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WEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND

Dorset Deprivation IndicesCensus based measures of Deprivation

for Census output areas in Dorset

Produced by:

Dorset County CouncilResearch & Information Group

County HallDorchester

Dorset DT1 1XJ01305 224354February, 2005

The Research & Information Group welcome the reproduction of this original researchbut kindly request that the source is clearly referenced.

Contents

Introduction 1

Presentation of Results 2

Multiple Deprivation 3

Income Deprivation 4

Employment Deprivation 5

Education and Skills Deprivation 6

Health Deprivation 7

Key Map 8

Domains, Indicators and Data Sources 9

Methodology 10

Summary of Methodology 11

Exponential Transformation 12

WEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND CONTENTS

Dorset Deprivation Indices

Introduction

This report is one of a series of six, which present the results of the Dorset Deprivation Indices(DDI) for each of the district local authorities within the County. The Dorset Deprivation Indicesare constructed exclusively from information from the 2001 Census and cover the geographicarea for which Dorset County Council is responsible for the delivery of its services.

The recently published English Indices of Deprivation 2004 (ID2004) provides a nation-widepicture of deprivation, in all its various forms, across England. This picture has been built fromcontemporary data sources from central government departments and other publicorganisations, private organisations and the 2001 Census.

Part of the value of the Dorset Indices is that it places deprivation within a Dorset context, whichis of particular relevance to the County and district councils for the operational planning ofservice delivery.

While the national ranks for Dorset areas from the English indices can always be converted toCounty ranks to place the results in a local context, the most significant value of the DorsetDeprivation Indices is that they are based on a lower level of geography. The English Indicesare based on super output areas (SOAs), which contain, on average, approximately 1,500people. In contrast, the Census-based Dorset Indices are based on the geography of Censusoutput areas (OAs). These areas are much smaller in population terms and contain, onaverage, approximately 200 people and are specifically designed to be homogenous in terms oftheir socio-economic characteristics.

This is significant for two reasons. Firstly, average levels of deprivation for larger, moreheterogeneous, areas can mask areas of the most severe deprivation at a lower level ofgeography. This is borne out by the results of the Dorset Deprivation Indices, which reveal manymiddle-ranking super output areas that contain both OAs that rank among the most deprived inthe County, alongside OAs that rank among the least deprived in the County. Secondly, theextent of deprivation is likely to be higher in the most deprived OAs than the most deprivedSOAs because the former are more homogenous in terms of their socio-economiccharacteristics. The use of the finer geography as a basis for building deprivation indices can,therefore, yield a more detailed picture of deprivation.

The exclusive use of Census statistics can also provide a unique picture of deprivation that isdifferent from other indices. As such, they can provide a fresh, alternative perspective ondeprivation.

WEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND INTRODUCTION

Dorset Deprivation Indices Page 1

Presentation of Results

The Dorset Deprivation Indices consist of nine indices for each output area in the County.These are the seven domain indices: income; employment; education and skills; health;housing; indoors living environment and mobility. There are, also, two multiple deprivationindices. The first is an overall multiple deprivation index, which is a combination of all thedomains. The second is a composite index based on the combination of the four main domainsthat the DDI shares with the ID2004, income, employment, education and skills and health.

Each of the nine indices is assigned a County rank. There are 1384 output areas in Dorset. Themost deprived OA is assigned a rank of 1 and the least deprived is given a rank of 1384. Theranks provide an easy way of showing how an output area compares with all other output areasin the County in terms of deprivation. Effectively, they constitute a league table of deprivationfor output areas and, therefore, help to prioritise areas in terms of social need within the County.

The results presented here are for the overall multiple deprivation index covering all sevendomains and the four main domain indices: income; employment; education and skills andhealth. Each of the district reports follows the same format with a page of analysis for each ofthese indices. This includes a commentary to accompany the following...

District maps of OA level deprivation for each of the indices. All OAs inthe County have been divided into ten groups based on their Countyranks, each containing ten-percent of the total number of output areas(deciles) in the County. The areas shaded in dark blue are among theten-percent most deprived in the County while the areas shaded in brightyellow are the among the ten-percent least deprived in the County.

Graphs of the relative position of each district in terms of the extent ofdeprivation. There are two graphs. The first records the proportion ofthe district’s population that lives in the ten-percent most deprived OAsin the County. The second records the proportion of each district’spopulation living in the ten percent least deprived OAs in the County.

A graph showing the proportion of each super output area’s populationthat live in the ten-percent most deprived output areas in the County.

Website

Each of these district reports is available to download in pdf format from the County Council’swebsite at www.dorsetcc.gov.uk. The full set of SOA level indices and OA level indices from theDorset Deprivation Indices is available in Excel Spreadsheet on request. This file also includesthe SOA level ID2004 deprivation indices. There are also a set of MapInfo files containing theSOA and OA boundaries available on request. E:mail [email protected] to requestcopies of these files.

WEST DORSETWEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND


PRESENTATION OF RESULTS

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Carlton

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Fortun

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Nort

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Road

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Upwey

and B

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ast

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ft Roa

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mouth

West E

veres

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Wyk

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is Ferr

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ge

Little

moor E

ast

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tham W

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aneh

ouse

MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION

WEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND


2

kilometres

10

0 to 138 (52)138 to 276 (36)276 to 414 (26)414 to 552 (23)552 to 690 (19)690 to 828 (24)828 to 966 (10)966 to 1,104 (9)

1,104 to 1,242 (11)1,242 to 1,384 (10)

(C) Crown copyright. All rights reserved.Dorset County Council, LA076570. 2001

Dorset Deprivation IndicesCensus Output Areas

MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION

Most Deprived

Least Deprived

N

0

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20

25

Weymou

th

Christc

hurch

Purbec

k

West D

orset

East D

orset

North D

orset

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10

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20

25

East D

orset

North D

orset

West D

orset

Weymou

th

Purbec

k

Christc

hurch

In population terms, 14,510 people live in theseoutput areas. This represents 22.8% of thedistrict’s population, the largest figure of all thedistricts by some margin. The population livingin the 10% most deprived output areas in theCounty is 37,360 or 9.6%: 38.8% of thesepeople live in Weymouth and Portland. In otherwords, roughly four out of ten people living in the10% most deprived output areas in the Countylive in Weymouth and Portland.

Weymouth and Portland district contains fifty-twoof the 10% most deprived output areas in theCounty. Weymouth and Portland has 220 outputareas in total so 23.6% of its output areas areamong the 10% most deprived in Dorset.

The OA focus of the DMDI reveals little deprivation that isn’talready known at SOA level. Forty-five of the 52 deprivedoutput areas in Weymouth and Portland are in SOAs thatappear in the 10% most deprived on the DMDI.

The most deprived output area in Weymouth andPortland is ranked 1st out of 1384 and is located inLittlemoor West SOA ranked 1st on the SOA level DMDI.

Melcombe Regis Town Centre is the only SOA in theCounty to appear in the ten-percent most deprivedSOAs in England as recorded by the English Indicesof Deprivation 2004. However, Melcombe RegisTown Centre ranks 4th out of 247 on the SOA levelDMDI, behind Rodwell and Chapelhay, FortuneswellNorth and Littlemoor West. It is likely that the crimeelement in the IMD2004 promotes Melcombe Regisin the English rankings.

% Population livingin the 10% mostdeprived OAs inDorset

% Population livingin the 10% leastdeprived OAs inDorset

MULTIPLE DEPRIVATIONWEYMOUTH AND PORTLANDP

erce

nt o

f pop

ulat

ion

livin

g in

the

10%

mos

t dep

rived

OA

s in

Dor

set

The population in Weymouthand Portland living in the 10%least deprived output areas inthe County is 2,820 or 4.4%.

© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved.Dorset County Council. LA100019790. 2004

Weymouth

Fortuneswelland Easton

0

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Fortun

eswell

Nort

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Melcom

be R

egis

Town C

entre

Little

moor W

est

Wes

tham N

orth W

estha

ven

Fortun

eswell

Sou

th

Melcom

be R

egis

Lodm

oor H

ill

Rodwell

and C

hape

lhay

Melcom

be R

egis

Park D

istric

t

Weston

Wes

t

Upwey

and B

roadw

ey E

ast

Wey

mouth

Wes

t Don

caste

r Rd

Westha

m Eas

t Knig

htsda

le Roa

d

Wyke S

quare

Westha

m Wes

t St A

ugus

tines

Westha

m Nort

h Gold

croft R

oad

Weymou

th W

est E

veres

t Roa

d

Wyk

e Reg

is Ferr

y Brid

ge

Rodwell

and t

he N

othe

Little

moor E

ast

Westha

m Wes

t Lan

ehou

se

INCOME DEPRIVATIONWEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND

2

kilometres

10

13274155698296

1,101,24

(C) Crown copy right. All rights reserv ed.Dorset County Council, LA076570. 2001


INCOME DOMAIN

Most Deprived

Least Deprived

N

0

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20

25

East D

orset

Purbec

k

North D

orset

Wes

t Dors

et

Christc

hurch

Wey

mouth

0

5

10

15

20

25

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mouth

Christc

hurch

Wes

t Dors

et

East D

orset

North D

orset

Purbec

kIn population terms, just over 10,950 people livein these output areas. This represents 17.2% ofthe district’s population, the largest figure of allthe districts. The population living in the 10%most income deprived output areas in theCounty is 36,070 or 9.2%. 30.3% of thesepeople live in Weymouth and Portland.

Weymouth and Portland district contains forty ofthe 10% most income deprived output areas inthe County. Weymouth and Portland district has220 output areas in total, so 18.2% of its outputareas are among the 10% most income deprivedin Dorset.

The most income deprived output area inWeymouth and Portland is ranked 1st out of1384 and is located in Westham NorthWesthaven SOA - ranked 5th on the SOA levelDDI. The most income deprived SOA in thedistrict - and the County - is Rodwell andChapelhay.

Income deprivation in Weymouth is principally foundin the town centre in Melcombe Regis, parts ofRodwell and Westham, and further to the northof the distrct in Littlemoor and Upwey.

On Portland, income deprivation is concentrated inFortuneswell North, Fortuneswell South and WestonWest SOAs. Fortuneswell North SOA has the highestpercentage of people living in the 10% most deprivedoutput areas in the County, out of all SOAs in Dorset.



INCOME DEPRIVATIONWEYMOUTH AND PORTLANDP

erce

nt o

f pop

ulat

ion

livin

g in

the

10%

mos

t dep

rived

OA

s in

Dor

set

The population in Weymouth and Portlandliving in the 10% least deprived

output areas in the County is 2,180 or just 3.4%, the lowest figure in Dorset.


Weymouth



EMPLOYMENT DEPRIVATIONWEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND


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Carlton

Roa

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ell an

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Castle

town a

nd C

hiswell

Upwey

and B

roadw

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Vall

ey an

d Nott

ington

Red

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Wyk

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13274155698296

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EMPLOYMENT DOMAIN

Most Deprived

Least Deprived

NIn population terms, just over 19,240 peoplelive in these output areas. This represents30.2% of the district’s population, almost threetimes the figure for the second most depriveddistrict by this measure. The population living inthe 10% most employment deprived output areas inthe County is 38,920 or 10%.%: half of these peoplelive in Weymouth and Portland (49.4%).

Weymouth and Portland district contains sixty-seven of the 10% most employment deprivedoutput areas in the County. Weymouth andPortland district has 220 output areas in total,so 30.5% of its output areas are among the10% most employment deprived in Dorset.

Employment deprivation in Weymouth is relatively widespreadbut is most acute in Littlemoor West and Rodwell & ChapelhaySOAs where 100% of their respective populations live in the 10%most deprived OAs in the County. Other main areas ofdeprivation are found in Weymouth Town Centre, in particularMelcombe Regis and Westham. On Portland, employmentdeprivation is concentrated in Fortuneswell North and WestonWest SOAs and parts of Southwell.

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EMPLOYMENT DEPRIVATIONWEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND

Per

cent

of p

opul

atio

n liv

ing

in th

e10

% m

ost d

epriv

ed O

As

in D

orse

t


Themost

employment deprived output

area in Weymouth andPortland is ranked 1st outof 1384 and is located in

Melcombe Regis TownCentre SOA.

The mostemployment deprived SOA in the County is

Littlemoor West.

Weymouth


EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEPRIVATIONWEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND


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kilometres

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13274155698296

1,101,24



EDUCATION DOMAIN

Most Deprived

Least Deprived

NIn population terms, 9,460 people live inthese output areas. This represents 14.9%of the district’s population. The populationliving in the 10% most education and skillsdeprived output areas in the County is 40,560or 10.4%. 23.3% of these people live in Weymouthand Portland.

Weymouth and Portland district contains twenty-eight of the 10% most education and skillsdeprived output areas in the County. Weymouthand Portland district has 220 output areas in total,so 12.7% of its output areas are among the 10%most education and skills deprived in Dorset.

Education and skills deprivation in Weymouth is mainlyconcentrated in the Westham North and Westham West SOAsand in Littlemoor West to the north of the district. Interestingly,none of the OAs in Melcombe Regis SOA appear among the tenpercent most deprived in the County; Melcombe Regis SOA itselfranks 81st on the SOA level DDI education and skills index. OnPortland, education and skills deprivation is concentrated inFortuneswell and Weston West.



EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEPRIVATIONWEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND

Per

cent

of p

opul

atio

n liv

ing

in th

e10

% m

ost d

epriv

ed O

As

in D

orse

t


The most

education and skills

deprived output area inWeymouth and Portland

is ranked 14th out of1384 and is located in

Westham NorthWesthaven SOA.

The most education andskills deprived SOA in thedistrict - ranked 4th on the

SOA level DDI education andskills index - is Fortuneswell

North. Fortuneswell North isalso identified as the most

deprived SOA in the districton the ID2004 education and

skills domain index and isalso ranked 4th in the County.

0

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Fortun

eswell

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Fortun

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Sou

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Tophil

l Eas

t Grov

e Roa

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aneh

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orth G

oldcro

ft Roa

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Wes

ton W

est

Wes

tham W

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t Aug

ustin

es

Wyk

e Reg

is Ferr

y Brid

ge

Wey

mouth

West D

onca

ster R

d

Little

moor E

ast

Wes

ton Eas

t

Rodwell

and C

hape

lhay

Wes

tham E

ast K

nights

dale

Road

Wey

mouth

Wes

t Eve

rest R

oad

Weymouth


HEALTH DEPRIVATIONWEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND


2

kilometres

10

13274155698296

1,101,24



HEALTH DOMAIN

Most Deprived

Least Deprived

NIn population terms, just over 8,720 peoplelive in these output areas. This represents13.7% of the district’s population. The populationliving in the 10% most health deprived output areasin the County is 36,960 or 9.5%. 23.6% of these peoplelive in Weymouth and Portland.

Weymouth and Portland district contains thirty ofthe 10% most health deprived output areas inthe County. Weymouth and Portland district has220 output areas in total, so 13.6% of its outputareas are among the 10% most health deprivedin Dorset.

Health deprivation in Weymouth is most acute in LittlemoorWest and Westham North SOAs. Other main areas of deprivationare found in Weymouth Town Centre, in particular Melcombe Regis.On Portland, health deprivation is concentrated in parts ofFortuneswell North and Fortuneswell South, Weston West andTophill East. The most health deprived output area in Weymouthand Portland is ranked 2nd out of 1384 in the County and is locatedin Fortuneswell North SOA, ranked 9th on the SOA level healthdeprivation index. The most health deprived SOA in theWeymouth and Portland - and in the County - is Littlemoor West.



HEALTH DEPRIVATIONWEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND

Per

cent

of p

opul

atio

n liv

ing

in th

e10

% m

ost d

epriv

ed O

As

in D

orse

t


0

20

40

60

80

100

Little

moor W

est

Fortun

eswell

Sou

th

Melcom

be R

egis

Town C

entre

Wes

tham N

orth W

estha

ven

Wes

tham E

ast A

bbots

bury

Road

Wes

tham E

ast K

nights

dale

Road

Wes

tham N

orth S

outhi

ll

Melcom

be R

egis

Lodm

oor H

ill

Wes

ton E

ast

Fortun

eswell

Nort

h

Wey

mouth

Wes

t Bux

ton R

oad

Wes

tham N

orth G

oldcro

ft Roa

d

Preston

Sutt

on P

oyntz

Rodwell

and C

hape

lhay

Tophil

l Eas

t Eas

ton

Radipo

le Wes

t

Wes

tham W

est L

aneh

ouse

Little

moor E

ast

Melcom

be R

egis

Park D

istric

t

0

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Wes

t Dors

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East D

orset

Purbec

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Christc

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East D

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North D

orset

The population

in Weymouth andPortland living in the

10% least health deprived output areas in

the County is 3,410 or just 5.4%. This

compares with 10.5% forthe County as a whole.

Weymouth


2

3

1

6

14

3436

33

38

16

27

28

26

25

9

13

1829

12

104

520

17

7

8

11

15

19

21

22

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30

31

32

35

37

39

KEY MAPWEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND


KEY MAPWEYMOUTH AND PORTLAND

N

1 Castletown and Chiswell2 Fortuneswell North3 Fortuneswell South4 Littlemoor East5 Littlemoor West6 Melcombe Regis Carlton Road7 Melcombe Regis Lodmoor Hill8 Melcombe Regis Park District9 Melcombe Regis Town Centre

10 Preston11 Preston Overcoombe12 Preston Sutton Poyntz13 Radipole East14 Radipole West15 Rodwell and Chapelhay16 Rodwell and the Nothe17 Southwell and Portland Bill18 Tophill East Easton19 Tophill East Grove Road20 Upwey and Broadwey East

21 Upwey and Broadwey West22 Westham East Abbotsbury Road23 Westham East Knightsdale Road24 Westham North Goldcroft Road25 Westham North Southill26 Westham North Westhaven27 Westham West Lanehouse28 Westham West St Augustines29 Weston East30 Weston West31 Wey Valley & Radipole North Radipole

Village32 Wey Valley and Nottington Redlands33 Weymouth West Buxton Road34 Weymouth West Doncaster Rd35 Weymouth West Everest Road36 Wyke Regis All Saints37 Wyke Regis Castle Hill38 Wyke Regis Ferry Bridge39 Wyke Square


Weymouth


SUPER OUTPUT AREAS

DOMAINSub domain

INDICATOR DENOMINATORS CENSUSTABLE

Income Lone Pensioners Households All HH – HH with DCH KS02Lone Parent Households All HH with DCH KS02No adults working with dependent child All HH with DCH KS21

Employment Permanently Sick/Disabled KS09aLong term Unemployed KS09aNever Worked KS09aUnemployed KS09a

Sub-domains Inactive Econ Inactive Population KS09aActive Econ Active Population KS09a

Health People whose health was not good Total Population KS08People with limiting long-term illness Total Population KS08Permanently Sick/Disabled Total Population KS09aPeople providing unpaid care for morethan 50 hours a week

Total Population KS08

Education No Qualifications KS13and skills Level 1Qualifications KS13

Low Skilled Occupations KS12aRoutine Occupations KS14a

Sub-domains Low qualifications Population aged 16-74 KS13Low skill Population aged 16-74

in EmploymentKS12a

Housing Households in accommodationrented from the council KS18Households in accommodationrented from a housing association KS18Households inovercrowded accommodation KS19

Sub-domains Tenure All households KS18Overcrowding All households KS19

Indoors LivingEnvironment

Households where lowest level ofaccommodation is 1st floor and above

KS19

Households with central heatingand shared WC/bath

KS19

Households without centralheating and shared WC/bath

KS19

Sub-domains Floor Level All households KS19Amenities All households KS19

Mobility Households without a car All households KS17

DOMAINS, INDICATORS AND DATA SOURCES


Methodology

The method for generating the indices draws on the methodology for producing the EnglishIndices devised by the Social Disadvantage Research Centre at the University of Oxford.

A total of twenty-one Census variables were selected as indicators of deprivation from the 2001Census. The indicators were assigned to domains similar to the ID2004. One simple method ofcombining the indicators into domain scores is simply summing the indicators and dividing by acommon denominator.

In this case, however, each indicator is treated as a separate, distinct strand of deprivationindependently of its extent or scale. This is because of the widely differing ranges of score forindicators combined with the fact that many of the Census variables were proxy indicators. Thechosen method of combination involved standardising the indicators to a common distribution, inthis case to a normal distribution, by assigning a rank based on the individual indicator scoresfor output areas.

The ranks are transformed to an exponential distribution to prevent cancellation betweenindicators within the same domain when they are combined to generate an overall domainscore. ‘Cancellation’ is where the absence of deprivation recorded by one indicator cancels thedeprivation recorded by another indicator within the same domain. This transformation isparticularly relevant at OA level since there may be instances where the more homogenouscharacter of output areas may make one indicator dominant to the extent that it is impossible toachieve a score for other indicators within the same domain. This transformation introduces acontrolled reduction of cancellation between indicators. The resulting scores occupy a commonrange from 0 to 100 for each indicator with 0 for the least deprived and 100 for the mostdeprived.

The standardised, exponentially transformed scores for output areas are combined into domainscores with weights derived from the correlation of indicator ranks with the relevant ID2004domain ranks at SOA level. This effectively weights indicators in terms of their relativeperformance at measuring deprivation within a domain using the ID2004 study as anestablished benchmark. The resulting scores are then assigned a rank to create the domainindices.

The individual steps to create the indices are summarised on the following page.

METHODOLOGY


THE CONSTRUCTION OF CENSUS-BASED INDICES OF DEPRIVATION AND AN INDEXOF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION FOR OUTPUT AREAS IN DORSET

Indicator Scores

1 Calculate indicator scores for OAs. These are the numbers for each Census variable,taken directly from the Census key statistics tables for output areas and expressed assimple rates by dividing by the relevant population.

Domain Indices

2 Calculate Census indicator scores, as above, only for SOAs, then assign ranks based ontheir scores. Correlate the Census-based indicator ranks for SOAs with thecorresponding SOA domain ranks from the ID2004 to derive weights for combining theCensus indicators into domain scores at OA level.

3 Take the OA indicator scores from step 1 and standardise them to a normal distribution byassigning ranks based on the scores.

4 Skew the distribution of OA indicator ranks from step 3, exponentially, to provide premiumscores at the most deprived tail of the distribution. These range from 0 for the leastdeprived to 100 for the most deprived.

5 Combine exponentially transformed OA indicator ranks from step 4 with weights derivedfrom step 2 to provide domain scores for OAs.

Multiple Deprivation Index

6 Derive weights for combination of domain scores from IMD2004 domain weights, adjustedwhere necessary to account for missing/ incomplete domains.

7 Standardise the OA domain scores from step 5 to a normal distribution by assigning arank.

8 Transform the OA ranks from step 6 to an exponential distribution.

9 Combine the exponentially transformed domain ranks from step 7 with weights from step 5to provide an overall multiple deprivation score for OAs.

The same procedure is followed for the calculation of SOA indices only starting at step 2,replacing SOAs for OAs in the subsequent steps. In step 3, the indicator scores are, of course,taken from step 2.


SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY

The transformation used is that drawn directly from the English Indices of Deprivation and isreproduced here in slightly modified form to reflect the level of geography. The ranks referredto are County ranks and the level of geography is the Census output area.

“For any…[Census output area]…, denote its rank on the Domain, scaledto the range [0,1] by R…

[where R=1-(RANK/N) with a RANK of 1 for the most deprived and aRANK of 1384 for the least deprived and where N is the number of OAs inthe County. If we were to name the transformed Domain, X, then]…

X = -23*log{1-R*[1-exp(-100/23)]}

where log denotes natural logarithm and exp the exponential or antilogtransformation.”

(English Indices of Deprivation 2004, Annex I, p150, Crown Copyright)

The transformations were carried out using Microsoft Excel Worksheet functions EXP andLOG. The syntax of the LOG function in Excel is in the following format.

LOG(number,base)

Where number is the positive real number for which you want the logarithm and base is thebase of the logarithm. The natural logarithm is the logarithm to the base e where e isapproximately 2.7182818.

The rationale for this transformation is to prevent the cancellation of recorded deprivation onone domain/indicator caused by an absence of deprivation on another domain/indicator. Thetransformation achieves this effect in the following way…

“Each transformed domain …[or indicator]… has a range of O to 100, witha score of 100 for the most deprived…[OA]…. The constant (23)determines that approximately ten percent of…[OAs]… have a scorehigher than 50. When transformed scores from different domains… [orindicators]…are combined by averaging them, the skewness of thedistribution reduces the extent to which deprivation on one domain…[orindicator]… is cancelled by a lack of deprivation on another. For example,if the transformed scores on two domains are simply averaged, with equalweights, a (hypothetical)…[output area]… that scored 100 on one domainand 0 on the other would have a combined score of 50 and would thus beranked at the 90th percentile. (Averaging the untransformed ranks, or aftertransformation to a normal distribution, would result in such … [an outputarea]… being ranked instead at the 50th percentile: the high deprivation inone domain would have been fully cancelled by the low deprivation in theother.”

(English Indices of Deprivation 2004, p44, Crown Copyright)

The exponential transformation of the ranks, thereby, introduces a controlled reduction of thecancellation of deprivation between domains or indicators.

EXPONENTIAL TRANSFORMATION


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