“whenever i hear of the capture of rare beetles, i feel like an old warhorse at the sound of a...
TRANSCRIPT
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“Whenever I hear of the capture of rare beetles, I feel like an old
warhorse at the sound of a trumpet.”
Charles Darwin
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Problems from Last Week
Make sure that you know the terms for the anatomy of the groups we are
studying.
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Entomology LabWeek 3
1)Entognatha1)Protura2)Diplura3)Collembola
2)Ectognatha - Insects1)Ametabola:
1)Archeognatha2)Zygentoma
2)Palaeoptera1)Emphemeroptera2)Odonata
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Proturan Mouthparts
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Phylogeny Orders for Today
Hexapoda
Ectognatha
Entognatha
Insecta
Diplura
Protura
Collembola
Thysanura
Archeognatha
Zygentoma
Ephemeroptera
Odonata
Neoptera - “new wing” vast majority of insects
Palaeoptera
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Order - Diplura
- Compound eyes absent
- Antennae longer than head, with 10 or more bead-like segments
- Abdomen with 10 visible segments
- Cerci present
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Order - Protura
- Antennae absent
- Compound eyes absent
- Head conical, all mouthparts enclosed within the head capsule
- Front legs directed forward(probably sensory in function)
- Cerci and abdominal filaments entirely absent
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Order - Collembola
Furcula
collophore
4-6 segment antenna
Compound eye
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Collembola* Compound eyes absent or reduced to a cluster of not more than 8 ommatidia
* Antennae 4- to 6-segmented
* Abdomen 6-segmented
* Ventral tube (collophore) present on first abdominal segment
* Furcula (springtail) attached ventrally to fourth abdominal segment
* Body frequently clothed with scales
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Class Insecta
What are the synapomorphies shared by all insect groups?
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Traits unique to insects
* lack of musculature beyond the first segment of antenna.* Johnston's organ in pedicel (second segment) of antenna. This
organ is a collection of sensory cells that detect movement of the flagellum.
* a transverse bar forming the posterior tentorium inside the head* tarsi subsegmented* females with ovipositor formed by gonapophyses from segments
8 and 9* annulated, terminal filament extending out from end of segment
11 of abdomen (subsequently lost in most groups of insects)
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Traits typical of most insects
Wings
Compound Eyes and Ocelli
Exposed mouthparts
Well developed thorax
Metamorphosis
Leg with six segments
Antenna
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Order - ArchaeognathaBristletails
* Body cylindrical in shape and tapered posteriorly * Thorax somewhat arched dorsally
* Compound eyes large, often touching; ocelli usually present * Antennae long, thread-like, and multisegmented
* Tarsi 3-segmented * Abdomen with ten complete segments
* Eleventh abdominal segment elongated to form a median caudal filament
* Cerci present, shorter than median caudal filament * Short, lateral styli (rudimentary appendages) present on
abdominal segments 2-9
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Order - ZygentomaSilverfish
* Body relatively flat, tapered and often covered with scales* Compound eyes small or absent* Antennae long, thread-like, and multisegmented* Abdomen with ten complete segments* Eleventh abdominal segment elongated to form a median caudal filament* Cerci present, nearly as long as median caudal filament* Styliform appendages located on abdominal segments 7-9
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Order - EphemeropteraMayflies
* Antennae short and bristle-like* Front legs long and often held out in front of body* Compound eyes large, usually covering most of the head* Wings: four membranous wings with many veins and crossveins front wings large, triangular hind wings smaller, fan-shaped* Abdomen slender, bearing two (or sometimes three) long terminal filaments*Vestigial mouthparts
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Order - OdonataDragonflies and
Damselflies
* Antennae short and bristle-like * Compound eyes large, often covering most of the head * Four membraneous wings with many veins and crossveins * One distinctively pigmented cell (stigma) on leading edge of wing * Abdomen: long and slender
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Odonata WingNodus
Pterostigma
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Costa (C) - the leading edge of the wing
Subcosta (Sc) - second longitudinal vein (behind the costa), typically unbranched
Radius (R) - third longitudinal vein, one branch reaches the wing margin
Media (M) - fourth longitudinal vein, one to four branches reach the wing margin
Cubitus (Cu) - fifth longitudinal vein, one to three branches reach the wing margin
Anal veins (A1, A2, A3) - unbranched veins behind the cubitus
Names of crossveins are based on their position relative to longitudinal veins:c-sc crossveins run between the costa and subcostar crossveins run between adjacent branches of the radiusr-m crossveins run between the radius and mediam-cu crossveins run between the media and cubitus
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TodayKey Odonata to Family
View Collembola under the microscope
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Next Week
Orthopteroids and Dermapterans