writing formulas and naming compounds sc standards ps-4.5 predict the ratio by which the...
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Writing Formulas and Naming CompoundsWriting Formulas and Naming Compounds
SC StandardsSC Standards
PS-4.5Predict the ratio by which the representative elements combine to form binary ionic compounds, and represent that ratio in a chemical formula.
PS-4.5Predict the ratio by which the representative elements combine to form binary ionic compounds, and represent that ratio in a chemical formula.
“Perhaps one of you gentlemen would mind telling me just what is outside the window that you find so attractive..?”
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Warm-up Distinguish if the compounds on the board are ionic or covalent
Warm-up Distinguish if the compounds on the board are ionic or covalent
Types of BondsTypes of Bonds
IonicCovalentMetallic
IonicCovalentMetallic
Binary Ionic CompoundsBinary Ionic Compounds
Binary compound – compound composed of only two elements
KCl MgCl2 AlCl3
Binary compound – compound composed of only two elements
KCl MgCl2 AlCl3
Element ChargeElement Charge
Oxidation number – the charge on an ion
Group 1 +1Group 2 +2Group 16 -2Group 17 -1
Oxidation number – the charge on an ion
Group 1 +1Group 2 +2Group 16 -2Group 17 -1
Writing Chemical FormulasWriting Chemical Formulas
In order for you to write formulas, you must know the elements charge or oxidation
number
In order for you to write formulas, you must know the elements charge or oxidation
number+1
+2 +3 +4 -3 -2 -1
0
How do we use an oxidation number?
How do we use an oxidation number?
When an element gains or loses an electron it develops a charge…
When an element gains or loses an electron it develops a charge…
What is sodium’s oxidation number?
What is chlorine’s oxidation number?
How do they bond?How do they bond?
A compound is always neutral.
The oxidation numbers always add up to zero.
In other words – the amount of positive charge must equal the amount of negative
charge
A compound is always neutral.
The oxidation numbers always add up to zero.
In other words – the amount of positive charge must equal the amount of negative
charge
Na+ + Cl- NaCl
Transition Metals
- most transition metals can form many different ions so a roman numeral is used to show its oxidation number
copper (I) Cu+1
copper (II) Cu+2
Determining the Formula for an Ionic Compound
Write down the ions of each element
Determine the number of each of the ions it takes to make a compound with no charge
Write down the formula using subscripts to show how many of each ion it took
What is the formula for the compound
that forms between magnesium and phosphorous?
Mg+2 P-3
3(+2) + 2(-3) = 0
Mg3P2
You Try it!!You Try it!!
Write the formulas for the compounds that form between the following pairs:
1. Sodium and sulfur2. Calcium and bromine3. Iron (III) and iodine4. Copper (I) and phosphorus
Write the formulas for the compounds that form between the following pairs:
1. Sodium and sulfur2. Calcium and bromine3. Iron (III) and iodine4. Copper (I) and phosphorus
Polyatomic IonsA Group of Atoms that Function as a Single Unit
in Compounds and Chemical Reactions
ammonium - NH4+1
hydroxide - OH-1
nitrate - NO3-1
carbonate - CO3-2
sulfate - SO4-2
phosphate - PO4-3
What is the formula for the compound between…
potassium and sulfate? ammonium and nitride?
K+1 SO4-2
2(+1) + (-2) = 0 K2SO4
NH4+1 N-3
3(+1) + (-3) = 0 (NH4)3N
Steps for Naming
Name the (+) ion (always
first)
1A or 2A metal or Ag, Cd, Zn, Al?
Just name it
NH4?Just name it
Group 3-16 metal?Name with Roman numeral
Name the (-) ion
Monoatomic?- name with -ide ending
Polyatomic? - Just name it
Practice Naming Compounds…
Sodium and Sulfur Na2SCalcium and BromineCaBr2
Iron(III) and Iodine FeI3Copper (I) and PhosphorusCu3P
Sodium SulfideCalcium BromideIron (III) Iodide
Copper (I) Phosphide
Covalent BondingCovalent Bonding
Covalent Bonds occur when electrons are being sharedCovalent Bonds occur when electrons are being shared
Electrons shared equallyElectrons shared unequally
e- are shared equallysymmetrical e- densityusually identical atoms
e- are shared equallysymmetrical e- densityusually identical atoms
Nonpolar Covalent Compounds
Nonpolar Covalent Compounds
Nonpolar Covalent Compounds
Nonpolar Covalent Compounds
Examples: The Magnificent Seven… I2, Br2, Cl2, F2, O2, N2, H2
Examples: The Magnificent Seven… I2, Br2, Cl2, F2, O2, N2, H2
+ -
Polar Covalent Compounds
Polar Covalent Compounds
e- are shared unequallyasymmetrical e- density
results in partial charges (poles)
e- are shared unequallyasymmetrical e- density
results in partial charges (poles)
Polar Covalent Compounds
Polar Covalent Compounds
Examples: H2O and HCl
Examples: H2O and HCl
•Nonpolar
•Polar
• Ionic
View Bonding Animations.
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