AProject Report

On

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

Submitted in the fulfillment of a three week internship by

Alpana Sharan

Student ofRamrao Adik Institute of Technology,

Nerul, Navi Mumbai

Project undertaken at:Toyo Computers Pvt. Ltd.

Mahape, Navi Mumbai

Under the guidance ofDeven Lilani

(Managing Director)

Dec 2013 – Feb 2014

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PREFACE

Currently I am completing a Bachelor’s degree in Electronics at Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology, Nerul, Navi Mumbai. I am in my third year. Doing a three week internship in my winter break could serve me of great value. The reason I choose to do this internship is because I wanted to experience the real world work culture and also gain some new knowledge.

The reason I choose Toyo Computers for my internship is because of my interest in information Technology. Another reason was that my uncle living in the same building as I had recommended this.

This report documents the work done during the winter internship at Toyo Computers Pvt. Ltd. under the supervision of Mr. Deven Lilani. The report first shall give an overview of the tasks and projects completed during the period of internship with the required details. Then the results obtained shall be discusses and analyzed. 

I have tried my best to keep report simple yet technically correct. I hope I succeed in my attempt.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS2

Simply put, I could not have done this work without lots of help I received cheerfully from the whole staff. The work culture in Toyo Computers really motivates. Everybody is such a cheerful companion here that work stress never comes in way.

I would specially like to thank Mr. Deven Lilani for providing me this opportunity to work as an intern and share all his productive ideas to work upon which has really helped me to enhance my knowledge. Not only did he advise about my projects but listening to him has evoked a good interest in work.

I am also highly indebted to my supervisors Mr. Bosco, Ms. Amruta , Ms. Pallavi and Ms. Poonam who seemed to have a really great knowledge about Geographic Information System (GIS) and solutions to all my problems.

ABSTRACT

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This report presents the different tasks completed during the winter internship which is listed below:

Detailed understanding about Geographic Information Technology (GIS).

Data collection of Different Golf courses in United Kingdom and Europe using Internet and Microsoft Office Excel.

Data collection by Google Earth imagery using Keyhole mark-up Language (KML) Extractor.

Digitization (mapping) of Golf courses using Google Earth Imagery.

Digitizing of Golf courses using Arc Map.

Mapping of villages using AutoCAD.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………….72. Project: 1……………………………………………………………………10

2.1. Sources………………………………………………………………102.1.1. England Golf…………………………………………………102.1.2. Golf Club Website…………………………………………...10

2.2. Explanation on Address Data and course Information………....112.2.1. Golf Club Data……………………………………………....112.2.2. Golf Pro Data………………………………………………..122.2.3. Golf Course Data…………………………………………....132.2.4. Additional Files……………………………………………....13

3. Project: 2(a)……………………………………………………………......163.1. Delivery Format…………………………………………………......163.2. Golf Scorecards and maps………………………………..............16

3.2.1. Clubhouse Car Park………………………………………...183.2.2. Tee Box……………………………………………………....183.2.3. Carry………………………………………………………….203.2.4. Dog Legs……………………………………………………..203.2.5. Water………………………………………………………….203.2.6. General Hazards…………………………………………….213.2.7. Greens………………………………………………………..21

4. Project: 2(b)…………………………………………………………..........264.1. Digitization Process………………………………………………...26

5. Software Used……………………………………………………………..27 6. Steps for Mapping…………………………………………………………277. Tool Run……………………………………………………………………31

7.1. KMZ file………………………………………………………………317.2. KMZ file opened in Manifold……………………………………….31

8. Digitizing using Arc Map…………………………………………………..339. Project: 3 Mapping of Villages using AutoCAD…………………..........35

9.1. Border of the Village……………………………………..................369.2. Other dividing Lines…………………………………………………..36

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9.3. Complete Layout……………………………………………………...3710. Conclusion………………………………………………………………..38

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1. INTRODUCTION

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations. Practitioners also regard the total GIS as including operating personnel and the data that go into the system.

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In other words we can say that Geospatial information is data referenced to a place - a set of geographic coordinates which can often be gathered, manipulated, and displayed in real time. In recent years consumer demand has skyrocketed for geospatial information and for tools like GIS to manipulate and display geospatial information.

Global Positioning System (GPS) data and their integration with digital maps have led to the popular handheld or dashboard navigation devices used daily by millions.

The federal government and policy makers increasingly use geospatial information and tools like GIS for producing floodplain maps, conducting the Census, mapping and responding to natural hazards such as wildfires and hurricanes. For policy makers, this type of analysis can greatly assist in clarifying complex problems that may involve local, state, and federal government, and affect businesses and residential areas.

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Toyo Computers has enabled me to learn digital mapping and geospatial services to Golf courses. The printed course map, though invaluable, has become an outdated tool. It is used constantly for a variety of functions like irrigation and landscape planning as well as for maintenance of greens, tees and fairways. Geospatial mapping technologies enables golf course superintendents, owners, committees, architects, etc. to view their sites from two- and three-dimensional perspectives. The visual representation allows for better communication between course personnel, vendors, insurers and governments agencies establishing accurate area and linear measurements.

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The various projects on which I worked upon have been described below-

1. PROJECT: 1Collection of Address data and course information of Different Golf courses in United Kingdom and Europe using Internet and Microsoft Office Excel.

A list was provided containing all the golf clubs for which the address data was needed. Every row of this list had all the data of one club.

2.1. SourcesThere are two reliable sources for address data of golf clubs in England

2.1.1.England Golf :

The major source for address data of English golf clubs is the England Golf Federation’s website: http://www.englandgolf.org/golfcentral/

2.1.2.Golf club’s website:Some of the information (i.e. ‘golf course name’ or ‘par’) is not published on englandgolf.org. However, this information was easily found in the golf club’s website.

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2.2. Detailed explanation on address data and course information

The golf club listing is divided in 4 parts: Golf Club Data, Golf Pro Data, Golf Course Information, and Additional Files.

Some explanations to the fields in this excel file is given as follows :

Red column titles are mandatory fields. They must always be filled in. These fields are marked red in the excel file as well as below in the explanations. If some information concerning a mandatory field was not been able to collect, then ‘N/A’ (not available) was written in the corresponding cell in the excel file.The other fields were optional. That means if the information on englandgolf.org was found then it was added to the list. But in case there should be no data available from englandgolf.org, these fields can be left empty.

2.2.1. Golf Club data:

Some golf clubs do not have a golf course). In case a golf club in the list does not have its own golf course, ‘NO COURSE’ in the first column was written, and this field was marked red and the remaining fields were left empty.

The structure of golf club entries on englandgolf.org is always the same.

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- Street_Address_01Mandatory field, usually the first information in the address line on englandgolf.org

- Address_02Additional address information if applicable

- Address_03Additional address information if applicable

- City_TownMandatory field, usually the third last information in the address line on englandgolf.org

- State_ProvinceMandatory field, usually the second last information in the address line on englandgolf.org

- ZIP-CodeMandatory field, usually the last information in the address line on englandgolf.org

- CountryMandatory field, already fulfilled by us as it is of course England for every club.

- Club_PhoneMandatory field

- Club_ContactOptional field, not to be mixed up with the name of the golf professional (see below)

- Club_EmailMandatory field

- Club_WebsiteMandatory field

2.2.2.Golf Pro Data:These are all optional fields, i.e. the data only needs to be filled in if the data is available from englandgolf.org

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- Pro_name- Pro_Phone- Pro_Email- Pro_website

2.2.3.Golf Course Data:

Some golf clubs do have more than one golf course. The first three fields concerning golf course data (Course_01_Name, Course_01_Holes and Course_01_Par) must always be filled in. If a golf club has more than one

course, then the other fields starting with ‘Course_02_Name’, ‘Course_02_Holes’ etc. was filled in.

2.2.4.Additional files:

Logo_Image: This was a Mandatory field which was supposed to be collected with the exact name of the golf club’s logo image.

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After completing I had something like this as shown below:

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3. PROJECT: 2(a)

Data collection by Google Earth imagery using Keyhole mark-up Language (KML) Extractor.

For this I have taken Roxenisse Golf Club in Netherlands.

First the FCB data or Front, Centre, Back data was referred to the original plotted data. Rather than a drawn image on the device I had taken measurements to pin point locations. The data that was collected has been described as followed:

3.1. Delivery Format

The data was first delivered in KML Format and as an XLS file. Initially to create a KML file of the data using Google Earth:-

In Google Earth (GE) right click on “places” on the left hand column, select “add new place” and was labelled as the name of the golf course.As long as the “place” was highlighted all new pushpins could be added to the folder.

The data was then added to the folder, if not within the folder the pins had to be dragged into it.

3.2. Golf Scorecards and Maps

The golf scorecards and maps both were needed to complete a course. This was easily available through the clubs website. Throughout I will be using Roxenisse Golf Club in as an example. Below is a picture of the map of the course available on their website.

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Layout available on the website

Layout on Google Earth

3.2.1. Clubhouse Car Park

The clubhouse car park was added as a pushpin as with all FCB data. To place a pushpin using GE, firstly highlight the Golf Course folder then select the yellow pushpin icon at the top of GE- a pin will appear on the map- this was dragged to the relevant location. An information box will also appear- code was placed here on the top text box.Pushpin Code: 1H

This is shown as follows:

3.2.2. Tee Box Only one tee box needs to be logged per hole and this should be the

furthest tee Box from the green.

Pushpin Code: 1T = First hole Tee, 2T = second hole tee, 3T = third hole tee etc.

Most courses that are plotted have 18 holes, many others have 18 holes. Sometimes the 9 hole courses are played twice to create 18 holes

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CLUB HOUSE

Tee Box can be shown as follows:

Golf Data Codes for Hazards

The quantity of the hazards per hole was referred to in the codes as “*”. Bunker – Max. of 6 Tree – Max. of 3 Stream – Max. of 3 Carry – Max of 3

#B*@ - Bunker #I*@ - Tree #S*@ - Stream #P@ - Path (Only 1 per hole) #G@ - General Hazard (Only 1 per hole) #A* - Carry (note this is not directional) #W* - Water Front (Max three per hole, It is not directional) #Q* - Water Back (Max three per hole, it is not directional) #L - Dog Leg Left (one per hole) #D - Dog Leg Right (one per hole)

Some of the Hazards require a code for direction in which they appear to the golfer standing on the Tee facing the Green.

‘1’ - (FRONT OF GREEN) ‘2’ - (LEFT) ‘3’ - (RIGHT) ‘4’ - (CENTRE) ‘5’ - (REAR OF GREEN)

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TEE BOX

3.2.3. CarryCarry was described as unplayable ground- most commonly, but not solely, found between the tee box and the start of the fairway. It should be noted this doesn’t refer to roughly cut grass but refers to hazards such as low vegetation or a ravine or Lake Etc. The Pushpin for carry was placed at the start of the next section of fairway or playable ground.Pushpin Code: #A*

3.2.4. Dog LegsA dog leg is a bend in the fairway that was describe as having more than a 20 degree turn from tee to green. Using the above codes I have placed a pushpin referring to a dog leg in each direction once per hole.Pushpin Code: #L = Left Hand Dog Leg, #D = Right Hand Dog Leg

3.2.5. WaterWater appears on many golf courses but is not always in play. The front and the back of the water were marked at the points they were most in play for a golfer.Pushpin Code: Front #W*, Rear #Q*This is shown as follows:

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Water Hazard

3.2.6. General HazardsGeneral Hazards are described as hazards not covered by any other form of location on the database. These are unusual and generally uncommon on the golf course but can include electricity pylons, monuments, wells, buildings etc. Pushpin Code: #G@

3.2.7. GreensThe Greens are the most important part of the plotting as they are the item all golfers will be measuring to. For FCB data we mark the Front, The Centre and the Back of the green. Using a pushpin, mark the Front (#F), the Centre (#C) and the Rear (#R) of the green.Pushpin Codes: Front #F, Centre #C, Rear #R

This can be shown as follows:

Once I was done with the whole layout I got to see something like as shown below. For example - all the pushpins inside one folder. From here, right click on the folder name, in this instance “Roxenisse Golf Club” select “save place as” the saved location was chosen and name of the file is same the name of the club.

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GREEN

At this point there is an option to save the file as a .KML or a .KMZ- the latter is the default setting. A .KML file in this instance was selected from the drop down box.

Now there was a need to use our proprietary software to convert this .KML file into a workable spread sheet.

First the KML Coordinate Extractor was loaded. As you can see at the bottom there are 3 options 18 hole, 18(2x9)

and 9 Hole. You would select the type of course you are about to convert.

The 18 and 9 hole options are the ones you will use most often but occasionally you will need the 18(2x9) hole option- as mentioned earlier if a nine hole course has alternative tees for the second 9 this is the option you would select.

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Using the “Select Source File” button I searched for the .KML of the course I had been working on and wish to convert. Then I selected the file and the course type then simply press Extract Coordinates.

At this point the software will search through the .KML and ensure there are no errors. If the course is all correct then a new box stating that a CSV File has been created and saved successfully – an example of this is here.

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If there are any errors in the data recorded, it could be seen in the box at the top of the page- sometimes you will need to scroll down to view it within the list of locations. I have now created a CSV file, almost there. Using Microsoft Excel or similar I opened the CSV file and was presented with this spread sheet:- Scrolling across to the right of the screen you various columns and cells with numbers can be seen

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The only thing left was to fill in the clubs details and the scorecard information. This was usually found on the golf clubs website.It appears something like this:

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4. PROJECT: 2(b)

Digitization (mapping) of Golf courses

Digitizing is the process by which coordinates from a map, image, or other sources of data are converted into a digital format in a GIS. This process becomes necessary when available data is gathered in formats that cannot be immediately integrated with other GIS data.

4.1. The Digitizing process

This method involves scanning a map or image into a computer. The digitizer then traces the points, lines and polygons using digitizing software. This method of digitizing has been named "heads-up" digitizing because the focus of the user is up on the screen, rather than down on a digitizing tablet. It has largely replaced manual digitizing because of its speed and accuracy. It is, however, limited to using scans of high quality maps and images. Since the tracing is done on a computer, lines can be set to snap together and polygons can be programmed to share an edge thus removing accidental sliver polygons.

I started this project during the second week of my internship. In this Project, digitization (mapping) of Golf courses was done using Google Earth.

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The main objective for mapping golf courses is to capture the features that one comes across when a golfer plays the game. The reference golf layout and the scorecard inputs are taken from the precise website and later the place marks (pinpoints) are represented the location of Tee box, Fairway, Green, Hydrology, Cart path, Bunker, Tree and Vegetation. The scorecard contents information of no. of holes in a game along with their Par and yardage details.The output data of the golf course will have the attribute (GIS format) for each feature that is represented in a Golf course.

5. Software used: Google Earth, Arc Map

6. Following are the steps in which the Mapping was carried out:

Initially the layout of Roxenisse Golf Club as taken in the previous Project was taken from its website.

This layout is then used for mapping. I started with outlining the Fairways.Satellite view at full zoom

enables to see where the boundaries of the Fairways actually are.

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Next the Greens are outlined as they are very similar to the Fairways as shown below :

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Then the boundary of Tee box or Tee locations was done.There may be multiple tees per hole, each was outlined separately as shown :

Then the Sand bunkers were outlined in a similar manner.

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The water Hazards were also outlined. Any golf cart paths as a Road with the priority as no auto traffic was

marked. The vegetation along with the trees was marked. The entire boundary of the hole playing area including the green,

fairway and tees were outlined. This area was usually lined with trees or paths.

The color code used is as follows:

The result was something like shown as follows:

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7. Tool Run7.1. The KMZ file was tool run:

7.1. Then the KMZ file is opened in MANIFOLD:

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7.2. The shape file is checked in MANIFOLD after tool run:

7.3. The end result is something like this which is all ready to get exported:

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8. Digitization of Golf courses using Arc Map

The Golf courses which are not visible properly cannot be mapped using Google Earth Imagery. Those Golf Clubs can be mapped using Arc Map.

Here as we can see that the VIRVIK GOLF CLUB was not visible on Google Earth

And hence Arc Map has been used for Digitizing Virvik Golf course as shown below:

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9. PROJECT: 3Mapping of Villages using AutoCAD (AutoCAD 2007)

Survey of India, the National Survey and Mapping Organization of our country bears a special responsibility to ensure that the country’s domain is explored and mapped suitably, provide base maps for expeditious and integrated development and ensure that all resources contribute with their full measure to the progress and security of our country now and for the generations to come.

In this Project I got to see how the base maps were mapped.

Here is a map containing the layout of a village in Nainital obtained from the Survey of India which appears something like as shown below:

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9.1. Border of the village is highlighted with the following properties:

Color ByLayer (Brown)Layer Village Boundary

Linetype ByLayerLinetype Scale 1

Lineweight ByLayerThickness 0

This is shown as follows:

9.2. Then the other lines dividing the different parts of the village are done with following properties:

Color ByLayer (Purple)Layer Khasra

Linetype ByLayerLinetype Scale 1

Lineweight ByLayerThickness 0

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This is displayed as:

9.3. The whole layout is completed in this manner as shown:

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10. CONCLUSIONOverall, I had a fantastic experience of learning. I feel extremely fortunate that I had the opportunity to experience the work culture in Toyo Computers. I have gained a lot of knowledge, skills and also met many new people.

I got insight into professional practice. Initially I started with the understanding about what exactly Geographic Information System (GIS) was. Then I learnt the collection of data mainly Address data and course information of different Golf clubs in UK and Europe. I learnt how the layouts of golf courses were exported overseas. This was done first by collecting data (layouts of Golf courses) using Google Earth followed by extracting this data file in KML.I have also seen how maps got digitized(Mapped). Digitization was done by converting the file into KMZ format and checking it in Manifold. I saw the golf clubs which were not visible properly on Google Earth could be mapped in Arc Map. I also learnt the mapping of the base maps obtained from the Survey of India using AutoCAD.

This internship has also taught me what my strengths and weaknesses are. This helped me to define what skills and knowledge I have to improve in the coming time.

At last this internship has brought in me the interest and motivation to learn more in this field.

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