concern, State

X X

Tidewater mucket Leptodea ochracea N.C. Threatened X Carolina fatmucket/eastern lampmussel2

Lampsilis radiata N.C. Threatened X X

Yellow lampmussel Lampsilis cariosa Federal Species of Concern N.C. Endangered S.C. Natural Heritage Program Species of Concern, State

X X

Eastern pondmussel Ligumia nasuta N.C. Threatened X X Paper pondshell Utterbackia

imbecilis S.C. Natural Heritage Program Species of Concern, State

X X

Alewife floater Anodonta implicata

N.C. Threatened X X

Creeper Strophitus undulatus

N.C. Threatened S.C. Natural Heritage Program Species of Concern, State

X X

Eastern creekshell Villosa delumbis N.C. Significantly Rare S.C. Natural Heritage Program Species of Concern, State

X X


E4-17

Common name Scientific name Conservation Listing Status

Lake Tillery tributaries and Pee Dee River Below Tillery Development

Blewett Falls Lake tributaries

and Pee Dee River Below Blewett Falls Development

Notched rainbow Villosa constricta N.C. Special Concern S.C. Natural Heritage Program Species of Concern, State

X4

Southern rainbow Villosa vibex S.C. Natural Heritage Program Species of Concern, State

X4

Carolina creekshell Villosa vaughaniana

Federal Species of Concern N.C. Endangered

X

Total Number 16 20 1 Collected by The Nature Conservancy in the South Carolina portion of the lower Pee Dee River during October

2004. 2 These two subspecies distributions overlap in the Pee Dee River drainage. The subspecies are difficult to distinguish

and are listed synonymously when reporting their presence. 3 Collected from the Uwharrie River, a tributary of Lake Tillery. 4 Collected by The Nature Conservancy in the South Carolina portion of the Pee Dee River during April 2005. 4.2.2 Reservoir Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Populations 4.2.2.1 General Overview of Fishery Management Activities in Project Reservoirs Fishery management studies conducted by the NCWRC on Lake Tillery and Blewett Falls Lake since the 1960s have primarily assessed the largemouth bass and crappie populations (Tatum 1960; Van Horn et al. 1981, 1986; Chapman 1983; Van Horn and Jones 1990). These studies were primarily designed to determine abundance, size, age structure, young-of-year (YOY) recruitment, and relative body condition of these sport fishes as related to harvest by anglers. Other fishery management activities have focused on the development of white bass fisheries within the reservoir-tailwater systems and a put-grow-and-take stocking program to develop striped bass fisheries within both Project reservoirs. The NCWRC has stocked several species of game fish in Lake Tillery and Blewett Falls Lake since the 1950s to enhance the reservoir sport fisheries and angler utilization (Tatum 1960; NCWRC 1966, Dorsey et al. 2004). Nine species have been stocked in Lake Tillery and included channel catfish, striped bass, white bass, bluegill, redear sunfish, largemouth bass, northern pike, sauger, and walleye. Of these species, only northern pike, sauger, and walleye failed to develop viable populations. In Blewett Falls Lake, stocked fish species included largemouth bass, bluegill, redbreast sunfish, redear sunfish, flathead catfish, walleye, white bass, and striped bass. Walleye stocking was unsuccessful in 1954, but white bass and striped bass stocked in 1954 and 1959 were deemed successful. Threadfin shad, blueback herring, gizzard shad, and flathead catfish were also stocked by the NCWRC during the 1950s and 1960s in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River chain of lakes and, in some instances, have migrated downstream into the Project reservoirs and associated tailwaters. All of these species currently have reproducing populations in Project waters. The NCWRC managed Lake Tillery as a “Trophy Largemouth Bass Lake” from January 1978 until January 1982. During that time, the harvest of largemouth bass was restricted to eight fish per day with a size limit of ≥ 450 mm. The management objective was to increase the average size of adults and thereby create a “trophy fishery.” During January 1982, the largemouth bass creel restriction


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was changed to a ≥ 350 mm size restriction with the stipulation that two fish of any size could be included in the eight-fish-per-day creel limit (Chapman 1983). The NCWRC concluded from these studies that angling pressure was sufficient in Lake Tillery to alter the largemouth bass size structure; however, no creel data were available to estimate actual catch and harvest rates of largemouth bass or other sport fishes. The NCWRC published The North Carolina Black Bass Management Plan during 1993. This plan provides direction for managing largemouth bass populations throughout the state, including the Project reservoirs (NCWRC 1993). Several strategies were outlined in the plan, most notably habitat protection, angler creel restrictions to manage age and size structure, angler use feedback on management strategies, and management of fish stocking activities in reservoirs compatible with the plan’s objectives. The NCWRC currently has a creel restriction of 5 largemouth bass per day with a minimum size limit of 356 mm (14 inches) for the Yadkin-Pee Dee River chain of lakes, including both Project reservoirs (NCWRC 2005a). The NCWRC assessed the largemouth bass population in Lake Tillery during 1997 and 2003. The 1997 study noted the largemouth bass population was adequate and in good condition and that length-frequency data demonstrated that a large percentage of the population consisted of harvestable-size fish (14 inches or greater) for anglers (Chambers and Chapman 1998). A follow-up study conducted in 2003 indicated higher catch rates of harvestable-sized largemouth bass when compared to the 1997 study (Nelson and Dorsey 2005). The largemouth bass age structure was well represented with multiple year classes supporting the fishery. Overall size structure, body condition, and growth rates were good. The 2003 study recommended maintaining the current creel restrictions on Lake Tillery. The NCWRC has also regulated angler harvest of crappie populations in Lake Tillery and Blewett Falls Lake, with a size restriction of ≥ 203 mm (8 inches) and a 20-fish-per-day creel limit (NCWRC 2005a). This regulation was implemented during July 1991. Similar creel regulations have also been imposed by the NCWRC on other reservoirs upstream in the Yadkin River system (NCWRC 2005a). The management goal of this regulation is to maintain quality crappie populations in the reservoirs. The NCWRC conducted assessments of the crappie populations in both Project reservoirs during 2002 (Harland 2004a, 2004b). The black crappie population in Lake Tillery was found to have large numbers of moderate-growing fish, and the lake offered a quality fishing resource for harvestable-size black crappie. Black and white crappie populations were present in Blewett Falls Lake and consisted of large numbers of above-average growing fish. The NCWRC concluded that the high number of crappies indicated that crappie spawning and reproduction did not appear to be affected by fluctuating water levels in Blewett Falls Lake. The above-average growth rate for both crappie species also indicated an abundant forage base and suitable habitat. The NCWRC assessment concluded that Blewett Falls Lake offered a quality sport fishery for harvestable-size black and white crappies. Striped bass populations within both reservoirs are currently maintained by the NCWRC with annual stocking. The NCWRC management objective is to maintain a put-grow-and-take striped bass fishery in both reservoirs. The striped bass that have been utilized in this stocking program were derived from Roanoke River, North Carolina parental stock (Rulifson and Laney 1999). For the period from 1967 to 1997, the NCWRC stocked over four million striped bass fingerlings into the Yadkin-Pee Dee River chain of lakes. During 2005, the NCWRC stocked 1- to 2-inch striped bass


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fingerlings at rates of five fish per acre in both reservoirs (NCWRC 2005b). The creel restrictions are eight fish per day with two fish less than 406 mm (16 inches). 4.2.2.2 Lake Tillery Fish Community ■ Species Composition Lake Tillery supports a good warmwater sport fishery for largemouth bass, crappie, striped bass, white bass, white perch, catfish, and panfish (Lepomis species) given its moderate biological productivity. Gizzard shad, threadfin shad, white perch, bluegill, largemouth bass, redear sunfish, pumpkinseed redbreast sunfish, warmouth, white catfish, and yellow perch dominated the fish community in Lake Tillery during the 2000 and 2002 fishery surveys (Tables E4-3 to E4-5). Forty-nine fish taxa have been collected from Lake Tillery with most taxa represented by sunfish (Centrarchidae), North American catfishes (Ictaluridae), and sucker (Catostomidae) families (Table E4-1 and Figure E4-1). One Carolina redhorse, a rare native sucker, was collected from the Lake Tillery headwaters just below the Falls Hydroelectric Development, during November 2002 (Table E4-2). This fish may have migrated out of the Uwharrie River located just downstream of the capture location. However, no Carolina redhorse have been documented in fishery surveys of the Uwharrie River to date (Starnes 2004; Starnes et al. 2005). ■ Species Abundance and Community Composition The reservoir electrofishing total mean catch rate was 305 fish/hr with a weight of 45.0 kg/hr based on 2000 and 2002 survey data (Table E4-3). Numerically dominant species, as defined by ≥5 percent of the reservoir total mean catch were threadfin shad, bluegill, gizzard shad, yellow perch, largemouth bass, and redbreast sunfish. By weight, gizzard shad, largemouth bass, white catfish, redear sunfish, notchlip redhorse, and brassy jumprock were the dominant species. Table E4-3 Mean number and weight (Kg) per hour for fish collected with quarterly

electrofishing from Lake Tillery, 2000 and 2002.

2000 2002 2000-2002 Reservoir Mean Taxon No./hr Kg/hr No./hr Kg/hr No./hr Kg/hr

Black crappie < 1 < 0.1 1 0.3 < 1 0.2 Blueback herring < 1 < 0.1 18 0.6 9 0.3 Bluegill 35 1.2 53 1.7 44 1.5 Brassy jumprock 2 1.3 3 3.1 2 2.2 Brown bullhead < 1 < 0.1 1 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 Carolina redhorse 0 0 < 1 0.2 < 1 0.1 Channel catfish < 1 0.6 1 1.5 < 1 1.1 Creek chubsucker < 1 0.1 1 0.3 1 0.2 Etheostoma spp. < 1 < 0.1 0 0 < 1 < 0.1 Gizzard shad 16 6.2 43 19.8 29 13.0 Golden shiner 1 < 0.1 1 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 Flat bullhead 0 0 < 1 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 Flathead catfish 0 0 < 1 1.2 < 1 0.6 Green sunfish 1 < 0.1 1 < 0.1 1 < 0.1 Largemouth bass 19 9.1 23 13.6 21 11.3 Lepomis hybrid 0 0 < 1 < 0.1 1 < 0.1


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Longnose gar < 1 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 Pumpkinseed 17 0.2 7 0.1 12 < 0.2 Redbreast sunfish 12 0.5 20 0.7 16 0.6 Redear sunfish 8 1.5 20 3.5 14 2.5 Shorthead redhorse 1 0.8 2 2.3 2 1.5 Notchlip redhorse < 1 0.6 3 4.1 2 2.3 Satinfin shiner 0 0 1 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 Snail bullhead 1 0.2 < 1 < 0.1 < 1 0.1 Smallmouth bass 0 0 1 0.3 < 1 0.2 Spottail shiner < 1 < 0.1 0 0 < 1 < 0.1 Striped bass 0 0 < 1 0.4 < 1 0.2 Tessellated darter < 1 < 0.1 0 0 < 1 < 0.1 Threadfin shad 6 < 0.1 203 0.8 104 0.4 Warmouth 3 0.2 2 < 0.1 2 < 0.1 White catfish 6 4.8 8 4.9 7 4.8 White perch 4 0.4 9 0.5 6 0.5 Yellow perch 23 0.9 31 1.1 27 1.0 Total1 156 28.7 453 61.3 305 45.0

1 Totals may vary from column sums due to rounding. The gill net reservoir-wide total mean catch rate was 65.6 fish/24 hours with a weight of 12.7 kg/24 hours based on 2000 and 2002 survey data (Table E4-4). White perch, threadfin shad, and gizzard shad — species which occupy open water habitat — dominated the gill netting catch. White perch was very abundant in Lake Tillery and comprised 59 and 43 percent of the reservoir mean number and weight per 24 hours, respectively. White perch was also a dominant species in other hydroelectric reservoirs located upstream of Lake Tillery (High Rock, Tuckertown, Narrows, and Falls Reservoirs) although threadfin shad was also abundant in the more biologically productive High Rock and Tuckertown reservoirs (APGI 2002). Table E4-4 Mean number and weight (Kg) per 24 hours for fish collected with quarterly

gill netting from Lake Tillery, 2000 and 20021.

2000 2002 2000-2002 Reservoir mean Taxon No./24 hrs Kg/ 24 hrs No./24 hrs Kg/ 24 hrs No./24 hrs Kg/ 24 hrs

Black crappie 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.7 0.1 Blue catfish 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.9 0.6 1.2 Blueback herring 0.4 < 0.1 1.2 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 Bluegill < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 Brassy jumprock 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Brown bullhead < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Channel catfish 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 Common carp 0 0 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Creek chubsucker < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 Flat bullhead 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 Flathead catfish < 0.1 0.1 0 0 < 0.1 < 0.1 Gizzard shad 3.1 1.3 3.8 1.7 3.4 1.5 Golden shiner 0 0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1


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2000 2002 2000-2002 Reservoir mean Taxon No./24 hrs Kg/ 24 hrs No./24 hrs Kg/ 24 hrs No./24 hrs Kg/ 24 hrs

Largemouth bass 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.3 Lepomis hybrid < 0.1 < 0.1 0 0 < 0.1 < 0.1 Longnose gar 0.5 1.1 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.9 Pumpkinseed 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 Quillback < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Redbreast sunfish < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 Redear sunfish 0.3 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 Shorthead redhorse 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Notchlip redhorse 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Snail bullhead 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 Striped bass 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 Threadfin shad 0.3 < 0.1 29.3 0.3 14.6 0.1 Warmouth 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 White bass 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 White catfish 1.8 0.7 2.5 0.8 2.1 0.7 White crappie < 0.1 < 0.1 0 0 < 0.1 < 0.1 White perch 37.9 5.5 40.0 5.5 39.0 5.5 White sucker < 0.1 < 0.1 0 0 < 0.1 < 0.1 Yellow perch 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 Total2 48.9 11.6 82.8 13.8 65.6 12.7

1 Sample size equaled 64 during 2001 and 62 during 2002. 2 Totals may vary from column sums due to rounding. A comparison was made of the Lake Tillery quarterly electrofishing and gill netting total mean catch rates and similar catch rate data from other Yadkin and Pee Dee River hydroelectric reservoirs (Figure E4-7). Lake Tillery electrofishing and gill netting total mean catch rates were comparable to the reservoirs located upstream and Blewett Falls Lake, located downstream. Differences in catch rates were expected given the productivity, retention times, water clarity, and habitat. Generally, the more productive reservoirs had greater total catch rates and dominance predominantly by planktivorous or insectivorous feeding species, such as gizzard shad, threadin shad, and bluegill. Considering these factors, the electrofishing and gill netting catch rates for Lake Tillery were within the expected range for a reservoir of moderate biological productivity with a relatively short hydraulic residence time of 8.3 days. Annual mean electrofishing catch rates of largemouth bass, a popular sport fish in Lake Tillery, were 19 and 23 fish/hr during the 2000 and 2002 surveys, respectively (Table E4-3). Largemouth bass mean catch rates were comparable to annual catch rates from High Rock, Tuckertown, Narrows, and Falls reservoirs (15 to 22 fish/hr) during fishery surveys conducted in 2000 (APGI 2002). The annual mean electrofishing catch rates of largemouth bass were slightly lower in Blewett Falls Lake (13 to 18 fish/hr) but still comparable to Lake Tillery and the upstream reservoirs.


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Figure E4-7 Comparison of quarterly electrofishing and gill netting reservoir-wide total

mean catch rates for the Yadkin-Pee Dee River chain of lakes, 1999-2002. The Tillery and Blewett Falls data were averaged over two years while the data for High Rock, Tuckertown, Narrows, and Falls were collected during 2000. Fishery data for High Rock, Tuckertown, Narrows, and Falls reservoirs were obtained from APGI (2002).

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E4-23

Total fish mean density and biomass estimates from cove rotenone sampling during 2000 were 17,331 fish/ha (hectare) and 170 kg/ha, respectively (Table E4-5). The mean density and biomass estimates were lower than estimates for 1992 from the reservoir, the NCWRC estimates for the 1980s from Narrows Reservoir, and Progress Energy estimates for Blewett Falls Lake during 1993, 1999, and 2001 (Figure E4-8). However, the Lake Tillery estimates during 1992 and 2000 were greater than mean estimates (5,198 fish/ha and 89 kg/ha) from cove rotenone samples collected by the NCWRC during the 1956 through 1959 period (Tatum 1960). Table E4-5 Fish standing crop estimates (number and weight per hectare [Kg/ha]) by

transect from cove rotenone sampling at Lake Tillery during 20001. Transect

C RM 219.5

F RM 224.3

H RM 228.1

Reservoir Mean Taxon

No./ha Kg/ha No./ha Kg/ha No./ha Kg/ha No./ha Kg/ha Black crappie 16 < 0.1 37 0.1 48 0.1 34 0.1 Blueback herring 0 0 0 0 122 0.1 41 < 0.1 Bluegill 6,964 49.5 3,216 20.3 10,978 77.0 7,053 49.0 Brown bullhead 32 0.1 0 0 0 0 11 < 0.1 Channel catfish 0 0 6 4.8 17 19.2 8 8.0 Creek chubsucker 16 0.3 14 1.6 78 4.6 36 2.2 Eastern mosquitofish 24 < 0.1 23 < 0.1 91 < 0.1 46 < 0.1 Erimyzon spp. 0 0 3 < 0.1 0 0 1 < 0.1 Flat bullhead 71 2.4 0 0 9 0.3 27 0.9 Gizzard shad 71 25.0 118 40.9 161 51.0 117 39.0 Golden shiner 87 0.5 26 0.1 100 0.2 71 0.3 Green sunfish 791 4.9 3 < 0.1 113 0.5 302 1.8 Ictaluridae 63 0.1 0 0 257 0.6 107 0.2 Largemouth bass 79 2.7 43 4.8 109 16.2 77 7.9 Lepomis hybrid 0 0 0 0 4 0.3 2 0.1 Lepomis spp. 0 0 0 0 35 0.1 12 < 0.1 Longnose gar 0 0 0 0 4 0.2 2 0.1 Pumpkinseed 483 4.1 1,482 5.6 3,490 12.3 1,818 7.3 Redbreast sunfish 206 2.4 130 1.2 174 3.2 170 2.3 Redear sunfish 768 7.2 1,998 6.7 3,825 26.4 2,197 13.4 Tessellated darter 158 < 0.1 14 < 0.1 200 0.2 124 0.1 Threadfin shad 6,236 19.5 3,604 6.6 1,545 2.0 3,795 9.4 Warmouth 1,195 13.5 135 3.1 318 8.0 549 8.2 White catfish 24 9.6 58 6.0 305 9.8 129 8.4 White crappie 16 < 0.1 0 0 0 0 5 < 0.1 White perch 32 0.6 227 9.0 9 0.5 89 3.4 Yellow bullhead 63 0.3 0 0 0 0 21 0.1 Yellow perch 404 6.0 610 9.6 457 6.5 490 7.4 Total2 17,799 148.9 11,748 120.6 22,448 240.0 17,331 169.7

1 Cove rotenone samples were not collected from Lake Tillery during 2002. 2 Totals may vary from column sums due to rounding.


Shad Catfishes/bullheads Bluegill Other Lepomis spp.

Largemouth bass Yellow perch Other taxa

Narrows Reservoir (1980, 1982, and 1984)

Lake Tillery (1992)

Density (Number/ha)

Biomass (Kg/ha)

Lake Tillery (2000)

Blewett Falls Lake (1993)



26,745 fish/ha 434 kg/ha


17,331 fish/ha

21,159 fish/ha

64,472 fish/ha

78,254 fish/ha

170 kg/ha

189 kg/ha

362 kg/ha

583 kg/ha







Narrows Reservoir (1980, 1982, and 1984)

Lake Tillery (1992)

Density (Number/ha)

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Lake Tillery (2000)






17,331 fish/ha

21,159 fish/ha

64,472 fish/ha

78,254 fish/ha

170 kg/ha

189 kg/ha

362 kg/ha

583 kg/ha

Figure E4-8 Percent relative abundance of selected fish taxa from cove rotenone density

(number/ha) and biomass (Kg/ha) estimates collected at Narrows Reservoir, Lake Tillery, and Blewett Falls Lake.

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The dominant species in cove rotenone samples by mean density were bluegill, threadfin shad, redear sunfish, and pumpkinseed, species that comprised the sport fishery and prey base in Lake Tillery (Table E4-5 and Figure E4-8). The mean biomass estimate was comprised mainly of bluegill, gizzard shad, redear sunfish, threadfin shad, and white catfish (Table E4-5 and Figure E4-8). A similar dominance pattern was observed in cove rotenone samples collected from the lake during 1992 (CP&L 1993). Tatum (1960) reported that sunfish species (Lepomis spp.), gizzard shad, white perch, white catfish, and white crappie, were most the most numerically abundant species in cove rotenone samples collected during the 1956 to 1959 period. Gizzard shad, sunfish species (Lepomis spp.), white perch, and white catfish were the most abundant species by biomass during this same period. Gizzard shad and threadfin shad comprised 28 percent of the total fish mean biomass, which was lower than the estimates (usually 40 percent to 60 percent) of the relative contribution of shad to the total fish mean biomass in other southeastern impoundments (Grinstead et al. 1978; Davies et al. 1982). The contribution of shad to the total fish mean biomass in Lake Tillery was comparable between 1992 (26 percent) and 2000 (28 percent). Shad contributed between 44 to 51 percent of the total fish biomass in Blewett Falls Lake during 1999 and 2001 and 46 percent of the total mean biomass in Narrows Reservoir during the 1980s (Figure E4-8). Shad abundance has been positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentrations, and hence, biological productivity in southeastern reservoirs (Siler et al. 1986; Rodriquez and Olmsted 1994). The abundance of shad, as well as other species, in Lake Tillery is influenced by the moderate biological productivity. Bluegill, a panfish species in the sport fishery, constituted 29 percent of the total fish mean biomass in Lake Tillery during 2000 (Table E4-5 and Figure E4-8). This mean biomass estimate was comparable to the 1992 mean biomass estimate for this species (26 percent) and Davies et al. (1982) observation that bluegill contributed up to 20 percent of the total fish biomass in southeastern mainstream impoundments. Additionally, the bluegill mean biomass estimates during 1992 and 2000 were greater than Jenkin’s (1975) biomass estimate of 20.7 kg/ha for 144 southeastern U.S. reservoirs. Bluegill comprised a smaller portion of the total fish biomass compared to more productive lakes such as Narrows Reservoir and Blewett Falls Lake where shad were dominant in the fish communities (Figure E4-8). Bluegill comprised 14 to 16 percent of the total mean biomass in these shad-dominated communities. The mean biomass of largemouth bass was 7.9 kg/ha, and the species comprised 4.7 percent of the total fish mean biomass (Table E4-5). Black bass, including largemouth bass, typically constitute five percent of the total fish biomass in southeastern impoundments (Davies et al. 1982). The mean biomass estimate was also slightly less than the estimate of 10 kg/ha for black bass from 170 southeastern U.S. reservoirs (Jenkins 1975). Biomass of largemouth bass were less than five percent of cove rotenone samples collected from Blewett Falls Lake and Narrows Reservoir where shad dominated the fish community (Figure E4-8). ■ Size Structure, Reproductive Success, and Body Condition Length-frequency data for the major prey and sport fishes collected during electrofishing, cove rotenone, and gill net sampling were presented in Progress Energy’s ICD (Progress Energy 2003). These length-frequency histograms showed multiple size classes present for most species, and the presence of YOY indicating good reproductive success in the fish community during 2000 and 2002. In particular, bluegill, largemouth bass, and threadfin shad showed good reproductive success in


E4-26

2000 as evidenced by the number of YOY present in cove rotenone samples. The gizzard shad population was comprised mainly of older adults and reproductive success of this species may have been affected by competitive interactions with threadfin shad. Proportional stock density (PSD) and relative stock density (RSD) values were also calculated for major prey and sport fish and those data were also presented in the ICD (Progress Energy 2003). The PSD and RSD are indices which describe the size structure and number of harvestable size fish in the fish population. The PSD is defined as the number of fish ≥ minimum quality length ÷ number of fish ≥ minimum stock length x 100 (Anderson and Neumann 1996). Relative stock density is defined as the number of fish ≥ preferred length ÷ number of fish ≥ minimum stock length x 100. Minimum stock, quality, and preferred lengths are equivalent to 20 to 26 percent, 36 to 41 percent, and 45 to 55 percent, respectively of the world record length for a particular species (Gabelhouse 1984). The calculated PSD and RSD values were within acceptable ranges for redear sunfish, largemouth bass, black crappie, and white perch as cited in Anderson (1980) and Anderson and Newman (1996). Nelson and Dorsey (2005) calculated a PSD value of 72 and a RSD-Preferred (15 inches) value of 41 for the largemouth bass population during a NCWRC assessment conducted in 2003. These values indicated the largemouth bass population was comprised of a large number of harvestable-size fish. Similarly, a crappie assessment conducted by the NCWRC during 2002 found that large, harvestable-size crappie dominated the population based a PSD value of 71 and a RSD-Preferred (10 inches) value of 25 (Harland 2004a). Bluegill PSD and RSD values were variable by sampling method. The bluegill PSD value calculated from electrofishing samples collected by Progress Energy during 2000 was within the accepted range for a balanced population (20 to 60). The bluegill PSD and RSD values calculated from cove rotenone samples reflected the predominance of YOY individuals in the sample. Small sample sizes for blue catfish and channel catfish made it difficult to make meaningful conclusions on the size structure, although there appeared to be few large, quality-size individuals present in the reservoir. Relative weight (Wr), an index of body condition, were generally greater than 90 and near the optimal value of 100 for most major prey and sport fishes during 2000 and 2002 (Figure E4-9). The largemouth bass mean Wr values ranged from 90 to 93 which slightly lower than the range of 95 to 100 often considered optimal for management purposes for this species (Murphy et al. 1991). However, these Wr values were comparable to Wr values found by the NCWRC (Wr values of 90 and 92) during largemouth bass assessments conducted in 1994, 1997, and 2003 (Chambers and Chapman 1994, 1998; Nelson and Dorsey 2005). The Wr values for channel catfish, blue catfish, striped bass, white perch, and white bass indicated the presence of quality-size fish in Lake Tillery. The bluegill mean Wr values were below optimal and suggested high inter- and intra-specific competition for available food sources in the lake.


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Figure E4-9 Means and ranges of relative weight (Wr ) values for major fish species

collected from Lake Tillery during 2000 and 2002 (Note: the square and vertical line denotes the mean, minimum, and maximum Wr values, respectively, and sample sizes are given beside plotted values). A value of 100 represents an optimal relative weight.

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In summary, Lake Tillery supports a healthy warm water fishery with fish species composition and dominance patterns expected for a Piedmont lake when considering the moderate biological productivity of the lake, the natural aging of the reservoir, and the introductions of other non-native fish species into the community over time (e.g., threadfin shad, blueback herring, striped bass, flathead catfish, and blue catfish). Reproductive success of the major prey and sport fishes was good during recent surveys, and the size structure and body condition was generally within the desired ranges for healthy populations. 4.2.2.3 Blewett Falls Lake Fish Community ■ Species Composition Blewett Falls Lake had a diverse and healthy warmwater fish community comprised of 59 taxa (48 named species) with Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, and Catostomidae families representing most taxa (Tables E4-1 and E4-6 to E4-8). The species composition in the lake may have been influenced, to some extent, by fish movement from the Pee Dee River reach located above the lake. Two rare suckers — Carolina redhorse and highfin carpsucker — were documented in Blewett Falls Lake. ■ Species Abundance and Community Composition The electrofishing and gill netting total mean catch rates from Blewett Falls Lake were comparable to other Yadkin-Pee Dee lakes, including Lake Tillery (Tables E4-6 and E4-7 and Figure E4-7). Generally, the more biologically productive reservoirs produced greater total fish catch rates with bluegill, shad, catfish, or white perch as the dominant species depending upon the sampling method. Table E4-6 Mean number and weight (Kg) per hour for fish collected with quarterly

electrofishing from Blewett Falls Lake, 1999 and 2001.


American eel < 1 0.2 < 1 0.2 < 1 0.2 Blue catfish < 1 1.5 < 1 0.4 < 1 0.9 Blueback herring 0 0 < 1 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 Bluegill 34 0.5 96 1.9 65 1.2 Bluehead chub 0 0 < 1 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 Carolina redhorse 0 0 < 1 0.2 < 1 0.1 Channel catfish 2 1.6 1 0.5 2 1.1 Comely shiner < 1 < 0.1 0 0 < 1 < 0.1 Common carp 1 3.7 2 5.2 1 4.5 Flathead catfish < 1 0.1 < 1 2.2 < 1 1.1 Gizzard shad 42 2.4 48 2.9 45 2.7 Golden shiner < 1 < 0.1 2 < 0.1 1 < 0.1 Green sunfish 1 < 0.1 1 < 0.1 1 < 0.1 Largemouth bass 13 5.9 18 8.7 16 7.3 Longnose gar 0 0 < 1 0.1 1 < 0.1 Moxostoma spp. < 1 0.2 0 0 < 1 0.1 Pumpkinseed < 1 < 0.1 2 < 0.1 1 < 0.1 Quillback 0 0 < 1 0.5 < 1 < 0.1 Redbreast sunfish 2 < 0.1 2 < 0.1 2 < 0.1 Redear sunfish 4 1.0 2 0.3 3 0.6


E4-29


Satinfin shiner 1 < 0.1 1 < 0.1 1 < 0.1 Notchlip redhorse < 1 0.1 < 1 0.1 < 1 0.1 Smallmouth buffalo 14 18.3 12 17.1 13 17.8 Spottail shiner 0 0 < 1 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 Spotted sucker < 1 0.1 3 0.6 2 0.4 Threadfin shad 95 0.6 32 0.1 64 0.4 Warmouth 2 < 0.1 4 0.1 3 < 0.1 White bass < 1 < 0.1 < 1 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 Whi

yadkin-pee dee river hydroelectric project ferc no. 2206 ......yadkin-pee dee river hydroelectric...

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