Y10 30 minutes of revision:

Causes of World War One

Mr B. Armstrong, Ripley St. Thomas

Military Planning

Alliances

1st Moroccan Crisis

2nd Moroccan Crisis

Bosnian Crisis

2 Balkan Wars

Death of Franz

Ferdinand

Arms Race

Why it happened

How it happened

What were the outcomes?

Why it happened

How it happened

What were the outcomes?

ALLIANCES

1. Countries in Europe were worried about each other.

2. Germany and France were particularly opposed; so were Britain and Germany

3. Alliances were supposed to make war between rivals impossible.

1. 1882 Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) formed.

2. 1904 Entente Cordiale signed as friendly agreement between France and Britain.

3. 1907 Anglo-Russian Agreement signed. This and the Entente Cordiale were called Triple Alliance

1. Two large armed camps in Europe.

2. Although they were supposed to prevent war, in reality it just meant that war became more likely and would involve multiple countries.

Why it happened

How it happened

What were the outcomes?

NAVAL RACE

1. Britain was proud of large navy.

2. 1898 and 1900 Germany passed Naval Laws to make navy larger.

3. Britain saw this as a threat. They needed naval power for their empire.

1. Britain formed the “Two-Power Standard” for the navy.

2. In 1906 the Dreadnought was invented. Then the Super-Dreadnought in 1911

3. Britain and Germany competed to make the most dreadnoughts. The British public supported this.

1. Both countries spent a huge amount of money on the new ships.

2. Having more ships made war more likely.

3. The ships were important in the Moroccan Crisis.

Why it happened

How it happened

What were the outcomes?

MILITARY PLANNING

1. Many countries in Europe distrusted each other. It only seemed like a matter of time until war broke out.

2. Each country needed a plan to help their partners in the alliances.

1. Germany made the Schlieffen Plan.

2. Britain created the British Expeditionary Force.

3. France wrote Plan 17.

4. Austria-Hungary made the largest artillery in Europe at their Skoda factories.

5. Russia armed a huge army.

1. Each country was ready for war, so war was more likely.

2. More than 10 million soldiers were armed across the various countries of Europe.

3. Newspapers and films promoted patriotic ideas of the glory of fighting a war.

Defence Spending, 1870-1914

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

£m 94 130 154 268 289 398

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

Russian postcard from 1913

Why it happened

How it happened

What were the outcomes?

1st MOROCCAN CRISIS - Tangiers

1. Kaiser wanted his “place in the sun”.

2. Germany and France both wanted influence in Morocco.

1. 1905 Kaiser Wilhelm II travelled to Tangiers in Morocco.

2. He paraded through Tangiers and announced that he wanted to guarantee Moroccan independence. This would block French plans.

3. A conference was held at Algeciras in Spain in 1906 to sort out the issue.

1. Morocco was guaranteed as independent.

2. France was given control of the Moroccan police with Spain.

3. Britain and Russia supported France. France and Britain held talks to begin joint military planning.

Why it happened

How it happened

What were the outcomes?

2nd MOROCCAN CRISIS - Agadir

1. 1911 a rebellion broke out in Morocco.

2. The Sultan asked for French help.

3. The Germans were still annoyed over their failure in the 1st Moroccan Crisis and jealous of French influence in the area.

1. France sent soldiers to protect their interests.

2. Germany sent the Panther to protect their interests and stop France taking over.

3. Britain saw this as a threat. They began to put their naval base at Gibraltar on a war footing. They announced support of France.

1. Germany had to back down. They were given 100,000 square miles of useless swamp in the Congo as compensation.

2. Britain and France had pulled together – they knew their alliance was solid.

3. Britain and France were more suspicious of Germany.

Why it happened

How it happened

What were the outcomes?

Bosnian problems 1908-13

1. Austria-Hungary was worried about the Balkans, particularly Bosnia and Serbia.

2. Serbia wanted to be powerful and form Greater Serbia

3. Russia wanted influence in the Balkans and to prevent Austria-Hungary being too powerful.

1. Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia meaning that it took control.

2. In 1912-13, the Balkan states fought Turkey and each other; Serbia came out as the most powerful state.

3. Germany and Russia came close to war in support of Austria and Serbia.

1. Each country involved was angry – Bosnia and Serbia for the takeover; Russia at Germany and Austria.

2. Each country decided never to back down again. Russia and Germany both swore to follow through on threats in future.

3. Serbia formed the Black Hand Gang.

Franz Ferdinand murdered

Austria gave 10 point

ultimatum to Serbia

Serbia ignored ultimatum

Austria invaded Serbia

Russia prepared for

war to support Serbia

Germany warned Russia; War declared.

Germany declared war

on France.

Schlieffen Plan – Germany

invades France through Belgium

Britain honoured Treaty of London and declared war

on Germany

Alliances

Franz

Ferdinand

killed

Military

Plans

Arms Race

1st

Moroccan

Crisis

2nd

Moroccan

Crisis

Balkan

problems

10 Point

Ultimatum

WARSlide to war

MANIA

Militarism – countries were getting ready for war, e.g. Naval race, arms race, military plans and conscription.

Alliances – countries had grouped together into two rival gangs which were ready to fight.

Nationalism – countries were proud of their identity and this caused problems, e.g. Serbians and Bosnians against Austria.

Imperialism - countries wanting to take over an empire, e.g. Britain defending British Empire, France and Germany being involved in Morocco, Austria-Hungary annexing Bosnia.

Awful governments – governments which made bad decisions and were unpopular with their people, e.g. Hapsburgs in Austria.